Significance of serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels in chronic hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main cause of parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis and serum can be tested for the virus itself by reverse-transcription polymerase chain amplificaton. What of the level of this viraemia? To find out if quantitative study of H CV RNA might be useful clinically we took adv...

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Published in	The Lancet (British edition) Vol. 341; no. 8859; pp. 1501 - 1504
Main Authors	Lau, J.Y.N, Davis, G.L, Kniffen, J, Qian, K.-P, Urdea, M.S, Chan, C.S, Neuwald, P.D, Wilber, J.C, Mizokami, M
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	London Elsevier Ltd 12.06.1993 Lancet Elsevier Limited
Subjects	Adult Aged Amplification Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences Biopsy Blood transfusion Chronic infection Clinical trials Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Drug abuse Female Hepacivirus - genetics Hepacivirus - isolation & purification Hepatitis Hepatitis C Hepatitis C - blood Hepatitis C - drug therapy Hepatitis C - microbiology Hepatitis, Chronic - blood Hepatitis, Chronic - drug therapy Hepatitis, Chronic - microbiology Human viral diseases Humans Infections Infectious diseases Interferon Interferon alpha-2 Interferon-alpha - therapeutic use Intravenous administration Lesions Liver Male Medical personnel Medical research Medical sciences Middle Aged Molecular Sequence Data Non-A, non-B hepatitis Patients Quantitative research Recombinant Proteins Ribonucleic acid RNA RNA viruses RNA, Viral - blood Viral diseases Viral hepatitis Viremia Viremia - microbiology Viruses Workers α-Interferon Infection Virus Human Chronic RNA Viral disease Digestive diseases Exploration Hepatic disease Serum Hepatitis C virus Viral hepatitis C
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Abstract	Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main cause of parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis and serum can be tested for the virus itself by reverse-transcription polymerase chain amplificaton. What of the level of this viraemia? To find out if quantitative study of H CV RNA might be useful clinically we took advantage of participation in trials of interferon-α in patients with chronic HCV infection and applied a new assay, branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification. Paired serum and liver biopsy specimens from 47 patients with confirmed chronic HCV infection and evidence of HCV RNA in their serum were studied. The quantitative bDNA assay (detection limit 350000 equivalents/mL [eq/mL]) was positive in 34 sera (sensitivity 72%). Patients who acquired HCV infection by blood transfusion had a higher viraemia (median 2701 000 eq/mL, n=29) than health workers and intravenous drug users (635 000 eq/mL, n=13; p<0·01). Patients with a sustained complete response to interferon-α therapy had lower pre-treatment viraemia levels (median at bDNA cut-off, n=11) than complete responders who relapsed after the drug was stopped (1613 000 eq/mL, n=15; p<0·01) and non-responders (3066 000 eq/mL, n=20; p<0·01). High viraemia levels were not related to the histological diagnosis but were associated with lobular inflammation, lymphoid aggregates, and bileduct lesions. These findings indicate that mode of acquisition is an important determinant of HCV viraemia and that patients with low HCV viraemia levels are more likely to respond to interferon in a sustained fashion.
AbstractList	Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main cause of parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis and serum can be tested for the virus itself by reverse-transcription polymerase chain amplificaton. What of the level of this viraemia? To find out if quantitative study of H CV RNA might be useful clinically we took advantage of participation in trials of interferon-α in patients with chronic HCV infection and applied a new assay, branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification. Paired serum and liver biopsy specimens from 47 patients with confirmed chronic HCV infection and evidence of HCV RNA in their serum were studied. The quantitative bDNA assay (detection limit 350000 equivalents/mL [eq/mL]) was positive in 34 sera (sensitivity 72%). Patients who acquired HCV infection by blood transfusion had a higher viraemia (median 2701 000 eq/mL, n=29) than health workers and intravenous drug users (635 000 eq/mL, n=13; p<0·01). Patients with a sustained complete response to interferon-α therapy had lower pre-treatment viraemia levels (median at bDNA cut-off, n=11) than complete responders who relapsed after the drug was stopped (1613 000 eq/mL, n=15; p<0·01) and non-responders (3066 000 eq/mL, n=20; p<0·01). High viraemia levels were not related to the histological diagnosis but were associated with lobular inflammation, lymphoid aggregates, and bileduct lesions. These findings indicate that mode of acquisition is an important determinant of HCV viraemia and that patients with low HCV viraemia levels are more likely to respond to interferon in a sustained fashion. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main cause of parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis and serum can be tested for the virus itself by reverse-transcription polymerase chain amplification. What of the level of this viraemia? To find out if quantitative study of HCV RNA might be useful clinically we took advantage of participation in trials of interferon-alpha in patients with chronic HCV infection and applied a new assay, branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification. Paired serum and liver biopsy specimens from 47 patients with confirmed chronic HCV infection and evidence of HCV RNA in their serum were studied. The quantitative bDNA assay (detection limit 350,000 equivalents/mL [eq/mL]) was positive in 34 sera (sensitivity 72%). Patients who acquired HCV infection by blood transfusion had a higher viraemia (median 2,701,000 eq/mL, n = 29) than health workers and intravenous drug users (635,000 eq/mL, n = 13; p < 0.01). Patients with a sustained complete response to interferon-alpha therapy had lower pre-treatment viraemia levels (median at bDNA cut-off, n = 11) than complete responders who relapsed after the drug was stopped (1,613,000 eq/mL, n = 15; p < 0.01) and non-responders (3,066,000 eq/mL, n = 20; p < 0.01). High viraemia levels were not related to the histological diagnosis but were associated with lobular inflammation, lymphoid aggregates, and bile-duct lesions. These findings indicate that mode of acquisition is an important determinant of HCV viraemia and that patients with low HCV viraemia levels are more likely to respond to interferon in a sustained fashion. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main cause of parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis and serum can be tested for the virus itself by reverse-transcription polymerase chain amplificaton. What of the level of this viraemia? To find out if quantitative study of H CV RNA might be useful clinically we took advantage of participation in trials of interferon-α in patients with chronic HCV infection and applied a new assay, branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification. Paired serum and liver biopsy specimens from 47 patients with confirmed chronic HCV infection and evidence of HCV RNA in their serum were studied. The quantitative bDNA assay (detection limit 350000 equivalents/mL [eq/mL]) was positive in 34 sera (sensitivity 72%). Patients who acquired HCV infection by blood transfusion had a higher viraemia (median 2701 000 eq/mL, n=29) than health workers and intravenous drug users (635 000 eq/mL, n=13; p<0·01). Patients with a sustained complete response to interferon-α therapy had lower pre-treatment viraemia levels (median at bDNA cut-off, n=11) than complete responders who relapsed after the drug was stopped (1613 000 eq/mL, n=15; p<0·01) and non-responders (3066 000 eq/mL, n=20; p<0·01). High viraemia levels were not related to the histological diagnosis but were associated with lobular inflammation, lymphoid aggregates, and bileduct lesions. These findings indicate that mode of acquisition is an important determinant of HCV viraemia and that patients with low HCV viraemia levels are more likely to respond to interferon in a sustained fashion. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main cause of parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis and serum can be tested for the virus itself by reverse-transcription polymerase chain amplification. What of the level of this viraemia? To find out if quantitative study of HCV RNA might be useful clinically we took advantage of participation in trials of interferon-alpha in patients with chronic HCV infection and applied a new assay, branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification. Paired serum and liver biopsy specimens from 47 patients with confirmed chronic HCV infection and evidence of HCV RNA in their serum were studied. The quantitative bDNA assay (detection limit 350,000 equivalents/mL [eq/mL]) was positive in 34 sera (sensitivity 72%). Patients who acquired HCV infection by blood transfusion had a higher viraemia (median 2,701,000 eq/mL, n = 29) than health workers and intravenous drug users (635,000 eq/mL, n = 13; p < 0.01). Patients with a sustained complete response to interferon-alpha therapy had lower pre-treatment viraemia levels (median at bDNA cut-off, n = 11) than complete responders who relapsed after the drug was stopped (1,613,000 eq/mL, n = 15; p < 0.01) and non-responders (3,066,000 eq/mL, n = 20; p < 0.01). High viraemia levels were not related to the histological diagnosis but were associated with lobular inflammation, lymphoid aggregates, and bile-duct lesions. These findings indicate that mode of acquisition is an important determinant of HCV viraemia and that patients with low HCV viraemia levels are more likely to respond to interferon in a sustained fashion.
Author	Chan, C.S Urdea, M.S Kniffen, J Wilber, J.C Qian, K.-P Lau, J.Y.N Davis, G.L Neuwald, P.D Mizokami, M
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: J.Y.N surname: Lau fullname: Lau, J.Y.N organization: Section of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, U.S.A – sequence: 2 givenname: G.L surname: Davis fullname: Davis, G.L organization: Section of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, U.S.A – sequence: 3 givenname: J surname: Kniffen fullname: Kniffen, J organization: Section of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, U.S.A – sequence: 4 givenname: K.-P surname: Qian fullname: Qian, K.-P organization: Section of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, U.S.A – sequence: 5 givenname: M.S surname: Urdea fullname: Urdea, M.S organization: Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California, United States – sequence: 6 givenname: C.S surname: Chan fullname: Chan, C.S organization: Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California, United States – sequence: 7 givenname: P.D surname: Neuwald fullname: Neuwald, P.D organization: Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California, United States – sequence: 8 givenname: J.C surname: Wilber fullname: Wilber, J.C organization: Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California, United States – sequence: 9 givenname: M surname: Mizokami fullname: Mizokami, M organization: Second Department of Medicine, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
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ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	1993 1993 INIST-CNRS Copyright Lancet Ltd. Jun 12, 1993 Copyright Elsevier Limited Jun 12, 1993
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Keywords	Infection Virus Human Chronic RNA Viral disease Digestive diseases Exploration Hepatic disease Serum Hepatitis C virus Viral hepatitis C
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References	Cha, Beall, Irvine (BIB20) 1992; 89 Sànchez-Pescador, Sheridan, Detmer (BIB10) 1992; 16 Lau, Davis, Mizokami (BIB27) 1992; 16 Esteban, Esteban, Viladomiu (BIB5) 1989; ii Kuo, Choo, Alter (BIB2) 1989; 244 International Group (BIB21) 1977; ii Busch, Wilber, Johnson, Tobler, Evans (BIB14) 1992; 32 Alter, Purcell, Shih (BIB4) 1989; 321 Okada, Akahane, Suzuki (BIB26) 1992; 16 Choo, Kuo, Weiner, Overby, Bradley, Houghton (BIB1) 1989; 244 Hj Lin, Jyn Lau, Ij Lauder, Ny Shi, Cl Lai, FB. Hollinger, Hepatitis C virus genome: a guide to its conserved sequences and candidate epitopes, Virus Res ((in press)). Kato, Hijikata, Ootsuyama, Nakigawa, Ohkoshi, Sugimura, Shimotohno (BIB3) 1990; 87 Kwok, Higuchi (BIB19) 1989; 339 Davis, Balart, Schiff, the Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group (BIB11) 1989; 321 Di Bisceglie, Martin, Kassianides (BIB24) 1989; 321 Krawczynski, Beach, Bradley (BIB29) 1992; 103 Shindo, Di Bisceglie, Cheung (BIB23) 1991; 115 Weiner, Kuo, Bradley (BIB6) 1990; 335 Mishiro, Yoshi, Takeda (BIB13) 1990; 336 Chomczynski, Sacchi (BIB16) 1987; 162 Gunji, Kato, Mori (BIB7) 1992; 52 Lin, Hollinger, Mizokami, Shi (BIB15) 1992; 3 Urdea, Horn, Fultz (BIB9) 1991 Lin, Wu, Lai (BIB18) 1987; 15 Urdea, Kolberg, Warner (BIB8) 1990 Yoshioka, Kakumu, Wakita (BIB25) 1992; 16 Davis, Lau, Urdea (BIB28) 1992; 16 Knodell, Ishak, Black (BIB22) 1981; 1 Lau, Davis, Orito, Qian, Mizokami (BIB12) 1993; 17 7901497 - Lancet. 1993 Nov 6;342(8880):1174-5 8101950 - Lancet. 1993 Aug 14;342(8868):444 Lancet 1993 Aug 21;342(8869):504 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB17 Lin (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB18) 1987; 15 Kwok (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB19) 1989; 339 Yoshioka (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB25) 1992; 16 Krawczynski (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB29) 1992; 103 Alter (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB4) 1989; 321 Gunji (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB7) 1992; 52 Shindo (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB23) 1991; 115 International Group (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB21) 1977; ii Weiner (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB6) 1990; 335 Urdea (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB8) 1990 Kuo (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB2) 1989; 244 Di Bisceglie (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB24) 1989; 321 Cha (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB20) 1992; 89 Urdea (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB9) 1991 Busch (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB14) 1992; 32 Lau (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB12) 1993; 17 Lau (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB27) 1992; 16 Choo (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB1) 1989; 244 Sànchez-Pescador (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB10) 1992; 16 Davis (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB11) 1989; 321 Davis (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB28) 1992; 16 Chomczynski (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB16) 1987; 162 Lin (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB15) 1992; 3 Okada (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB26) 1992; 16 Knodell (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB22) 1981; 1 Kato (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB3) 1990; 87 Esteban (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB5) 1989; ii Mishiro (10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB13) 1990; 336
References_xml	– volume: 1 start-page: 431 year: 1981 end-page: 435 ident: BIB22 article-title: Formulation and application of a numerical scoring system for assessing histological activity in asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis publication-title: Hepatology contributor: fullname: Black – volume: ii start-page: 914 year: 1977 end-page: 919 ident: BIB21 article-title: Acute and chronic hepatitis revisited publication-title: Lancet contributor: fullname: International Group – volume: 16 start-page: 4 year: 1992 ident: BIB28 article-title: Quantitative detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA by solid phase branched chain DNA amplificaton (bDNA): application in interferon-treated patients publication-title: Hepatology contributor: fullname: Urdea – start-page: 275 year: 1990 end-page: 291 ident: BIB8 article-title: A novel method for the detection of hepatitis B virus in human serum samples without blotting or radioactivity publication-title: Luminescence immunoassay and molecular applications. contributor: fullname: Warner – volume: 32 start-page: 420 year: 1992 end-page: 425 ident: BIB14 article-title: Impact of specimen handling and storage on detection of hepatitis C virus RNA publication-title: Transfusion contributor: fullname: Evans – volume: 16 year: 1992 ident: BIB27 article-title: Prevalence and clinical significance of group II hepatitis C virus subtypes in patients with chronic hepatitis C in the United States publication-title: Hepatology contributor: fullname: Mizokami – volume: 321 start-page: 1494 year: 1989 end-page: 1500 ident: BIB4 article-title: Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis publication-title: N Engl J Med contributor: fullname: Shih – volume: 16 start-page: 293 year: 1992 end-page: 299 ident: BIB25 article-title: Detection of hepatitis C virus by polymerase chain reaction and response to interferon-α therapy: relation to genotypes of hepatitis C virus publication-title: Hepatology contributor: fullname: Wakita – volume: 16 start-page: 619 year: 1992 end-page: 624 ident: BIB26 article-title: The degree of variability in the amino terminal region of the E2/NS1 protein of hepatitis C virus correlates with responsiveness to interferon therapy in viremic patients publication-title: Hepatology contributor: fullname: Suzuki – volume: 244 start-page: 362 year: 1989 end-page: 364 ident: BIB2 article-title: An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis publication-title: Science contributor: fullname: Alter – volume: 162 start-page: 156 year: 1987 end-page: 159 ident: BIB16 article-title: Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction publication-title: Anal Biochem contributor: fullname: Sacchi – volume: 115 start-page: 700 year: 1991 end-page: 704 ident: BIB23 article-title: Decrease of serum hepatitis C viral RNA during alpha-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C publication-title: Ann Intern Med contributor: fullname: Cheung – volume: 321 start-page: 1501 year: 1989 end-page: 1506 ident: BIB11 article-title: Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant interferon alfa publication-title: N Engl J Med contributor: fullname: the Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group – volume: 89 start-page: 7144 year: 1992 end-page: 7148 ident: BIB20 article-title: At least five related, but distinct, hepatitis C viral genotypes exist publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA contributor: fullname: Irvine – volume: 244 start-page: 359 year: 1989 end-page: 362 ident: BIB1 article-title: Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood borne non-A, non-B hepatitis genome publication-title: Science contributor: fullname: Houghton – volume: 321 start-page: 1506 year: 1989 end-page: 1510 ident: BIB24 article-title: Recombinant interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis C publication-title: N Engl J Med contributor: fullname: Kassianides – volume: 52 start-page: 726 year: 1992 end-page: 730 ident: BIB7 article-title: Correlation between the serum level of hepatitis C virus RNA and disease activities in acute and chronic hepatitis C publication-title: Int J Cancer contributor: fullname: Mori – year: 1991 ident: BIB9 article-title: Branched DNA amplication multimers for the sensitive, direct detection of human hepatitis viruses (Nucl Acids Res Symp Ser no 24) contributor: fullname: Fultz – volume: 17 start-page: 253 year: 1993 end-page: 257 ident: BIB12 article-title: Significance of antibody to the host cellular gene derived epitope GOR in chronic hepatitis C virus infection publication-title: J Hepatol contributor: fullname: Mizokami – volume: 16 start-page: 588 year: 1992 ident: BIB10 article-title: Quantitative detection of HCV RNA in human sera using a chemiluminescence signal amplification oligonucleotide probe assay publication-title: Hepatology contributor: fullname: Detmer – volume: 339 start-page: 237 year: 1989 end-page: 238 ident: BIB19 article-title: Avoiding false negatives with PCR publication-title: Nature contributor: fullname: Higuchi – volume: 87 start-page: 9524 year: 1990 end-page: 9528 ident: BIB3 article-title: Molecular cloning of the human hepatitis C virus genome from Japanese patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA contributor: fullname: Shimotohno – volume: 335 start-page: 1 year: 1990 end-page: 3 ident: BIB6 article-title: Detection of hepatitis C viral sequences in non-A, non-B hepatitis publication-title: Lancet contributor: fullname: Bradley – volume: 15 start-page: 139 year: 1987 end-page: 149 ident: BIB18 article-title: An oligonucleotide probe for the detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum publication-title: J Virol Meth contributor: fullname: Lai – volume: 103 start-page: 622 year: 1992 end-page: 629 ident: BIB29 article-title: Hepatitis C virus antigen in hepatocytes: immunomorphologic detection and identification publication-title: Gastroenterology contributor: fullname: Bradley – volume: 3 start-page: 220 year: 1992 end-page: 225 ident: BIB15 article-title: A polymerase chain reaction assay for hepatitis C virus RNA using a single tube for reverse transcription and serial rounds of amplification with nested primer pairs publication-title: J Med Virol contributor: fullname: Shi – volume: 336 start-page: 1400 year: 1990 end-page: 1403 ident: BIB13 article-title: Non-A, non-B hepatitis specific antibodies directed at host-derived epitope: implication for an autoimmune process publication-title: Lancet contributor: fullname: Takeda – volume: ii start-page: 294 year: 1989 end-page: 296 ident: BIB5 article-title: Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain publication-title: Lancet contributor: fullname: Viladomiu – volume: ii start-page: 294 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB5 article-title: Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90485-6 contributor: fullname: Esteban – volume: 321 start-page: 1494 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB4 article-title: Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJM198911303212202 contributor: fullname: Alter – volume: 32 start-page: 420 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB14 article-title: Impact of specimen handling and storage on detection of hepatitis C virus RNA publication-title: Transfusion doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32592327714.x contributor: fullname: Busch – volume: 335 start-page: 1 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB6 article-title: Detection of hepatitis C viral sequences in non-A, non-B hepatitis publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90134-Q contributor: fullname: Weiner – volume: 321 start-page: 1501 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB11 article-title: Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant interferon alfa publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJM198911303212203 contributor: fullname: Davis – volume: 339 start-page: 237 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB19 article-title: Avoiding false negatives with PCR publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/339237a0 contributor: fullname: Kwok – volume: 3 start-page: 220 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB15 article-title: A polymerase chain reaction assay for hepatitis C virus RNA using a single tube for reverse transcription and serial rounds of amplification with nested primer pairs publication-title: J Med Virol doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890380312 contributor: fullname: Lin – volume: 89 start-page: 7144 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB20 article-title: At least five related, but distinct, hepatitis C viral genotypes exist publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.15.7144 contributor: fullname: Cha – start-page: 275 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB8 article-title: A novel method for the detection of hepatitis B virus in human serum samples without blotting or radioactivity contributor: fullname: Urdea – volume: 16 start-page: 4 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB28 article-title: Quantitative detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA by solid phase branched chain DNA amplificaton (bDNA): application in interferon-treated patients publication-title: Hepatology contributor: fullname: Davis – volume: 1 start-page: 431 year: 1981 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB22 article-title: Formulation and application of a numerical scoring system for assessing histological activity in asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis publication-title: Hepatology doi: 10.1002/hep.1840010511 contributor: fullname: Knodell – volume: 15 start-page: 139 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB18 article-title: An oligonucleotide probe for the detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum publication-title: J Virol Meth doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(87)90057-7 contributor: fullname: Lin – volume: 162 start-page: 156 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB16 article-title: Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction publication-title: Anal Biochem doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(87)90021-2 contributor: fullname: Chomczynski – volume: 321 start-page: 1506 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB24 article-title: Recombinant interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis C publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJM198911303212204 contributor: fullname: Di Bisceglie – volume: 16 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB27 article-title: Prevalence and clinical significance of group II hepatitis C virus subtypes in patients with chronic hepatitis C in the United States publication-title: Hepatology contributor: fullname: Lau – volume: 16 start-page: 619 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB26 article-title: The degree of variability in the amino terminal region of the E2/NS1 protein of hepatitis C virus correlates with responsiveness to interferon therapy in viremic patients publication-title: Hepatology doi: 10.1002/hep.1840160302 contributor: fullname: Okada – volume: ii start-page: 914 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB21 article-title: Acute and chronic hepatitis revisited publication-title: Lancet contributor: fullname: International Group – volume: 336 start-page: 1400 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB13 article-title: Non-A, non-B hepatitis specific antibodies directed at host-derived epitope: implication for an autoimmune process publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)93101-T contributor: fullname: Mishiro – volume: 115 start-page: 700 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB23 article-title: Decrease of serum hepatitis C viral RNA during alpha-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C publication-title: Ann Intern Med doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-115-9-700 contributor: fullname: Shindo – volume: 17 start-page: 253 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB12 article-title: Significance of antibody to the host cellular gene derived epitope GOR in chronic hepatitis C virus infection publication-title: J Hepatol doi: 10.1016/S0168-8278(05)80047-9 contributor: fullname: Lau – volume: 52 start-page: 726 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB7 article-title: Correlation between the serum level of hepatitis C virus RNA and disease activities in acute and chronic hepatitis C publication-title: Int J Cancer doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910520510 contributor: fullname: Gunji – volume: 244 start-page: 359 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB1 article-title: Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood borne non-A, non-B hepatitis genome publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.2523562 contributor: fullname: Choo – volume: 16 start-page: 588 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB10 article-title: Quantitative detection of HCV RNA in human sera using a chemiluminescence signal amplification oligonucleotide probe assay publication-title: Hepatology contributor: fullname: Sànchez-Pescador – year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB9 contributor: fullname: Urdea – volume: 244 start-page: 362 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB2 article-title: An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.2496467 contributor: fullname: Kuo – ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB17 – volume: 87 start-page: 9524 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB3 article-title: Molecular cloning of the human hepatitis C virus genome from Japanese patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.24.9524 contributor: fullname: Kato – volume: 16 start-page: 293 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB25 article-title: Detection of hepatitis C virus by polymerase chain reaction and response to interferon-α therapy: relation to genotypes of hepatitis C virus publication-title: Hepatology doi: 10.1002/hep.1840160203 contributor: fullname: Yoshioka – volume: 103 start-page: 622 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90635-T_BIB29 article-title: Hepatitis C virus antigen in hepatocytes: immunomorphologic detection and identification publication-title: Gastroenterology doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(92)90856-T contributor: fullname: Krawczynski
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Snippet	Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main cause of parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis and serum can be tested for the virus itself by reverse-transcription polymerase...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Aged Amplification Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences Biopsy Blood transfusion Chronic infection Clinical trials Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Drug abuse Female Hepacivirus - genetics Hepacivirus - isolation & purification Hepatitis Hepatitis C Hepatitis C - blood Hepatitis C - drug therapy Hepatitis C - microbiology Hepatitis, Chronic - blood Hepatitis, Chronic - drug therapy Hepatitis, Chronic - microbiology Human viral diseases Humans Infections Infectious diseases Interferon Interferon alpha-2 Interferon-alpha - therapeutic use Intravenous administration Lesions Liver Male Medical personnel Medical research Medical sciences Middle Aged Molecular Sequence Data Non-A, non-B hepatitis Patients Quantitative research Recombinant Proteins Ribonucleic acid RNA RNA viruses RNA, Viral - blood Viral diseases Viral hepatitis Viremia Viremia - microbiology Viruses Workers α-Interferon
Title	Significance of serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels in chronic hepatitis C
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