Preliminary Identification of Potential Vaccine Targets for the COVID-19 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Based on SARS-CoV Immunological Studies
The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an imminent need to better understand this new virus and to develop ways to control its spread. In this study, we sought to gain ins...
Saved in:
| Published in | Viruses Vol. 12; no. 3; p. 254 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
MDPI
25.02.2020
MDPI AG |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an imminent need to better understand this new virus and to develop ways to control its spread. In this study, we sought to gain insights for vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2 by considering the high genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, which caused the outbreak in 2003, and leveraging existing immunological studies of SARS-CoV. By screening the experimentally-determined SARS-CoV-derived B cell and T cell epitopes in the immunogenic structural proteins of SARS-CoV, we identified a set of B cell and T cell epitopes derived from the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins that map identically to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. As no mutation has been observed in these identified epitopes among the 120 available SARS-CoV-2 sequences (as of 21 February 2020), immune targeting of these epitopes may potentially offer protection against this novel virus. For the T cell epitopes, we performed a population coverage analysis of the associated MHC alleles and proposed a set of epitopes that is estimated to provide broad coverage globally, as well as in China. Our findings provide a screened set of epitopes that can help guide experimental efforts towards the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an imminent need to better understand this new virus and to develop ways to control its spread. In this study, we sought to gain insights for vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2 by considering the high genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, which caused the outbreak in 2003, and leveraging existing immunological studies of SARS-CoV. By screening the experimentally-determined SARS-CoV-derived B cell and T cell epitopes in the immunogenic structural proteins of SARS-CoV, we identified a set of B cell and T cell epitopes derived from the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins that map identically to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. As no mutation has been observed in these identified epitopes among the 120 available SARS-CoV-2 sequences (as of 21 February 2020), immune targeting of these epitopes may potentially offer protection against this novel virus. For the T cell epitopes, we performed a population coverage analysis of the associated MHC alleles and proposed a set of epitopes that is estimated to provide broad coverage globally, as well as in China. Our findings provide a screened set of epitopes that can help guide experimental efforts towards the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an imminent need to better understand this new virus and to develop ways to control its spread. In this study, we sought to gain insights for vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2 by considering the high genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, which caused the outbreak in 2003, and leveraging existing immunological studies of SARS-CoV. By screening the experimentally-determined SARS-CoV-derived B cell and T cell epitopes in the immunogenic structural proteins of SARS-CoV, we identified a set of B cell and T cell epitopes derived from the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins that map identically to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. As no mutation has been observed in these identified epitopes among the 120 available SARS-CoV-2 sequences (as of 21 February 2020), immune targeting of these epitopes may potentially offer protection against this novel virus. For the T cell epitopes, we performed a population coverage analysis of the associated MHC alleles and proposed a set of epitopes that is estimated to provide broad coverage globally, as well as in China. Our findings provide a screened set of epitopes that can help guide experimental efforts towards the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an imminent need to better understand this new virus and to develop ways to control its spread. In this study, we sought to gain insights for vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2 by considering the high genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, which caused the outbreak in 2003, and leveraging existing immunological studies of SARS-CoV. By screening the experimentally-determined SARS-CoV-derived B cell and T cell epitopes in the immunogenic structural proteins of SARS-CoV, we identified a set of B cell and T cell epitopes derived from the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins that map identically to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. As no mutation has been observed in these identified epitopes among the 120 available SARS-CoV-2 sequences (as of 21 February 2020), immune targeting of these epitopes may potentially offer protection against this novel virus. For the T cell epitopes, we performed a population coverage analysis of the associated MHC alleles and proposed a set of epitopes that is estimated to provide broad coverage globally, as well as in China. Our findings provide a screened set of epitopes that can help guide experimental efforts towards the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. |
| Author | Ahmed, Syed Faraz Quadeer, Ahmed A. McKay, Matthew R. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; sfahmed@connect.ust.hk 2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China – name: 1 Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; sfahmed@connect.ust.hk |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Syed Faraz orcidid: 0000-0002-6086-0307 surname: Ahmed fullname: Ahmed, Syed Faraz – sequence: 2 givenname: Ahmed A. orcidid: 0000-0002-5295-9067 surname: Quadeer fullname: Quadeer, Ahmed A. – sequence: 3 givenname: Matthew R. surname: McKay fullname: McKay, Matthew R. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32106567$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNptkstu3CAUhq0qVXNpF32BimWycMPFBrOplLq3kSIl6qSzRZjLhMiGBPBIfYS-dUkmGSVVV6Cfn-_ncM5hteeDN1X1HsGPhHB4ukEYEojb5lV1gDjndcNRu_dsv18dpnQDIaUcsjfVPsEI0payg-rPZTSjm5yX8TdYaOOzs07J7IIHwYLLkO8lOYKVVMp5A65kXJucgA0R5GsD-ovV4kuNOOhDDF5uXJwTOF6e_VzWfVjV-AR8lsloUHhPIlhM0-zDGNYlaQTLPGtn0tvqtZVjMu8e16Pq17evV_2P-vzi-6I_O69VC1muMbZkaCSnilDOIGEDJ1hii2knUYNIiyTW2GrNmlaxzjJNtYF4kJpKMtiOHFWLLVcHeSNuo5tK6SJIJx6EENdCxuzUaERBwk4xw1lBD2roCGRcIYhtN3RIo8L6tGXdzsNktCp_FeX4AvryxLtrsQ4bwVALecMK4PgREMPdbFIWk0vKjKP0JsxJ4FJkgylBuFg_PM_ahTz1shhOtgYVQ0rR2J0FQXE_J2I3J8V7-o9XufzQ9fJMN_7nxl9Kmb3a |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amjmed_2023_02_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micpath_2020_104554 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2007246117 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13205_021_02905_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lfs_2020_118421 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2021_104869 crossref_primary_10_1055_s_0040_1715790 crossref_primary_10_1096_fj_202001115R crossref_primary_10_1111_apha_13470 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tmaid_2020_101755 crossref_primary_10_1142_S0218202522010011 crossref_primary_10_4103_ijhas_IJHAS_86_20 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_isci_2021_103037 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_842232 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42247_021_00175_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vaccine_2020_06_058 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsinfecdis_2c00204 crossref_primary_10_1109_MSP_2020_2975306 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2023_2242500 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10593_021_02920_8 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41577_020_00434_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jiph_2021_04_011 crossref_primary_10_2174_0113892029291098240129113500 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12859_021_04017_7 crossref_primary_10_1002_masy_202100415 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_00879 crossref_primary_10_7326_M22_1286 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12951_021_01081_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addr_2021_01_022 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41577_020_00479_7 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_884433 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41372_020_00805_w crossref_primary_10_21307_PM_2020_59_3_16 crossref_primary_10_1364_OPTCON_472486 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2020_104471 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jmedchem_0c00606 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compbiomed_2020_104162 crossref_primary_10_5937_afmnai39_38354 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_csbj_2021_07_033 crossref_primary_10_1515_rams_2020_0048 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2021_660149 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2022_2075468 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_85202_9 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41565_020_0737_y crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2020_1752310 crossref_primary_10_1128_CMR_00028_20 crossref_primary_10_1152_physrev_00020_2020 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2020_103132 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_stemcr_2020_12_010 crossref_primary_10_1172_JCI140965 crossref_primary_10_1097_GOX_0000000000002973 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molstruc_2021_130854 crossref_primary_10_1002_bab_2076 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsinfecdis_0c00274 crossref_primary_10_2147_IDR_S264573 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_574910 crossref_primary_10_15342_ijms_7_198 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_humimm_2021_04_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molliq_2020_114734 crossref_primary_10_23736_S2724_542X_20_02652_X crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2021_107679 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2021_107439 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jproteome_0c00273 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_022_11030_0 crossref_primary_10_1002_ppap_202200012 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_73371_y crossref_primary_10_3201_eid2701_203772 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addr_2021_01_007 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_9311052 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_virusres_2020_198082 crossref_primary_10_3201_2701_203772 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_97423_z crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_2000922 crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202404159 crossref_primary_10_1111_jog_14321 crossref_primary_10_1111_tbed_13804 crossref_primary_10_1042_BST20200396 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_13380 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imu_2021_100578 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2111815118 crossref_primary_10_31665_JFB_2021_15283 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2021_675528 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiac500 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoenv_2020_111015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cll_2020_08_014 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_2837670 crossref_primary_10_3346_jkms_2020_35_e176 crossref_primary_10_31083_j_fbl2701013 crossref_primary_10_4103_jfmpc_jfmpc_851_20 crossref_primary_10_5455_njcm_20211014065554 crossref_primary_10_1097_MPG_0000000000003158 crossref_primary_10_29328_journal_abb_1001016 crossref_primary_10_61186_hsm_2_3_180 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphar_2024_1434181 crossref_primary_10_4103_tcmj_tcmj_104_21 crossref_primary_10_1093_bioinformatics_btab406 crossref_primary_10_1159_000513686 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gendis_2021_05_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ymthe_2020_10_001 crossref_primary_10_1093_bib_bbaa362 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jns_2020_116936 crossref_primary_10_1186_s42269_022_00861_6 crossref_primary_10_2217_fvl_2022_0058 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imu_2021_100529 crossref_primary_10_1002_smm2_1274 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_asoc_2021_108280 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2020_104382 crossref_primary_10_4103_JASI_JASI_109_20 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_virusres_2022_198769 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clim_2022_109103 crossref_primary_10_17816_clinpract71351 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1488860 crossref_primary_10_1590_1678_4685_gmb_2021_0036 crossref_primary_10_1093_jpp_rgaa067 crossref_primary_10_1093_abt_tbaa019 crossref_primary_10_1080_21645515_2020_1796425 crossref_primary_10_1142_S2737416523500552 crossref_primary_10_1111_bcpt_13600 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmolb_2021_607886 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_crmicr_2020_06_003 crossref_primary_10_34133_2020_6925296 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00894_021_04828_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imu_2021_100515 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_01523 crossref_primary_10_1111_imr_12897 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jddst_2021_102967 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engappai_2025_110395 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tim_2020_05_012 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_snb_2024_136284 crossref_primary_10_1080_10408363_2020_1783198 crossref_primary_10_1128_jvi_00426_23 crossref_primary_10_14712_fb2021067010016 crossref_primary_10_2174_1566524021666210203113849 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2020_567405 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xcrm_2020_100036 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41649_020_00139_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lfs_2023_121374 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_virol_2020_04_011 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2020_1835716 crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0021270 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2022_835750 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_colcom_2021_100533 crossref_primary_10_1089_mab_2020_0035 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_569760 crossref_primary_10_37978_pjsm_v1i3_148 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00894_021_04816_y crossref_primary_10_1155_2023_1879554 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40359_021_00646_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_arcmed_2021_01_004 crossref_primary_10_1039_D0CC03263H crossref_primary_10_1186_s13662_020_02831_6 crossref_primary_10_52711_0974_360X_2023_00752 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imu_2020_100475 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2021_107516 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11696_022_02514_4 crossref_primary_10_1080_14760584_2020_1813576 crossref_primary_10_4103_mjbl_mjbl_253_23 crossref_primary_10_1080_21645515_2021_1935172 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11628_021_00441_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10989_021_10348_z crossref_primary_10_15407_microbiolj83_05_067 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_26709 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_medntd_2022_100159 crossref_primary_10_1152_physiolgenomics_00033_2020 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40249_020_00713_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micpath_2020_104241 crossref_primary_10_1021_acssynbio_0c00359 crossref_primary_10_35757_KiS_2021_65_1_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2021_128759 crossref_primary_10_5582_bst_2020_03345 crossref_primary_10_23736_S1825_859X_20_00054_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11239_020_02107_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jiph_2020_10_012 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmolb_2022_953064 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jmedchem_0c00502 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bdr_2021_100287 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bios_2021_112969 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10529_022_03316_0 crossref_primary_10_1126_science_abc5902 crossref_primary_10_1002_JLB_4MA0621_020R crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2020_104490 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_9576 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jconrel_2021_07_028 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_9572 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13206_020_4404_z crossref_primary_10_7774_cevr_2020_9_2_169 crossref_primary_10_1002_cbdv_202200266 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jksus_2021_101439 crossref_primary_10_1128_AAC_00483_20 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41392_020_00352_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xcrm_2021_100312 crossref_primary_10_1002_iub_2577 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_12242_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13205_020_02522_9 crossref_primary_10_1111_cei_13517 crossref_primary_10_1145_3466622 crossref_primary_10_1039_D1BM01060C crossref_primary_10_1089_dna_2020_5703 crossref_primary_10_1002_ange_202002979 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cca_2023_117390 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_2000898 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_9689 crossref_primary_10_1186_s11658_022_00338_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drudis_2021_04_018 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_28225 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopha_2021_111272 crossref_primary_10_1002_jgm_3303 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_virusres_2022_198688 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00604_022_05533_w crossref_primary_10_36290_neu_2020_121 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_1401053 crossref_primary_10_1039_D1RA04694B crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_1041185 crossref_primary_10_1186_s42234_020_00050_8 crossref_primary_10_1039_D0CC08265A crossref_primary_10_3233_HAB_211506 crossref_primary_10_2174_1389557521666210422113915 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_immuno_2023_100021 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nmni_2020_100786 crossref_primary_10_1080_14787210_2021_1863146 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2020_00188 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41565_020_0732_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13205_020_02425_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micpath_2025_107398 crossref_primary_10_1002_acg2_101 crossref_primary_10_1080_17476348_2020_1782198 crossref_primary_10_1002_slct_202003349 crossref_primary_10_1093_bib_bbaa340 crossref_primary_10_19163_1994_9480_2021_2_78__18_27 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_celrep_2020_108666 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jbiosc_2022_11_001 crossref_primary_10_1515_cclm_2020_0502 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_immuni_2020_11_004 crossref_primary_10_18521_ktd_722266 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40794_022_00176_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11684_023_1034_6 crossref_primary_10_2200_S01107ED1V01Y202105MEC035 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13073_020_00767_w crossref_primary_10_17776_csj_1009906 crossref_primary_10_2217_fmb_2020_0147 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compbiomed_2021_104390 crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202207474 crossref_primary_10_1002_rmv_2431 crossref_primary_10_1093_pcmedi_pbaa017 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cmpb_2020_105896 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sleepe_2023_100069 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_2100054 crossref_primary_10_1002_eji_202049101 crossref_primary_10_7326_M20_5350 crossref_primary_10_1080_21645515_2021_1908060 crossref_primary_10_1093_bib_bbaa331 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_9121429 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_01662 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpls_2023_1290042 crossref_primary_10_1111_apm_13210 crossref_primary_10_1080_21505594_2024_2421987 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0267471 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_analchem_2c03846 crossref_primary_10_22328_2077_9828_2020_12_4_7_22 crossref_primary_10_1002_bab_2101 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3009328 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42247_021_00168_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_isci_2021_102311 crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_immunol_101721_061120 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_celrep_2021_108737 crossref_primary_10_1088_1742_6596_1951_1_012066 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_845316 crossref_primary_10_1134_S0036024423030299 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fct_2021_112057 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00284_022_03003_3 crossref_primary_10_7774_cevr_2024_13_3_202 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_27285 crossref_primary_10_1111_tan_14387 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jim_2020_112837 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_81462_7 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_020_16638_2 crossref_primary_10_1042_BSR20201312 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_6870512 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_10666 crossref_primary_10_1515_jbcpp_2020_0113 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tmaid_2020_101830 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2021_e06564 crossref_primary_10_1111_apm_13284 crossref_primary_10_3892_mi_2021_19 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41590_020_0782_6 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_29115 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_28023 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2020_595874 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micinf_2020_09_004 crossref_primary_10_3934_mbe_2020159 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_023_42430_z crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_023_04899_8 crossref_primary_10_1152_physiolgenomics_00075_2021 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2023_2222821 crossref_primary_10_23736_S1825_859X_20_00072_9 crossref_primary_10_11948_20210102 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1116131 crossref_primary_10_26735_GYCX5740 crossref_primary_10_3934_math_2022147 crossref_primary_10_1134_S0026893320060151 crossref_primary_10_4155_tde_2020_0035 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11696_023_02795_3 crossref_primary_10_5005_jp_journals_10054_0146 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2020_1779131 crossref_primary_10_29328_journal_ijpra_1001082 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejmech_2021_113857 crossref_primary_10_1080_1744666X_2024_2346584 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dsx_2020_04_032 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_immuni_2023_03_005 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcell_2020_00410 crossref_primary_10_1128_JVI_01410_20 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clim_2020_108409 crossref_primary_10_15407_ubj96_04_095 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compbiomed_2025_110001 crossref_primary_10_1002_rmv_2123 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scs_2020_102372 crossref_primary_10_1093_glycob_cwaa099 crossref_primary_10_7774_cevr_2021_10_2_154 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12038_020_00040_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13205_021_03076_0 crossref_primary_10_1002_bab_2159 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physrep_2020_07_005 crossref_primary_10_1111_bph_15092 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12985_023_01973_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2021_707977 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jocs_2020_101222 crossref_primary_10_1159_000520475 crossref_primary_10_2174_0929867327666200702151018 crossref_primary_10_52396_JUSTC_2022_0020 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphar_2021_710778 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_3c10230 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13662_020_02934_0 crossref_primary_10_1080_21645515_2020_1871295 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_celrep_2022_111284 crossref_primary_10_1080_09720502_2020_1845467 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2021_02_212 crossref_primary_10_1038_s43856_021_00034_y crossref_primary_10_2217_fmb_2020_0120 crossref_primary_10_1590_s1677_5538_ibju_2020_s118 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lfs_2020_118058 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_020_16505_0 crossref_primary_10_1111_jocn_16870 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40794_021_00147_1 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_77547_4 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_29388 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_isci_2022_103743 crossref_primary_10_1099_jmm_0_001191 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41427_020_00275_8 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_10505 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bej_2021_108096 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41392_021_00568_6 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnano_2020_588915 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_28172 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_coi_2022_102178 crossref_primary_10_1017_dmp_2020_83 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10753_021_01519_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sjbs_2020_12_053 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0008676 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_analchem_1c01002 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3751056 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_02147 crossref_primary_10_18006_2021_9_2__117_130 crossref_primary_10_1080_0889311X_2024_2363756 crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_abd5ee crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1177691 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jceh_2020_06_003 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnano_2021_651308 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2020_599757 crossref_primary_10_1002_slct_202201793 crossref_primary_10_1002_jcla_24374 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_28503 crossref_primary_10_4103_jgid_jgid_316_20 crossref_primary_10_1126_scitranslmed_abi9215 crossref_primary_10_1002_cbf_3670 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3576901 crossref_primary_10_1097_JCMA_0000000000000353 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_humimm_2024_111228 crossref_primary_10_1172_jci_insight_151571 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_565730 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2020_560240 crossref_primary_10_1002_rmv_2135 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00038_020_01511_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00404_020_05573_8 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_576622 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2020_1754293 crossref_primary_10_1080_21645515_2022_2100189 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_6692739 crossref_primary_10_1021_acscentsci_0c00742 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2021_01_020 crossref_primary_10_1515_em_2020_0003 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_684152 crossref_primary_10_1177_00207314211017469 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00441_024_03900_y crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0009335 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2021_108086 crossref_primary_10_36691_RJA16991 crossref_primary_10_1080_24725579_2021_1933269 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0263025 crossref_primary_10_2174_2666796701999200621202839 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micpath_2025_107325 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xcrm_2021_100193 crossref_primary_10_1097_JCMA_0000000000000461 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2020_06_213 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bej_2021_108200 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_humimm_2021_07_004 crossref_primary_10_1142_S0218202520500323 crossref_primary_10_1177_11779322211025876 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_021_13823_8 crossref_primary_10_2174_1568026623666230825094341 crossref_primary_10_3390_biology9050107 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vaccine_2020_10_016 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2020_1767210 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_immuni_2020_05_002 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13073_021_00910_1 crossref_primary_10_2174_2666958702101010216 crossref_primary_10_2217_fvl_2020_0269 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40001_021_00609_4 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2023_2173297 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1010652 crossref_primary_10_3923_ajbs_2023_89_102 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2020_01818 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2020_106738 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10753_021_01464_5 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_602196 crossref_primary_10_29252_koomesh_22_3_373 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compbiomed_2022_105272 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2022_109128 crossref_primary_10_1128_JCM_02489_20 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10787_021_00806_x crossref_primary_10_1111_1348_0421_12866 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsnano_1c01845 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbrc_2020_11_060 crossref_primary_10_1002_med_21756 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0238089 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2020_1838329 crossref_primary_10_1080_22221751_2020_1852059 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_020_01526_8 crossref_primary_10_2217_nnm_2020_0247 crossref_primary_10_3390_axioms11070313 crossref_primary_10_1002_rmv_2183 crossref_primary_10_1089_dna_2021_0068 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_medidd_2021_100099 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2020_102911 crossref_primary_10_1080_21645515_2021_1974288 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12967_020_02515_5 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13337_023_00852_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molimm_2022_10_016 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40199_022_00446_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rinp_2021_103881 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13198_024_02293_z crossref_primary_10_1128_JVI_00617_21 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phytol_2024_04_016 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vacun_2023_08_002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micpath_2021_105161 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_587615 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10528_022_10282_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2020_106208 crossref_primary_10_1080_21645515_2020_1804777 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40620_021_01092_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2021_e06836 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2020_1769733 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_610688 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_2001438 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_26254 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2105739118 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijsu_2020_05_018 crossref_primary_10_2196_19782 crossref_primary_10_2196_21613 crossref_primary_10_2217_fvl_2023_0212 crossref_primary_10_3934_nhm_2022008 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsb_2020_04_009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsb_2021_06_016 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11030_020_10134_x crossref_primary_10_2174_1566524021666210223143243 crossref_primary_10_1089_vim_2022_0101 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0009374 crossref_primary_10_1126_sciadv_abg4901 crossref_primary_10_34172_PS_2020_50 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbamcr_2023_119592 crossref_primary_10_22207_JPAM_14_SPL1_26 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0950268820002149 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_analchem_0c02060 crossref_primary_10_1002_bab_2431 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2020_01858 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_28323 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mam_2022_101108 crossref_primary_10_1097_CCE_0000000000000109 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_04717_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addr_2020_12_011 crossref_primary_10_23736_S2724_6329_20_04443_X crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clim_2022_108958 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41541_023_00724_9 crossref_primary_10_1080_08923973_2020_1837867 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_8468303 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2020_106928 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41586_023_06331_x crossref_primary_10_25259_JRHM_51_2020 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41541_020_00237_9 crossref_primary_10_1093_jcde_qwac003 crossref_primary_10_3889_oamjms_2022_9776 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_arcmed_2020_09_010 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_13560_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bsheal_2021_01_003 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2020_1756411 crossref_primary_10_3389_fbinf_2021_709533 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2021_1886991 crossref_primary_10_1096_fj_202000654R crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_693916 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xcrm_2020_100092 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_diabres_2020_108267 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jfma_2021_05_015 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2022_994922 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cels_2020_06_009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2024_131311 crossref_primary_10_2174_1381612829666230717121632 crossref_primary_10_1111_bjh_16597 crossref_primary_10_1111_all_14364 crossref_primary_10_1080_01652176_2020_1766725 crossref_primary_10_1615_CritRevImmunol_2023049920 crossref_primary_10_1111_1745_5871_12669 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addr_2021_02_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jiph_2020_12_025 crossref_primary_10_1111_tan_13956 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_29146 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jchemneu_2020_101874 crossref_primary_10_1039_D1RA02885E crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2021_1932601 crossref_primary_10_7202_1102105ar crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imu_2020_100338 crossref_primary_10_1093_bib_bbad264 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2020_00480 crossref_primary_10_1080_16583655_2021_1944488 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijid_2020_12_014 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijid_2021_09_021 crossref_primary_10_3103_S0096392522040125 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejca_2021_03_033 crossref_primary_10_3389_frai_2020_00065 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_microc_2020_105606 crossref_primary_10_1080_21655979_2022_2060453 crossref_primary_10_1002_jcp_29771 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40203_022_00128_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s00203_020_01998_6 crossref_primary_10_1128_JCM_01694_20 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epidem_2023_100706 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00011_022_01543_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00253_022_11988_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micinf_2020_04_002 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0236003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejphar_2020_173751 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trsl_2021_02_006 crossref_primary_10_1080_00365513_2021_1892817 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_804945 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biosx_2023_100324 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40359_021_00643_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10916_021_01757_0 crossref_primary_10_2147_RMHP_S284313 crossref_primary_10_1080_21645515_2020_1788310 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11033_022_07724_3 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsinfecdis_1c00410 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_50501_w crossref_primary_10_1080_03639045_2021_1908343 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jproteome_0c00553 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12967_020_02364_2 crossref_primary_10_4236_jbm_2021_911008 crossref_primary_10_22207_JPAM_16_1_37 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00259_020_04848_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12038_020_00114_6 crossref_primary_10_1136_postgradmedj_2020_138234 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2020_07_117 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sjbs_2023_103561 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2020_1801510 crossref_primary_10_1080_08820139_2020_1825480 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_medj_2021_02_001 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13287_022_02944_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vaccine_2021_01_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lfs_2020_118923 crossref_primary_10_1080_21645515_2020_1823777 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imu_2020_100442 crossref_primary_10_3389_fvets_2022_920087 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2020_106455 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lfs_2020_117836 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_78758_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amjms_2021_11_001 crossref_primary_10_1080_25785826_2020_1870305 crossref_primary_10_1088_1612_202X_ac0bc5 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11192_023_04747_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vacune_2024_02_013 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jrid_2020_07_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2021_104823 crossref_primary_10_31083_j_fbl2905196 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopha_2022_113499 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_70812_6 crossref_primary_10_1093_database_baad065 crossref_primary_10_1002_hep4_1600 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11033_021_06630_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vaccine_2022_11_031 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjph_2024_001125 crossref_primary_10_1007_s43440_020_00155_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2021_577746 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11468_025_02885_w crossref_primary_10_4014_jmb_2006_06006 crossref_primary_10_1210_jendso_bvaa130 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_025_57149_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compbiolchem_2021_107563 crossref_primary_10_1002_iid3_748 crossref_primary_10_1080_21645515_2020_1810496 crossref_primary_10_1093_bib_bbab045 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmgm_2020_107697 crossref_primary_10_2174_2772434418666221114113036 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2021_1872418 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2022_2072951 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2020_1848634 crossref_primary_10_21015_vtcs_v9i1_1000 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compbiomed_2021_104420 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_561851 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_579250 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2020_102885 crossref_primary_10_1126_scitranslmed_abl9605 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3588991 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2020_610682 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_carpta_2021_100052 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_757418 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_78711_6 crossref_primary_10_18678_dtfd_890089 crossref_primary_10_18678_dtfd_856165 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0252849 crossref_primary_10_33715_inonusaglik_747766 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2021_103700 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micinf_2020_05_005 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_595970 crossref_primary_10_1186_s41231_021_00093_2 crossref_primary_10_1111_cbdd_13898 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_8893483 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2020_104646 crossref_primary_10_4018_JGIM_294578 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpha_2021_03_012 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10389_023_02053_6 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_7079356 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_26545 crossref_primary_10_5812_pedinfect_104266 crossref_primary_10_1111_tbed_13834 crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_8874339 crossref_primary_10_2217_fvl_2023_0089 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00018_020_03580_1 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41596_020_0358_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_00932 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cellsig_2022_110559 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphar_2022_989664 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jiph_2020_12_006 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2021_701501 crossref_primary_10_1128_JVI_00510_20 crossref_primary_10_1002_anie_202002979 crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_6693909 crossref_primary_10_1142_S0218202521020024 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmolb_2020_00120 crossref_primary_10_1093_abt_tbac011 crossref_primary_10_2174_1386207324666210712092649 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2021_765039 crossref_primary_10_1111_aji_13308 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz524 10.1093/nar/gkr859 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 10.1073/pnas.1708727114 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30184-7 10.1074/jbc.M600697200 10.1101/2020.02.19.956581 10.1101/2020.01.22.915660 10.1038/nature02463 10.1073/pnas.1105315108 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.11.022 10.1088/1361-6633/aa574a 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.063 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.006 10.4049/jimmunol.181.8.5490 10.1089/cmb.2014.0156 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007236 10.1038/sj.cr.7290158 10.1016/j.virol.2006.03.036 10.1128/CDLI.11.1.227-228.2004 10.1073/pnas.0701000104 10.1038/nm.2972 10.1038/s41467-019-14174-2 10.1074/jbc.M603275200 10.1080/22221751.2020.1729069 10.1101/2020.01.29.924100 10.1101/2020.01.31.929042 10.1093/molbev/mst010 10.1093/sysbio/sys062 10.1128/JVI.03812-13 10.1073/pnas.1717765115 10.1093/nar/gky1006 10.1128/JVI.01505-14 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030525 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.028 10.1038/s41467-019-09819-1 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003776 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9 10.1038/s41586-020-2951-z 10.1373/clinchem.2003.023184 10.1126/science.1116480 10.1101/307033 10.1101/2020.01.29.925867 10.4049/jimmunol.0903490 10.1007/s00705-009-0409-6 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2020 by the authors. 2020 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2020 by the authors. 2020 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.3390/v12030254 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic CrossRef MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology |
| EISSN | 1999-4915 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_68a08c7e97a14bcb83079c102f8b81d1 PMC7150947 32106567 10_3390_v12030254 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee grantid: 16204519 |
| GroupedDBID | --- 2WC 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ A8Z AADQD AAFWJ AAHBH AAYXX ABDBF ABUWG ACUHS AFKRA AFPKN AFZYC ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BBNVY BENPR BHPHI BPHCQ BVXVI CCPQU CITATION DIK E3Z EBD ESX FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HMCUK HYE IAO IHR KQ8 LK8 M1P M48 M7P MODMG M~E O5R O5S OK1 PGMZT PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RPM TR2 TUS UKHRP 3V. CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 PPXIY PQGLB 5PM PJZUB PUEGO |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c507t-22f3b4a96c3697037b932a2f268a141351a2d2fdd745c78f7d6de02bad6a3bf83 |
| IEDL.DBID | M48 |
| ISSN | 1999-4915 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 01:26:46 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 18:06:44 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 03:20:40 EDT 2025 Wed Feb 19 02:05:38 EST 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:56:23 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:48:09 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 3 |
| Keywords | B cell epitopes COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine Coronavirus T cell epitopes 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV MERS-CoV 2019-nCoV |
| Language | English |
| License | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c507t-22f3b4a96c3697037b932a2f268a141351a2d2fdd745c78f7d6de02bad6a3bf83 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally to this work. |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6086-0307 0000-0002-5295-9067 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.3390/v12030254 |
| PMID | 32106567 |
| PQID | 2369426312 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_68a08c7e97a14bcb83079c102f8b81d1 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7150947 proquest_miscellaneous_2369426312 pubmed_primary_32106567 crossref_primary_10_3390_v12030254 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_v12030254 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20200225 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-02-25 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 2 year: 2020 text: 20200225 day: 25 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Switzerland |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Switzerland |
| PublicationTitle | Viruses |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Viruses |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | MDPI MDPI AG |
| Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI – name: MDPI AG |
| References | Peng (ref_22) 2006; 351 ref_14 ref_13 ref_11 ref_55 ref_10 ref_54 Channappanavar (ref_27) 2014; 88 Quadeer (ref_36) 2014; 88 Fan (ref_23) 2009; 154 Graham (ref_17) 2012; 18 ref_16 Lu (ref_12) 2020; 6736 Quadeer (ref_53) 2020; 11 Ng (ref_24) 2016; 34 Tian (ref_48) 2020; 9 Vita (ref_30) 2019; 47 Walls (ref_45) 2017; 114 Heymann (ref_7) 2020; 395 Liu (ref_20) 2004; 11 Prabakaran (ref_39) 2006; 281 Yang (ref_15) 2004; 428 Mirarab (ref_31) 2015; 22 Wrapp (ref_47) 2020; 2011 Katoh (ref_28) 2013; 30 Walls (ref_44) 2019; 176 Li (ref_34) 2005; 309 Ferguson (ref_49) 2013; 38 ref_33 Lin (ref_18) 2003; 13 ref_38 Li (ref_26) 2008; 181 Tang (ref_21) 2011; 186 Wang (ref_19) 2003; 49 Wang (ref_1) 2020; 395 Louie (ref_52) 2018; 115 Chakraborty (ref_50) 2017; 80 Hwang (ref_41) 2006; 281 ref_46 ref_43 ref_42 Liu (ref_25) 2017; 137 ref_3 ref_2 Huang (ref_6) 2020; 395 Ahmed (ref_37) 2019; 35 ref_9 ref_8 Dahirel (ref_35) 2011; 108 Zhu (ref_40) 2007; 104 ref_5 ref_4 Huson (ref_32) 2012; 61 Pickett (ref_29) 2012; 40 Quadeer (ref_51) 2019; 10 |
| References_xml | – volume: 35 start-page: 3884 year: 2019 ident: ref_37 article-title: Sub-dominant principal components inform new vaccine targets for HIV Gag publication-title: Bioinformatics doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz524 – ident: ref_5 – volume: 40 start-page: D593 year: 2012 ident: ref_29 article-title: ViPR: An open bioinformatics database and analysis resource for virology research publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr859 – volume: 395 start-page: 497 year: 2020 ident: ref_6 article-title: Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 – volume: 114 start-page: 11157 year: 2017 ident: ref_45 article-title: Tectonic conformational changes of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein promote membrane fusion publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1708727114 – volume: 395 start-page: 469 year: 2020 ident: ref_7 article-title: Data sharing and outbreaks: Best practice exemplified publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30184-7 – volume: 281 start-page: 15829 year: 2006 ident: ref_39 article-title: Structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor-binding domain complexed with neutralizing antibody publication-title: J. Biol. Chem. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M600697200 – ident: ref_42 – ident: ref_43 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.19.956581 – ident: ref_13 doi: 10.1101/2020.01.22.915660 – volume: 428 start-page: 561 year: 2004 ident: ref_15 article-title: A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature02463 – volume: 108 start-page: 11530 year: 2011 ident: ref_35 article-title: Coordinate linkage of HIV evolution reveals regions of immunological vulnerability publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1105315108 – volume: 38 start-page: 606 year: 2013 ident: ref_49 article-title: Translating HIV sequences into quantitative fitness landscapes predicts viral vulnerabilities for rational immunogen design publication-title: Immunity doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.11.022 – ident: ref_4 – volume: 80 start-page: 032601 year: 2017 ident: ref_50 article-title: Rational design of vaccine targets and strategies for HIV: A crossroad of statistical physics, biology, and medicine publication-title: Reports Prog. Phys. doi: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa574a – volume: 34 start-page: 2008 year: 2016 ident: ref_24 article-title: Memory T cell responses targeting the SARS coronavirus persist up to 11 years post-infection publication-title: Vaccine doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.063 – volume: 137 start-page: 82 year: 2017 ident: ref_25 article-title: T-cell immunity of SARS-CoV: Implications for vaccine development against MERS-CoV publication-title: Antiviral Res. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.006 – ident: ref_10 – volume: 181 start-page: 5490 year: 2008 ident: ref_26 article-title: T cell responses to whole SARS coronavirus in humans publication-title: J. Immunol. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.8.5490 – volume: 22 start-page: 377 year: 2015 ident: ref_31 article-title: PASTA: Ultra-large multiple sequence alignment for nucleotide and amino-acid sequences publication-title: J. Comput. Biol. doi: 10.1089/cmb.2014.0156 – ident: ref_46 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007236 – volume: 13 start-page: 141 year: 2003 ident: ref_18 article-title: Identification of an epitope of SARS-coronavirus nucleocapsid protein publication-title: Cell Res. doi: 10.1038/sj.cr.7290158 – volume: 351 start-page: 466 year: 2006 ident: ref_22 article-title: Long-lived memory T lymphocyte responses against SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in SARS-recovered patients publication-title: Virology doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.03.036 – volume: 11 start-page: 227 year: 2004 ident: ref_20 article-title: Profile of antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus in probable SARS patients publication-title: Clin. Vaccine Immunol. doi: 10.1128/CDLI.11.1.227-228.2004 – volume: 104 start-page: 12123 year: 2007 ident: ref_40 article-title: Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0701000104 – volume: 18 start-page: 1820 year: 2012 ident: ref_17 article-title: A live, impaired-fidelity coronavirus vaccine protects in an aged, immunocompromised mouse model of lethal disease publication-title: Nat. Med. doi: 10.1038/nm.2972 – ident: ref_3 – volume: 11 start-page: 377 year: 2020 ident: ref_53 article-title: Deconvolving mutational patterns of poliovirus outbreaks reveals its intrinsic fitness landscape publication-title: Nat. Commun. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-14174-2 – ident: ref_11 – volume: 281 start-page: 34610 year: 2006 ident: ref_41 article-title: Structural basis of neutralization by a human anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome spike protein antibody, 80R publication-title: J. Biol. Chem. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M603275200 – volume: 9 start-page: 382 year: 2020 ident: ref_48 article-title: Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody publication-title: Emerg. Microbes Infect. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1729069 – ident: ref_8 doi: 10.1101/2020.01.29.924100 – ident: ref_14 doi: 10.1101/2020.01.31.929042 – volume: 30 start-page: 772 year: 2013 ident: ref_28 article-title: MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability publication-title: Mol. Biol. Evol. doi: 10.1093/molbev/mst010 – volume: 6736 start-page: 1 year: 2020 ident: ref_12 article-title: Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding publication-title: Lancet – volume: 61 start-page: 1061 year: 2012 ident: ref_32 article-title: Dendroscope 3: An interactive tool for rooted phylogenetic trees and networks publication-title: Syst. Biol. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/sys062 – volume: 88 start-page: 7628 year: 2014 ident: ref_36 article-title: Statistical linkage analysis of substitutions in patient-derived sequences of genotype 1a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3 exposes targets for immunogen design publication-title: J. Virol. doi: 10.1128/JVI.03812-13 – volume: 115 start-page: E564 year: 2018 ident: ref_52 article-title: Fitness landscape of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein that is targeted by antibodies publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1717765115 – volume: 47 start-page: D339 year: 2019 ident: ref_30 article-title: The immune epitope database (IEDB): 2018 update publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res. doi: 10.1093/nar/gky1006 – volume: 88 start-page: 11034 year: 2014 ident: ref_27 article-title: Virus-specific memory CD8 T cells provide substantial protection from lethal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection publication-title: J. Virol. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01505-14 – ident: ref_16 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030525 – volume: 176 start-page: 1026 year: 2019 ident: ref_44 article-title: Unexpected receptor functional mimicry elucidates activation of coronavirus fusion publication-title: Cell doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.028 – volume: 10 start-page: 2073 year: 2019 ident: ref_51 article-title: Identifying immunologically-vulnerable regions of the HCV E2 glycoprotein and broadly neutralizing antibodies that target them publication-title: Nat. Commun. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09819-1 – ident: ref_54 doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003776 – ident: ref_33 – ident: ref_2 – volume: 395 start-page: 470 year: 2020 ident: ref_1 article-title: A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9 – ident: ref_9 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2951-z – volume: 49 start-page: 1989 year: 2003 ident: ref_19 article-title: Assessment of immunoreactive synthetic peptides from the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus publication-title: Clin. Chem. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2003.023184 – volume: 309 start-page: 1864 year: 2005 ident: ref_34 article-title: Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor publication-title: Science. doi: 10.1126/science.1116480 – ident: ref_38 doi: 10.1101/307033 – ident: ref_55 doi: 10.1101/2020.01.29.925867 – volume: 186 start-page: 7264 year: 2011 ident: ref_21 article-title: Lack of peripheral memory B cell responses in recovered patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: A six-year follow-up study publication-title: J. Immunol. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903490 – volume: 154 start-page: 1093 year: 2009 ident: ref_23 article-title: Characterization of SARS-CoV-specific memory T cells from recovered individuals 4 years after infection publication-title: Arch. Virol. doi: 10.1007/s00705-009-0409-6 – volume: 2011 start-page: eabb2507 year: 2020 ident: ref_47 article-title: Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation publication-title: Science. |
| SSID | ssj0066907 |
| Score | 2.6789696 |
| Snippet | The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source |
| StartPage | 254 |
| SubjectTerms | 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-ncov b cell epitopes Betacoronavirus - genetics Betacoronavirus - immunology coronavirus Coronavirus Infections - prevention & control Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Epitope Mapping Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte - genetics Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte - immunology Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - genetics Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - immunology Genome, Viral Humans mers-cov Nucleocapsid Proteins - genetics Nucleocapsid Proteins - immunology Phosphoproteins Phylogeny Pneumonia, Viral - prevention & control Protein Structure, Tertiary sars-cov SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus - genetics Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus - immunology Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology t cell epitopes vaccine Viral Vaccines - immunology |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1La9wwEBYlUOil9F2naVFLD-lBxJJtST4m24ak0DY0yZKbGUsWCQQ77COQn5B_3RnLXrIh0EuusrDFzEjzjTXzDWNfJejUlHUhnHRe5MZLYcvghUmDLxSETPd1a79-64PT_OdZcXan1RflhEV64Ci4HW0htc40pQGZ1662aJSlQ7cYbI1Yqw980OeNwVQ8gzXFfJFHKMOgfudaKjRmVeRr3qcn6X8IWd5PkLzjcfZfsOcDVOS7cYkv2ZOmfcWexuaRN6_Z7dGsuex7cs1ueKy3DcMPON4FftQtaAhfMAVHt-f8pE_6nnOEqRxhH5_8mR5-F7LkE2IxgOuL2XLOt493_x6LSTcV6hvfQxfnOb5vHOSHVE4ynpd8SEJ8w073f5xMDsTQWEE4hH8LoVTI6hxK7TJd4pY3NaI4UEGhsGVOPftAeRW8N3nhjA3Ga9-kqgavIauDzd6yjbZrm_eMW49HBABdD0KOUADASkgL1diSsKZP2PYo8MoNrOPU_OKywuiDdFOtdJOwL6upV5Fq46FJe6S11QRix-4H0GaqwWaq_9lMwj6POq9wN9EVCbRNt5xXCgVCFPZSJexdtIHVp6jaCdGvSZhZs461taw_aS_Oe8ZuI4mn0Gw-xuI_sGeKYn4qqy-22MZitmw-IjBa1J_6PfAPGV0KmQ priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Title | Preliminary Identification of Potential Vaccine Targets for the COVID-19 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Based on SARS-CoV Immunological Studies |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32106567 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2369426312 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7150947 https://doaj.org/article/68a08c7e97a14bcb83079c102f8b81d1 |
| Volume | 12 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Jb9QwFLa6CIkLYm9YRgZxKAdD7Cx2Dgh1hpYWqWXUdkZzixw7hkqjBDIzFfMT-Ne8l00MmgOXHBxn8_PyvTy_7yPkDdexL5MsYoYby0JpOVOJs0z6zkZCuyCu89bOL-LTSfhlFs12SKex2TbgYqtrh3pSk2r-7tfP9UcY8B_Q4wSX_f0tF9BVwdPZJfuwIEkUMjgP-2BCjA5gHVxOUFCNRw3B0OalG8tSzd6_DXL-u3Pyr6Xo5D6512JIetQY_QHZyYuH5E6jKrl-RH6Pq3xei3VVa9ok4rr2zxwtHR2XSyyCG0y1wbA6va53gy8o4FcKeJCOvk7PPjGe0BHSG-jbm2q1oIdXR5dXbFROmXhLh7D2WQr36wrpGeaZdBMpbXcnPiaTk-Pr0SlrFReYAVy4ZEK4IAt1EpsgTmAukBnAOy2ciJXmIYr5aWGFs1aGkZHKSRvb3BeZtrEOMqeCJ2SvKIv8gFBlYe7QGuOGOgSMoLXi2o9ErhIEodYjh12Dp6alI0dVjHkKbgnaJu1t45HXfdUfDQfHtkpDtFpfAWmz64Ky-pa2ozCFz_CVkTm8Ew8zkymY4RIDGMupDIA798irzuYpDDOMnegiL1eLVECDILc9Fx552vSB_lGYBgWwWHpEbvSOjXfZPFPcfK-pvCVHAkP57H--8Dm5K9DZx3z66AXZW1ar_CUgomU2ILtyJgdkf3h8Mb4c1P8V4Ph5xgf1SPgDFxMLfw |
| linkProvider | Scholars Portal |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Preliminary+Identification+of+Potential+Vaccine+Targets+for+the+COVID-19+Coronavirus+%28SARS-CoV-2%29+Based+on+SARS-CoV+Immunological+Studies&rft.jtitle=Viruses&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Syed+Faraz&rft.au=Quadeer%2C+Ahmed+A.&rft.au=McKay%2C+Matthew+R.&rft.date=2020-02-25&rft.issn=1999-4915&rft.eissn=1999-4915&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=254&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fv12030254&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3390_v12030254 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon |