All-trans retinoic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in bovine adipocytes via TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway

• Published in: BMC veterinary research Vol. 15; no. 1; p. 48
• Main Authors: Xu, Qiushi, Jia, Hongdou, Ma, Li, Liu, Guowen, Xu, Chuang, Li, Ying, Li, Xinwei, Li, Xiaobing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central 01.02.2019; BMC
• Subjects: Acids; Adipocytes; Adipose tissue; All-trans retinoic acid; Bovine adipocytes; Cattle; Cytokines; dairy cows; Gene expression; Growth factors; Immunomodulation; immunomodulators; Inflammation; Inflammatory responses; Kinases; Lipids; Lipopolysaccharides; metabolic diseases; Metabolic disorders; Metabolites; Retinoic acid; Rodents; Signal transduction; Smad3 protein; Stem cells; TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling; therapeutics; transforming growth factor beta 1; Transforming growth factor-b1; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Vitamin A; Bovine adipocytes; Inflammatory responses; All-trans retinoic acid; TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling

Dairy cows with metabolic disorder in peripartal period display high inflammatory levels. Adipose tissue is a major endocrine organ, which is closely related to systemic inflammation. Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, has shown potential therapeutic immunomodulatory properties....