VO2max Trainability and High Intensity Interval Training in Humans: A Meta-Analysis

Endurance exercise training studies frequently show modest changes in VO2max with training and very limited responses in some subjects. By contrast, studies using interval training (IT) or combined IT and continuous training (CT) have reported mean increases in VO2max of up to ~1.0 L · min(-1). This...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 8; no. 9; p. e73182
Main Authors Bacon, Andrew P., Carter, Rickey E., Ogle, Eric A., Joyner, Michael J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 16.09.2013
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Adolescent
Adult
Anesthesiology
Endurance
Exercise
Exercise - physiology
Fatigue tests
Female
Fitness training programs
Heart rate
Heterogeneity
Humans
Hypotheses
Male
Medical ethics
Mens health
Meta-analysis
Metabolism
Musculoskeletal system
Oxygen consumption
Oxygen Consumption - physiology
Physical fitness
Physical training
Physiology
Statistical analysis
Studies
Training
Young Adult
United States > US
Minnesota
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Endurance exercise training studies frequently show modest changes in VO2max with training and very limited responses in some subjects. By contrast, studies using interval training (IT) or combined IT and continuous training (CT) have reported mean increases in VO2max of up to ~1.0 L · min(-1). This raises questions about the role of exercise intensity and the trainability of VO2max. To address this topic we analyzed IT and IT/CT studies published in English from 1965-2012. Inclusion criteria were: 1)≥ 3 healthy sedentary/recreationally active humans <45 yrs old, 2) training duration 6-13 weeks, 3) ≥ 3 days/week, 4) ≥ 10 minutes of high intensity work, 5) ≥ 1:1 work/rest ratio, and 6) results reported as mean ± SD or SE, ranges of change, or individual data. Due to heterogeneity (I(2) value of 70), statistical synthesis of the data used a random effects model. The summary statistic of interest was the change in VO2max. A total of 334 subjects (120 women) from 37 studies were identified. Participants were grouped into 40 distinct training groups, so the unit of analysis was 40 rather than 37. An increase in VO2max of 0.51 L · min(-1) (95% CI: 0.43 to 0.60 L · min(-1)) was observed. A subset of 9 studies, with 72 subjects, that featured longer intervals showed even larger (~0.8-0.9 L · min(-1)) changes in VO2max with evidence of a marked response in all subjects. These results suggest that ideas about trainability and VO2max should be further evaluated with standardized IT or IT/CT training programs.
AbstractList Endurance exercise training studies frequently show modest changes in VO 2 max with training and very limited responses in some subjects. By contrast, studies using interval training (IT) or combined IT and continuous training (CT) have reported mean increases in VO 2 max of up to ∼1.0 L · min −1 . This raises questions about the role of exercise intensity and the trainability of VO 2 max. To address this topic we analyzed IT and IT/CT studies published in English from 1965–2012. Inclusion criteria were: 1)≥3 healthy sedentary/recreationally active humans <45 yrs old, 2) training duration 6–13 weeks, 3) ≥3 days/week, 4) ≥10 minutes of high intensity work, 5) ≥1∶1 work/rest ratio, and 6) results reported as mean ± SD or SE, ranges of change, or individual data. Due to heterogeneity (I 2 value of 70), statistical synthesis of the data used a random effects model. The summary statistic of interest was the change in VO 2 max. A total of 334 subjects (120 women) from 37 studies were identified. Participants were grouped into 40 distinct training groups, so the unit of analysis was 40 rather than 37. An increase in VO 2 max of 0.51 L ·min −1 (95% CI: 0.43 to 0.60 L · min −1 ) was observed. A subset of 9 studies, with 72 subjects, that featured longer intervals showed even larger (∼0.8–0.9 L · min −1 ) changes in VO 2 max with evidence of a marked response in all subjects. These results suggest that ideas about trainability and VO 2 max should be further evaluated with standardized IT or IT/CT training programs.
Endurance exercise training studies frequently show modest changes in VO2max with training and very limited responses in some subjects. By contrast, studies using interval training (IT) or combined IT and continuous training (CT) have reported mean increases in VO2max of up to ~1.0 L · min(-1). This raises questions about the role of exercise intensity and the trainability of VO2max. To address this topic we analyzed IT and IT/CT studies published in English from 1965-2012. Inclusion criteria were: 1)≥ 3 healthy sedentary/recreationally active humans <45 yrs old, 2) training duration 6-13 weeks, 3) ≥ 3 days/week, 4) ≥ 10 minutes of high intensity work, 5) ≥ 1:1 work/rest ratio, and 6) results reported as mean ± SD or SE, ranges of change, or individual data. Due to heterogeneity (I(2) value of 70), statistical synthesis of the data used a random effects model. The summary statistic of interest was the change in VO2max. A total of 334 subjects (120 women) from 37 studies were identified. Participants were grouped into 40 distinct training groups, so the unit of analysis was 40 rather than 37. An increase in VO2max of 0.51 L · min(-1) (95% CI: 0.43 to 0.60 L · min(-1)) was observed. A subset of 9 studies, with 72 subjects, that featured longer intervals showed even larger (~0.8-0.9 L · min(-1)) changes in VO2max with evidence of a marked response in all subjects. These results suggest that ideas about trainability and VO2max should be further evaluated with standardized IT or IT/CT training programs.Endurance exercise training studies frequently show modest changes in VO2max with training and very limited responses in some subjects. By contrast, studies using interval training (IT) or combined IT and continuous training (CT) have reported mean increases in VO2max of up to ~1.0 L · min(-1). This raises questions about the role of exercise intensity and the trainability of VO2max. To address this topic we analyzed IT and IT/CT studies published in English from 1965-2012. Inclusion criteria were: 1)≥ 3 healthy sedentary/recreationally active humans <45 yrs old, 2) training duration 6-13 weeks, 3) ≥ 3 days/week, 4) ≥ 10 minutes of high intensity work, 5) ≥ 1:1 work/rest ratio, and 6) results reported as mean ± SD or SE, ranges of change, or individual data. Due to heterogeneity (I(2) value of 70), statistical synthesis of the data used a random effects model. The summary statistic of interest was the change in VO2max. A total of 334 subjects (120 women) from 37 studies were identified. Participants were grouped into 40 distinct training groups, so the unit of analysis was 40 rather than 37. An increase in VO2max of 0.51 L · min(-1) (95% CI: 0.43 to 0.60 L · min(-1)) was observed. A subset of 9 studies, with 72 subjects, that featured longer intervals showed even larger (~0.8-0.9 L · min(-1)) changes in VO2max with evidence of a marked response in all subjects. These results suggest that ideas about trainability and VO2max should be further evaluated with standardized IT or IT/CT training programs.
Endurance exercise training studies frequently show modest changes in VO2max with training and very limited responses in some subjects. By contrast, studies using interval training (IT) or combined IT and continuous training (CT) have reported mean increases in VO2max of up to ∼1.0 L · min−1. This raises questions about the role of exercise intensity and the trainability of VO2max. To address this topic we analyzed IT and IT/CT studies published in English from 1965–2012. Inclusion criteria were: 1)≥3 healthy sedentary/recreationally active humans <45 yrs old, 2) training duration 6–13 weeks, 3) ≥3 days/week, 4) ≥10 minutes of high intensity work, 5) ≥1∶1 work/rest ratio, and 6) results reported as mean ± SD or SE, ranges of change, or individual data. Due to heterogeneity (I2 value of 70), statistical synthesis of the data used a random effects model. The summary statistic of interest was the change in VO2max. A total of 334 subjects (120 women) from 37 studies were identified. Participants were grouped into 40 distinct training groups, so the unit of analysis was 40 rather than 37. An increase in VO2max of 0.51 L ·min−1 (95% CI: 0.43 to 0.60 L · min−1) was observed. A subset of 9 studies, with 72 subjects, that featured longer intervals showed even larger (∼0.8–0.9 L · min−1) changes in VO2max with evidence of a marked response in all subjects. These results suggest that ideas about trainability and VO2max should be further evaluated with standardized IT or IT/CT training programs.
Endurance exercise training studies frequently show modest changes in VO2max with training and very limited responses in some subjects. By contrast, studies using interval training (IT) or combined IT and continuous training (CT) have reported mean increases in VO2max of up to ~1.0 L · min(-1). This raises questions about the role of exercise intensity and the trainability of VO2max. To address this topic we analyzed IT and IT/CT studies published in English from 1965-2012. Inclusion criteria were: 1)≥ 3 healthy sedentary/recreationally active humans <45 yrs old, 2) training duration 6-13 weeks, 3) ≥ 3 days/week, 4) ≥ 10 minutes of high intensity work, 5) ≥ 1:1 work/rest ratio, and 6) results reported as mean ± SD or SE, ranges of change, or individual data. Due to heterogeneity (I(2) value of 70), statistical synthesis of the data used a random effects model. The summary statistic of interest was the change in VO2max. A total of 334 subjects (120 women) from 37 studies were identified. Participants were grouped into 40 distinct training groups, so the unit of analysis was 40 rather than 37. An increase in VO2max of 0.51 L · min(-1) (95% CI: 0.43 to 0.60 L · min(-1)) was observed. A subset of 9 studies, with 72 subjects, that featured longer intervals showed even larger (~0.8-0.9 L · min(-1)) changes in VO2max with evidence of a marked response in all subjects. These results suggest that ideas about trainability and VO2max should be further evaluated with standardized IT or IT/CT training programs.
Author Ogle, Eric A.
Joyner, Michael J.
Carter, Rickey E.
Bacon, Andrew P.
AuthorAffiliation 3 Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
1 Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
2 Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
University of Bath, United Kingdom
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: University of Bath, United Kingdom
– name: 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
– name: 3 Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
– name: 2 Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Andrew P.
  surname: Bacon
  fullname: Bacon, Andrew P.
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Rickey E.
  surname: Carter
  fullname: Carter, Rickey E.
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Eric A.
  surname: Ogle
  fullname: Ogle, Eric A.
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Michael J.
  surname: Joyner
  fullname: Joyner, Michael J.
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24066036$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Conceived and designed the experiments: MJJ. Performed the experiments: APB REC EAO MJJ. Analyzed the data: APB REC EAO MJJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: APB REC EAO MJJ. Wrote the paper: APB REC MJJ.
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Snippet Endurance exercise training studies frequently show modest changes in VO2max with training and very limited responses in some subjects. By contrast, studies...
Endurance exercise training studies frequently show modest changes in VO 2 max with training and very limited responses in some subjects. By contrast, studies...
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SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Anesthesiology
Endurance
Exercise
Exercise - physiology
Fatigue tests
Female
Fitness training programs
Heart rate
Heterogeneity
Humans
Hypotheses
Male
Medical ethics
Mens health
Meta-analysis
Metabolism
Musculoskeletal system
Oxygen consumption
Oxygen Consumption - physiology
Physical fitness
Physical training
Physiology
Statistical analysis
Studies
Training
Young Adult
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Title VO2max Trainability and High Intensity Interval Training in Humans: A Meta-Analysis
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073182
Volume 8
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