Biomacromolecules in recent phosphate-shelled brachiopods: identification and characterization of chitin matrix

Phosphate-shelled brachiopods differ in filter-feeding lifestyle, with Lingula anatina an active infaunal burrower, and Discinisca tenuis a shallow marine epibenthic animal. The shells of these animals are built of organophosphatic constituents, the organic fibres/sheets reinforced with calcium phos...

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Published inJournal of materials science Vol. 56; no. 36; pp. 19884 - 19898
Main Authors Agbaje, Oluwatoosin B. A., Brock, Glenn A., Zhang, Zhifei, Duru, Kingsley C., Liang, Yue, George, Simon C., Holmer, Lars E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Springer US 01.12.2021
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Analysis
animals
biocompatible materials
Biological products
Biomedical materials
Biopolymers
Calcium phosphate
Calcium phosphates
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Chitin
Classical Mechanics
Composites & Nanocomposites
Crystallography and Scattering Methods
Earth Science with specialization in Historical Geology and Palaeontology
Geovetenskap med inriktning mot historisk geologi och paleontologi
Gravimetric analysis
lifestyle
Marine animals
Marine environment
Materials Science
Organic fibers
Polymer Sciences
Polysaccharides
Sheets
Shells
Solid Mechanics
spectral analysis
Spectroscopic analysis
spectroscopy
thermogravimetry
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0022-2461
1573-4803
1573-4803
DOI10.1007/s10853-021-06487-9

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Abstract Phosphate-shelled brachiopods differ in filter-feeding lifestyle, with Lingula anatina an active infaunal burrower, and Discinisca tenuis a shallow marine epibenthic animal. The shells of these animals are built of organophosphatic constituents, the organic fibres/sheets reinforced with calcium phosphate to provide a sophisticated ultrastructural robustness. This investigation examined the nature of the organic fibres in order to improve understanding of how living organisms produce hierarchically structured biomaterials. Unlike powdered samples commonly used in previous studies, organic fibres were isolated for the first time and the shell fractions were purified, in order to study the content and nature of the biopolymer fibres. Biochemical methods including Calcofluor staining revealed a chitin matrix. Ultrastructural analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and spectroscopic analyses show that the core polysaccharide framework is composed of layers of β -chitin sheets and/or fibrils that are coated with a fibrous organic matrix. There is more chitin matrix in the L. anatina shells (26.6 wt.%) compared to the D. tenuis shells (12.9 wt.%). Taken together, the data show that the chitin matrix contributes to increased skeletal strength, making L. anatina highly adapted for life as an active burrower. In comparison, D. tenuis contains less chitin and lives as attached epibenthos in a shallow marine environment. Graphical abstract First spectroscopic evidence of β-chitin sheets in recent organophosphatic brachiopods
AbstractList Phosphate-shelled brachiopods differ in filter-feeding lifestyle, with Lingula anatina an active infaunal burrower, and Discinisca tenuis a shallow marine epibenthic animal. The shells of these animals are built of organophosphatic constituents, the organic fibres/sheets reinforced with calcium phosphate to provide a sophisticated ultrastructural robustness. This investigation examined the nature of the organic fibres in order to improve understanding of how living organisms produce hierarchically structured biomaterials. Unlike powdered samples commonly used in previous studies, organic fibres were isolated for the first time and the shell fractions were purified, in order to study the content and nature of the biopolymer fibres. Biochemical methods including Calcofluor staining revealed a chitin matrix. Ultrastructural analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and spectroscopic analyses show that the core polysaccharide framework is composed of layers of β-chitin sheets and/or fibrils that are coated with a fibrous organic matrix. There is more chitin matrix in the L. anatina shells (26.6 wt.%) compared to the D. tenuis shells (12.9 wt.%). Taken together, the data show that the chitin matrix contributes to increased skeletal strength, making L. anatina highly adapted for life as an active burrower. In comparison, D. tenuis contains less chitin and lives as attached epibenthos in a shallow marine environment.First spectroscopic evidence of β-chitin sheets in recent organophosphatic brachiopods
Phosphate-shelled brachiopods differ in filter-feeding lifestyle, with Lingula anatina an active infaunal burrower, and Discinisca tenuis a shallow marine epibenthic animal. The shells of these animals are built of organophosphatic constituents, the organic fibres/sheets reinforced with calcium phosphate to provide a sophisticated ultrastructural robustness. This investigation examined the nature of the organic fibres in order to improve understanding of how living organisms produce hierarchically structured biomaterials. Unlike powdered samples commonly used in previous studies, organic fibres were isolated for the first time and the shell fractions were purified, in order to study the content and nature of the biopolymer fibres. Biochemical methods including Calcofluor staining revealed a chitin matrix. Ultrastructural analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and spectroscopic analyses show that the core polysaccharide framework is composed of layers of [beta]-chitin sheets and/or fibrils that are coated with a fibrous organic matrix. There is more chitin matrix in the L. anatina shells (26.6 wt.%) compared to the D. tenuis shells (12.9 wt.%). Taken together, the data show that the chitin matrix contributes to increased skeletal strength, making L. anatina highly adapted for life as an active burrower. In comparison, D. tenuis contains less chitin and lives as attached epibenthos in a shallow marine environment.
Phosphate-shelled brachiopods differ in filter-feeding lifestyle, with Lingula anatina an active infaunal burrower, and Discinisca tenuis a shallow marine epibenthic animal. The shells of these animals are built of organophosphatic constituents, the organic fibres/sheets reinforced with calcium phosphate to provide a sophisticated ultrastructural robustness. This investigation examined the nature of the organic fibres in order to improve understanding of how living organisms produce hierarchically structured biomaterials. Unlike powdered samples commonly used in previous studies, organic fibres were isolated for the first time and the shell fractions were purified, in order to study the content and nature of the biopolymer fibres. Biochemical methods including Calcofluor staining revealed a chitin matrix. Ultrastructural analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and spectroscopic analyses show that the core polysaccharide framework is composed of layers of β-chitin sheets and/or fibrils that are coated with a fibrous organic matrix. There is more chitin matrix in the L. anatina shells (26.6 wt.%) compared to the D. tenuis shells (12.9 wt.%). Taken together, the data show that the chitin matrix contributes to increased skeletal strength, making L. anatina highly adapted for life as an active burrower. In comparison, D. tenuis contains less chitin and lives as attached epibenthos in a shallow marine environment.
Phosphate-shelled brachiopods differ in filter-feeding lifestyle, with Lingula anatina an active infaunal burrower, and Discinisca tenuis a shallow marine epibenthic animal. The shells of these animals are built of organophosphatic constituents, the organic fibres/sheets reinforced with calcium phosphate to provide a sophisticated ultrastructural robustness. This investigation examined the nature of the organic fibres in order to improve understanding of how living organisms produce hierarchically structured biomaterials. Unlike powdered samples commonly used in previous studies, organic fibres were isolated for the first time and the shell fractions were purified, in order to study the content and nature of the biopolymer fibres. Biochemical methods including Calcofluor staining revealed a chitin matrix. Ultrastructural analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and spectroscopic analyses show that the core polysaccharide framework is composed of layers of [beta]-chitin sheets and/or fibrils that are coated with a fibrous organic matrix. There is more chitin matrix in the L. anatina shells (26.6 wt.%) compared to the D. tenuis shells (12.9 wt.%). Taken together, the data show that the chitin matrix contributes to increased skeletal strength, making L. anatina highly adapted for life as an active burrower. In comparison, D. tenuis contains less chitin and lives as attached epibenthos in a shallow marine environment. Graphical abstract First spectroscopic evidence of [beta]-chitin sheets in recent organophosphatic brachiopods
Phosphate-shelled brachiopods differ in filter-feeding lifestyle, with Lingula anatina an active infaunal burrower, and Discinisca tenuis a shallow marine epibenthic animal. The shells of these animals are built of organophosphatic constituents, the organic fibres/sheets reinforced with calcium phosphate to provide a sophisticated ultrastructural robustness. This investigation examined the nature of the organic fibres in order to improve understanding of how living organisms produce hierarchically structured biomaterials. Unlike powdered samples commonly used in previous studies, organic fibres were isolated for the first time and the shell fractions were purified, in order to study the content and nature of the biopolymer fibres. Biochemical methods including Calcofluor staining revealed a chitin matrix. Ultrastructural analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and spectroscopic analyses show that the core polysaccharide framework is composed of layers of β -chitin sheets and/or fibrils that are coated with a fibrous organic matrix. There is more chitin matrix in the L. anatina shells (26.6 wt.%) compared to the D. tenuis shells (12.9 wt.%). Taken together, the data show that the chitin matrix contributes to increased skeletal strength, making L. anatina highly adapted for life as an active burrower. In comparison, D. tenuis contains less chitin and lives as attached epibenthos in a shallow marine environment. Graphical abstract First spectroscopic evidence of β-chitin sheets in recent organophosphatic brachiopods
Audience Academic
Author George, Simon C.
Brock, Glenn A.
Liang, Yue
Agbaje, Oluwatoosin B. A.
Holmer, Lars E.
Zhang, Zhifei
Duru, Kingsley C.
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  email: toosin.agbaje@mq.edu.au, toosin91014@gmail.com
  organization: Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Globe Institute, Section for GeoGenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University
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  organization: State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University
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  organization: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University
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  givenname: Lars E.
  surname: Holmer
  fullname: Holmer, Lars E.
  organization: Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University
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PublicationDate 2021-12-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-12-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 12
  year: 2021
  text: 2021-12-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace New York
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PublicationTitle Journal of materials science
PublicationTitleAbbrev J Mater Sci
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher Springer US
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
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– name: Springer Nature B.V
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Snippet Phosphate-shelled brachiopods differ in filter-feeding lifestyle, with Lingula anatina an active infaunal burrower, and Discinisca tenuis a shallow marine...
Phosphate-shelled brachiopods differ in filter-feeding lifestyle, with Lingula anatina an active infaunal burrower, and Discinisca tenuis a shallow marine...
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StartPage 19884
SubjectTerms Analysis
animals
biocompatible materials
Biological products
Biomedical materials
Biopolymers
Calcium phosphate
Calcium phosphates
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Chitin
Classical Mechanics
Composites & Nanocomposites
Crystallography and Scattering Methods
Earth Science with specialization in Historical Geology and Palaeontology
Geovetenskap med inriktning mot historisk geologi och paleontologi
Gravimetric analysis
lifestyle
Marine animals
Marine environment
Materials Science
Organic fibers
Polymer Sciences
Polysaccharides
Sheets
Shells
Solid Mechanics
spectral analysis
Spectroscopic analysis
spectroscopy
thermogravimetry
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Title Biomacromolecules in recent phosphate-shelled brachiopods: identification and characterization of chitin matrix
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