Effect of acute ingestion of fresh and stored lettuce (Lactuca sativa) on plasma total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant levels in human subjects
The present study investigated whether storage under modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) affected the antioxidant properties of fresh lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Eleven healthy volunteers (six men, five women) consumed 250 g fresh lettuce, and blood was sampled before (0 h) and 2, 3 and 6 h after cons...
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| Published in | British journal of nutrition Vol. 88; no. 6; pp. 615 - 623 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Cambridge, UK
Cambridge University Press
01.12.2002
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0007-1145 1475-2662 |
| DOI | 10.1079/BJN2002722 |
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| Abstract | The present study investigated whether storage under modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) affected the antioxidant properties of fresh lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Eleven healthy volunteers (six men, five women) consumed 250 g fresh lettuce, and blood was sampled before (0 h) and 2, 3 and 6 h after consumption. The protocol was repeated 3 d later with the same lettuce stored at 5°C under MAP conditions (O2–N2 (5:95, v/v)). Results showed that after ingestion of fresh lettuce, plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), measured as area under the curve, was significantly higher (1·3 (SEM 0·3) MMOL/L PER 6 H; P<0·05) THAN THE VALUE OBTAINED WITH MAP-STORED LETTUCE (0·1 (sem 0·2) mmol/l per 6 h). Plasma TRAP, quercetin and p-coumaric acid were significantly different from baseline values (P≤0·05) 2 and 3 h after fresh lettuce ingestion. Caffeic acid increased significantly at 3 h (P<0·05). Plasma β-carotene levels increased significantly at 6 h (P<0·05). Vitamin C concentrations (mg/l) rose from 10·9 (sem 2·0) to 12·7 (sem 3·0) (P<0·001), 12·7 (sem 2·0) (P<0·01) and 12·9 (sem 3·0) (P<0·05) at 0, 2, 3 and 6 h respectively. No changes were observed after ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce for all the measured markers. Our present results showed that ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce does not modify plasma redox status in healthy subjects. Further research is needed to develop post-harvesting techniques able to preserve the bioactive molecule content of plant food. |
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| AbstractList | The present study investigated whether storage under modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) affected the antioxidant properties of fresh lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Eleven healthy volunteers (six men, five women) consumed 250 g fresh lettuce, and blood was sampled before (0 h) and 2, 3 and 6 h after consumption. The protocol was repeated 3 d later with the same lettuce stored at 5 degrees C under MAP conditions (O2-N2 (5:95, v/v)). Results showed that after ingestion of fresh lettuce, plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), measured as area under the curve, was significantly higher (1.3 (sem 0.3) mmol/l per 6 h; P<0.05) than the value obtained with MAP-stored lettuce (0.1 (sem 0.2) mmol/l per 6 h). Plasma TRAP, quercetin and p-coumaric acid were significantly different from baseline values (P<or=0.05) 2 and 3 h after fresh lettuce ingestion. Caffeic acid increased significantly at 3 h (P<0.05). Plasma beta-carotene levels increased significantly at 6 h (P<0.05). Vitamin C concentrations (mg/l) rose from 10.9 (sem 2.0) to 12.7 (sem 3.0) (P<0.001), 12.7 (sem 2.0) (P<0.01) and 12.9 (sem 3.0) (P<0.05) at 0, 2, 3 and 6 h respectively. No changes were observed after ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce for all the measured markers. Our present results showed that ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce does not modify plasma redox status in healthy subjects. Further research is needed to develop post-harvesting techniques able to preserve the bioactive molecule content of plant food.The present study investigated whether storage under modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) affected the antioxidant properties of fresh lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Eleven healthy volunteers (six men, five women) consumed 250 g fresh lettuce, and blood was sampled before (0 h) and 2, 3 and 6 h after consumption. The protocol was repeated 3 d later with the same lettuce stored at 5 degrees C under MAP conditions (O2-N2 (5:95, v/v)). Results showed that after ingestion of fresh lettuce, plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), measured as area under the curve, was significantly higher (1.3 (sem 0.3) mmol/l per 6 h; P<0.05) than the value obtained with MAP-stored lettuce (0.1 (sem 0.2) mmol/l per 6 h). Plasma TRAP, quercetin and p-coumaric acid were significantly different from baseline values (P<or=0.05) 2 and 3 h after fresh lettuce ingestion. Caffeic acid increased significantly at 3 h (P<0.05). Plasma beta-carotene levels increased significantly at 6 h (P<0.05). Vitamin C concentrations (mg/l) rose from 10.9 (sem 2.0) to 12.7 (sem 3.0) (P<0.001), 12.7 (sem 2.0) (P<0.01) and 12.9 (sem 3.0) (P<0.05) at 0, 2, 3 and 6 h respectively. No changes were observed after ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce for all the measured markers. Our present results showed that ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce does not modify plasma redox status in healthy subjects. Further research is needed to develop post-harvesting techniques able to preserve the bioactive molecule content of plant food. The present study investigated whether storage under modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) affected the antioxidant properties of fresh lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ). Eleven healthy volunteers (six men, five women) consumed 250 g fresh lettuce, and blood was sampled before (0 h) and 2, 3 and 6 h after consumption. The protocol was repeated 3 d later with the same lettuce stored at 5°C under MAP conditions (O 2 –N 2 (5:95, v/v)). Results showed that after ingestion of fresh lettuce, plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), measured as area under the curve, was significantly higher (1·3 (SEM 0·3) MMOL/L PER 6 H; P <0·05) THAN THE VALUE OBTAINED WITH MAP-STORED LETTUCE (0·1 (sem 0·2) mmol/l per 6 h). Plasma TRAP, quercetin and p -coumaric acid were significantly different from baseline values ( P ≤0·05) 2 and 3 h after fresh lettuce ingestion. Caffeic acid increased significantly at 3 h ( P <0·05). Plasma β-carotene levels increased significantly at 6 h ( P <0·05). Vitamin C concentrations (mg/l) rose from 10·9 (sem 2·0) to 12·7 (sem 3·0) ( P <0·001), 12·7 (sem 2·0) ( P <0·01) and 12·9 (sem 3·0) ( P <0·05) at 0, 2, 3 and 6 h respectively. No changes were observed after ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce for all the measured markers. Our present results showed that ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce does not modify plasma redox status in healthy subjects. Further research is needed to develop post-harvesting techniques able to preserve the bioactive molecule content of plant food. The present study investigated whether storage under modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) affected the antioxidant properties of fresh lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Eleven healthy volunteers (six men, five women) consumed 250 g fresh lettuce, and blood was sampled before (0 h) and 2, 3 and 6 h after consumption. The protocol was repeated 3 d later with the same lettuce stored at 5 degrees C under MAP conditions (O2-N2 (5:95, v/v)). Results showed that after ingestion of fresh lettuce, plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), measured as area under the curve, was significantly higher (1.3 (SEM 0.3) mmol/l per 6 h; P<0.05) than the value obtained with MAP-stored lettuce (0.1 (SEM 0.2) mmol/l per 6 h). Plasma TRAP, quercetin and p-coumaric acid were significantly different from baseline values (P less than or equal to 0.05) 2 and 3 h after fresh lettuce ingestion. Caffeic acid increased significantly at 3 h (P<0.05). Plasma beta-carotene levels increased significantly at 6 h (P<0.05). Vitamin C concentrations (mg/l) rose from 10.9 (SEM 2.0) to 12.7 (SEM 3.0) (P<0.001), 12.7 (SEM 2.0) (P<0.01) and 12.9 (SEM 3.0) (P<0.05) at 0, 2, 3 and 6 h respectively. No changes were observed after ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce for all the measured markers. Our present results showed that ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce does not modify plasma redox status in healthy subjects. Further research is needed to develop post-harvesting techniques able to preserve the bioactive molecule content of plant food. The present study investigated whether storage under modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) affected the antioxidant properties of fresh lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Eleven healthy volunteers (six men, five women) consumed 250 g fresh lettuce, and blood was sampled before (0 h) and 2, 3 and 6 h after consumption. The protocol was repeated 3 d later with the same lettuce stored at 5°C under MAP conditions (O2-N2 (5:95, v/v)). Results showed that after ingestion of fresh lettuce, plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), measured as area under the curve, was significantly higher (1·3 (SEM 0·3) MMOL/L PER 6 H; P<0·05) THAN THE VALUE OBTAINED WITH MAP-STORED LETTUCE (0·1 (sem 0·2) mmol/l per 6 h). Plasma TRAP, quercetin and p-coumaric acid were significantly different from baseline values (P≤0·05) 2 and 3 h after fresh lettuce ingestion. Caffeic acid increased significantly at 3 h (P<0·05). Plasma β-carotene levels increased significantly at 6 h (P<0·05). Vitamin C concentrations (mg/l) rose from 10·9 (sem 2·0) to 12·7 (sem 3·0) (P<0·001), 12·7 (sem 2·0) (P<0·01) and 12·9 (sem 3·0) (P<0·05) at 0, 2, 3 and 6 h respectively. No changes were observed after ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce for all the measured markers. Our present results showed that ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce does not modify plasma redox status in healthy subjects. Further research is needed to develop post-harvesting techniques able to preserve the bioactive molecule content of plant food. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] The present study investigated whether storage under modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) affected the antioxidant properties of fresh lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Eleven healthy volunteers (six men, five women) consumed 250 g fresh lettuce, and blood was sampled before (0 h) and 2, 3 and 6 h after consumption. The protocol was repeated 3 d later with the same lettuce stored at 5 degrees C under MAP conditions (O2-N2 (5:95, v/v)). Results showed that after ingestion of fresh lettuce, plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), measured as area under the curve, was significantly higher (1.3 (sem 0.3) mmol/l per 6 h; P<0.05) than the value obtained with MAP-stored lettuce (0.1 (sem 0.2) mmol/l per 6 h). Plasma TRAP, quercetin and p-coumaric acid were significantly different from baseline values (P<or=0.05) 2 and 3 h after fresh lettuce ingestion. Caffeic acid increased significantly at 3 h (P<0.05). Plasma beta-carotene levels increased significantly at 6 h (P<0.05). Vitamin C concentrations (mg/l) rose from 10.9 (sem 2.0) to 12.7 (sem 3.0) (P<0.001), 12.7 (sem 2.0) (P<0.01) and 12.9 (sem 3.0) (P<0.05) at 0, 2, 3 and 6 h respectively. No changes were observed after ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce for all the measured markers. Our present results showed that ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce does not modify plasma redox status in healthy subjects. Further research is needed to develop post-harvesting techniques able to preserve the bioactive molecule content of plant food. The present study investigated whether storage under modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) affected the antioxidant properties of fresh lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Eleven healthy volunteers (six men, five women) consumed 250 g fresh lettuce, and blood was sampled before (0 h) and 2, 3 and 6 h after consumption. The protocol was repeated 3 d later with the same lettuce stored at 5°C under MAP conditions (O2–N2 (5:95, v/v)). Results showed that after ingestion of fresh lettuce, plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), measured as area under the curve, was significantly higher (1·3 (SEM 0·3) MMOL/L PER 6 H; P<0·05) THAN THE VALUE OBTAINED WITH MAP-STORED LETTUCE (0·1 (sem 0·2) mmol/l per 6 h). Plasma TRAP, quercetin and p-coumaric acid were significantly different from baseline values (P≤0·05) 2 and 3 h after fresh lettuce ingestion. Caffeic acid increased significantly at 3 h (P<0·05). Plasma β-carotene levels increased significantly at 6 h (P<0·05). Vitamin C concentrations (mg/l) rose from 10·9 (sem 2·0) to 12·7 (sem 3·0) (P<0·001), 12·7 (sem 2·0) (P<0·01) and 12·9 (sem 3·0) (P<0·05) at 0, 2, 3 and 6 h respectively. No changes were observed after ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce for all the measured markers. Our present results showed that ingestion of MAP-stored lettuce does not modify plasma redox status in healthy subjects. Further research is needed to develop post-harvesting techniques able to preserve the bioactive molecule content of plant food. |
| Author | Azzini, Elena Bugianesi, Rossana Raguzzini, Anna Salucci, Monica Serafini, Mauro Maiani, Giuseppe |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mauro surname: Serafini fullname: Serafini, Mauro email: serafini@inran.it – sequence: 2 givenname: Rossana surname: Bugianesi fullname: Bugianesi, Rossana organization: Antioxidant Research Laboratory at the Unit of Human Nutrition, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), Rome, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Monica surname: Salucci fullname: Salucci, Monica organization: Antioxidant Research Laboratory at the Unit of Human Nutrition, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), Rome, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Elena surname: Azzini fullname: Azzini, Elena organization: Antioxidant Research Laboratory at the Unit of Human Nutrition, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), Rome, Italy – sequence: 5 givenname: Anna surname: Raguzzini fullname: Raguzzini, Anna organization: Antioxidant Research Laboratory at the Unit of Human Nutrition, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), Rome, Italy – sequence: 6 givenname: Giuseppe surname: Maiani fullname: Maiani, Giuseppe organization: Antioxidant Research Laboratory at the Unit of Human Nutrition, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), Rome, Italy |
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| Copyright | Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002 2003 INIST-CNRS The Nutrition Society |
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| Keywords | Vegetables Bioavailability Modified-atmosphere packaging Plasma antioxidant capacity Human Redox state Plasma antioxidant capacity: Modified-atmosphere packaging: Vegetables: Bioavailability Compositae Antioxidant Feeding Blood plasma Vegetable crop Diet Fresh product Dicotyledones Food industry Angiospermae Food preservation Packaging Spermatophyta Modified atmosphere Lactuca sativa |
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| References | Brecht (S0007114502002362_ref004) 1980; 3 S0007114502002362_ref013 S0007114502002362_ref035 S0007114502002362_ref014 S0007114502002362_ref015 S0007114502002362_ref016 S0007114502002362_ref032 S0007114502002362_ref010 S0007114502002362_ref011 S0007114502002362_ref033 S0007114502002362_ref012 Sharpless (S0007114502002362_ref031) 1999; 82 S0007114502002362_ref017 S0007114502002362_ref019 Margolis (S0007114502002362_ref024) 1990; 36 McLemore (S0007114502002362_ref020) 1998; 109 Terao (S0007114502002362_ref034) 1999; 46 Laranjinha (S0007114502002362_ref018) 1999; 48 S0007114502002362_ref030 S0007114502002362_ref002 S0007114502002362_ref003 S0007114502002362_ref025 S0007114502002362_ref026 S0007114502002362_ref005 S0007114502002362_ref027 S0007114502002362_ref021 S0007114502002362_ref022 S0007114502002362_ref001 S0007114502002362_ref023 S0007114502002362_ref028 S0007114502002362_ref006 S0007114502002362_ref007 S0007114502002362_ref029 S0007114502002362_ref008 S0007114502002362_ref009 |
| References_xml | – ident: S0007114502002362_ref025 doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.98.22.2390 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref022 doi: 10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00009-1 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref001 doi: 10.1093/ajcn/71.1.103 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref030 doi: 10.1093/jn/128.6.1003 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref015 doi: 10.1021/jf00021a023 – volume: 36 start-page: 1750 year: 1990 ident: S0007114502002362_ref024 article-title: Ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids in plasma preserved with dithiothreitol or metaphosphoric acid publication-title: Clinical Chemistry doi: 10.1093/clinchem/36.10.1750 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref026 doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00522-6 – volume: 109 start-page: 268 year: 1998 ident: S0007114502002362_ref020 article-title: Rapid automated determination of lipid hydroperoxide concentrations and total antioxidant status of serum samples from patients infected with HIV publication-title: American Journal of Pathology doi: 10.1093/ajcp/109.3.268 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref013 doi: 10.1021/jf981200l – ident: S0007114502002362_ref012 doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(94)00102-P – ident: S0007114502002362_ref006 doi: 10.1021/jf9602535 – volume: 3 start-page: 45 year: 1980 ident: S0007114502002362_ref004 article-title: Use of controlled atmospheres to retard deterioration of produce publication-title: Food Technology – ident: S0007114502002362_ref033 doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740100110 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref029 doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600673 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref008 doi: 10.2337/diacare.21.9.1529 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref002 doi: 10.1080/01635589209514201 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref017 doi: 10.1080/10408398909527490 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref027 doi: 10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00305-6 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref009 doi: 10.1079/095442200108729016 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref016 doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-642760-8.50012-0 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref023 doi: 10.1016/S0378-4347(96)00401-X – volume: 82 start-page: 288 year: 1999 ident: S0007114502002362_ref031 article-title: Value assignment of retinol, retinyl palmitate, tocopherol and carotenoid concentrations in standard references material 2383 (baby food composite) publication-title: Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL doi: 10.1093/jaoac/82.2.288 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref010 doi: 10.3109/10715769709084480 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref005 doi: 10.1093/ajcn/71.1.67 – volume: 48 start-page: 57 year: 1999 ident: S0007114502002362_ref018 article-title: Redox cycles of caffeic acid, α-tocopherol, and ascorbate: implications for protection of low-density lipoproteins against oxidation publication-title: Life – ident: S0007114502002362_ref032 doi: 10.1039/AN9931800123 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref007 doi: 10.1093/ajcn/68.5.1081 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref011 doi: 10.1093/ajcn/45.5.1368 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref019 doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600682 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref014 doi: 10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.000341 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref035 doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00180-5 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref021 doi: 10.1080/01635589509514390 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref003 doi: 10.1016/S0022-2143(98)90026-9 – ident: S0007114502002362_ref028 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2117-4_7 – volume: 46 start-page: 159 year: 1999 ident: S0007114502002362_ref034 article-title: Dietary flavonoids as antioxidants in vivo: conjugated metabolites of (-)-epicatechin and quercetin participate in antioxidative defense in blood plasma publication-title: Journal of Medical Investigation |
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| Snippet | The present study investigated whether storage under modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) affected the antioxidant properties of fresh lettuce (Lactuca sativa).... The present study investigated whether storage under modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) affected the antioxidant properties of fresh lettuce ( Lactuca sativa... |
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| SubjectTerms | acute effects Adult analysis Analysis of Variance antioxidant activity Antioxidants Antioxidants - chemistry Antioxidants - metabolism Area Under Curve Ascorbic Acid Ascorbic Acid - analysis Ascorbic Acid - metabolism Bioavailability Biological and medical sciences Biological Availability blood blood plasma Caffeic Acids Caffeic Acids - blood Carotenoids Carotenoids - analysis Carotenoids - metabolism chemical composition chemistry Coumaric Acids Coumaric Acids - blood Eating Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Flavonoids food composition Food Handling Food industries food nutrient losses Food Packaging food storage Free Radicals Free Radicals - chemistry Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Handling, storage, packaging, transport human nutrition Humans Ingestion Lactuca lettuce Male men metabolism Middle Aged Modified-atmosphere packaging nutritive value Oxidation-Reduction Phenols Phenols - analysis Phenols - metabolism Plasma antioxidant capacity Polymers Polymers - analysis Polymers - metabolism Quercetin Quercetin - blood storage quality test meals Time Factors Vegetables Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems women |
| Title | Effect of acute ingestion of fresh and stored lettuce (Lactuca sativa) on plasma total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant levels in human subjects |
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