The RNA Methyltransferase NSUN2 and Its Potential Roles in Cancer

5-methylcytosine is often associated as an epigenetic modifier in DNA. However, it is also found increasingly in a plethora of RNA species, predominantly transfer RNAs, but increasingly found in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs, enhancer RNAs, and a number of long noncoding RNAs. Moreove...

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Published inCells (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 9; no. 8; p. 1758
Main Authors Chellamuthu, Anitha, Gray, Steven G.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 22.07.2020
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Abstract 5-methylcytosine is often associated as an epigenetic modifier in DNA. However, it is also found increasingly in a plethora of RNA species, predominantly transfer RNAs, but increasingly found in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs, enhancer RNAs, and a number of long noncoding RNAs. Moreover, this modification can also be found in messenger RNAs and has led to an increasing appreciation that RNA methylation can functionally regulate gene expression and cellular activities. In mammalian cells, the addition of m5C to RNA cytosines is carried out by enzymes of the NOL1/NOP2/SUN domain (NSUN) family as well as the DNA methyltransferase homologue DNMT2. In this regard, NSUN2 is a critical RNA methyltransferase for adding m5C to mRNA. In this review, using non-small cell lung cancer and other cancers as primary examples, we discuss the recent developments in the known functions of this RNA methyltransferase and its potential critical role in cancer.
AbstractList 5-methylcytosine is often associated as an epigenetic modifier in DNA. However, it is also found increasingly in a plethora of RNA species, predominantly transfer RNAs, but increasingly found in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs, enhancer RNAs, and a number of long noncoding RNAs. Moreover, this modification can also be found in messenger RNAs and has led to an increasing appreciation that RNA methylation can functionally regulate gene expression and cellular activities. In mammalian cells, the addition of m5C to RNA cytosines is carried out by enzymes of the NOL1/NOP2/SUN domain (NSUN) family as well as the DNA methyltransferase homologue DNMT2. In this regard, NSUN2 is a critical RNA methyltransferase for adding m5C to mRNA. In this review, using non-small cell lung cancer and other cancers as primary examples, we discuss the recent developments in the known functions of this RNA methyltransferase and its potential critical role in cancer.
5-methylcytosine is often associated as an epigenetic modifier in DNA. However, it is also found increasingly in a plethora of RNA species, predominantly transfer RNAs, but increasingly found in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs, enhancer RNAs, and a number of long noncoding RNAs. Moreover, this modification can also be found in messenger RNAs and has led to an increasing appreciation that RNA methylation can functionally regulate gene expression and cellular activities. In mammalian cells, the addition of m5C to RNA cytosines is carried out by enzymes of the NOL1/NOP2/SUN domain (NSUN) family as well as the DNA methyltransferase homologue DNMT2. In this regard, NSUN2 is a critical RNA methyltransferase for adding m5C to mRNA. In this review, using non-small cell lung cancer and other cancers as primary examples, we discuss the recent developments in the known functions of this RNA methyltransferase and its potential critical role in cancer.5-methylcytosine is often associated as an epigenetic modifier in DNA. However, it is also found increasingly in a plethora of RNA species, predominantly transfer RNAs, but increasingly found in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs, enhancer RNAs, and a number of long noncoding RNAs. Moreover, this modification can also be found in messenger RNAs and has led to an increasing appreciation that RNA methylation can functionally regulate gene expression and cellular activities. In mammalian cells, the addition of m5C to RNA cytosines is carried out by enzymes of the NOL1/NOP2/SUN domain (NSUN) family as well as the DNA methyltransferase homologue DNMT2. In this regard, NSUN2 is a critical RNA methyltransferase for adding m5C to mRNA. In this review, using non-small cell lung cancer and other cancers as primary examples, we discuss the recent developments in the known functions of this RNA methyltransferase and its potential critical role in cancer.
Audience Academic
Author Chellamuthu, Anitha
Gray, Steven G.
AuthorAffiliation 2 Thoracic Oncology Research Group, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin D08 RX0X, Ireland
1 Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland; chellama@tcd.ie
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Thoracic Oncology Research Group, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin D08 RX0X, Ireland
– name: 1 Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland; chellama@tcd.ie
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  givenname: Steven G.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5850-6392
  surname: Gray
  fullname: Gray, Steven G.
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708015$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 8
Keywords RNA modification
5-methylcytosine
miRNA
cancer
mRNA
epi-transcriptome
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Snippet 5-methylcytosine is often associated as an epigenetic modifier in DNA. However, it is also found increasingly in a plethora of RNA species, predominantly...
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StartPage 1758
SubjectTerms 5-methylcytosine
5-Methylcytosine - metabolism
Animals
Breast Neoplasms - enzymology
cancer
Carcinogenesis
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell cycle
Colorectal Neoplasms - enzymology
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA methylation
DNA methyltransferase
epi-transcriptome
Female
Gene expression
Genetic aspects
Health aspects
Humans
Lung Neoplasms - enzymology
Mammalian cells
Methylation
Methyltransferases
Methyltransferases - genetics
Methyltransferases - metabolism
Mice
miRNA
Mitochondria
mRNA
Neurological disorders
Non-small cell lung carcinoma
Phylogeny
Physiological aspects
Proteins
Review
RNA
RNA modification
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Roles
Small cell lung carcinoma
Transfer RNA
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Title The RNA Methyltransferase NSUN2 and Its Potential Roles in Cancer
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708015
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Volume 9
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