An Overview of the Semi-arid Climate and Environment Research Observatory over the Loess Plateau
Arid and semi-arid areas comprise about 30% of the earth＇s surface. Changes in climate and climate variability will likely have a significant impact on these regions. The Loess Plateau over Northwest China is a special semi-arid land surface and part of a dust aerosol source. To improve understandin...
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| Published in | Advances in atmospheric sciences Vol. 25; no. 6; pp. 906 - 921 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Heidelberg
SP Science Press
01.11.2008
Springer Nature B.V College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000%Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia (RCE-TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0256-1530 1861-9533 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00376-008-0906-7 |
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| Abstract | Arid and semi-arid areas comprise about 30% of the earth＇s surface. Changes in climate and climate variability will likely have a significant impact on these regions. The Loess Plateau over Northwest China is a special semi-arid land surface and part of a dust aerosol source. To improve understanding and capture the direct evidence of the impact of human activity on the semi-arid climate over the Loess Plateau, the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University （SACOL） was established in 2005. SACOL consists of a large set of instruments and focuses on： （1） monitoring of long term tendencies in semiarid climate changes; （2） monitoring of the aerosol effect on the water cycle; （3） studies of interaction between land surface and the atmosphere; （4） improving the land surface and climate models; and （5） validation of space-borne observations. This paper presents a description of SACOL objectives, measurements, and sampling strategies. Preliminary observation results are also reviewed in this paper. |
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| AbstractList | P4; Arid and semi-arid areas comprise about 30% of the earth's surface. Changes in climate and climate variability will likely have a significant impact on these regions. The Loess Plateau over Northwest China is a special semi-arid land surface and part of a dust aerosol source. To improve understanding and capture the direct evidence of the impact of human activity on the semi-arid climate over the Loess Plateau, the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) was established in 2005. SACOL consists of a large set of instruments and focuses on: (1) monitoring of long term tendencies in semiarid climate changes; (2) monitoring of the aerosol effect on the water cycle; (3) studies of interaction between land surface and the atmosphere; (4) improving the land surface and climate models; and (5) validation of space-borne observations. This paper presents a description of SACOL objectives, measurements, and sampling strategies. Preliminary observation results are also reviewed in this paper. Arid and semi-arid areas comprise about 30% of the earth's surface. Changes in climate and climate variability will likely have a significant impact on these regions. The Loess Plateau over Northwest China is a special semi-arid land surface and part of a dust aerosol source. To improve understanding and capture the direct evidence of the impact of human activity on the semi-arid climate over the Loess Plateau, the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) was established in 2005. SACOL consists of a large set of instruments and focuses on: (1) monitoring of long term tendencies in semiarid climate changes; (2) monitoring of the aerosol effect on the water cycle; (3) studies of interaction between land surface and the atmosphere; (4) improving the land surface and climate models; and (5) validation of space-borne observations. This paper presents a description of SACOL objectives, measurements, and sampling strategies. Preliminary observation results are also reviewed in this paper. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Arid and semi-arid areas comprise about 30% of the earth's surface. Changes in climate and climate variability will likely have a significant impact on these regions. The Loess Plateau over Northwest China is a special semi-arid land surface and part of a dust aerosol source. To improve understanding and capture the direct evidence of the impact of human activity on the semi-arid climate over the Loess Plateau, the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) was established in 2005. SACOL consists of a large set of instruments and focuses on: (1) monitoring of long term tendencies in semi-arid climate changes; (2) monitoring of the aerosol effect on the water cycle; (3) studies of interaction between land surface and the atmosphere; (4) improving the land surface and climate models; and (5) validation of space-borne observations. This paper presents a description of SACOL objectives, measurements, and sampling strategies. Preliminary observation results are also reviewed in this paper. Arid and semi-arid areas comprise about 30% of the earth＇s surface. Changes in climate and climate variability will likely have a significant impact on these regions. The Loess Plateau over Northwest China is a special semi-arid land surface and part of a dust aerosol source. To improve understanding and capture the direct evidence of the impact of human activity on the semi-arid climate over the Loess Plateau, the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University （SACOL） was established in 2005. SACOL consists of a large set of instruments and focuses on： （1） monitoring of long term tendencies in semiarid climate changes; （2） monitoring of the aerosol effect on the water cycle; （3） studies of interaction between land surface and the atmosphere; （4） improving the land surface and climate models; and （5） validation of space-borne observations. This paper presents a description of SACOL objectives, measurements, and sampling strategies. Preliminary observation results are also reviewed in this paper. Arid and semi-arid areas comprise about 30% of the earth’s surface. Changes in climate and climate variability will likely have a significant impact on these regions. The Loess Plateau over Northwest China is a special semi-arid land surface and part of a dust aerosol source. To improve understanding and capture the direct evidence of the impact of human activity on the semi-arid climate over the Loess Plateau, the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) was established in 2005. SACOL consists of a large set of instruments and focuses on: (1) monitoring of long term tendencies in semiarid climate changes; (2) monitoring of the aerosol effect on the water cycle; (3) studies of interaction between land surface and the atmosphere; (4) improving the land surface and climate models; and (5) validation of space-borne observations. This paper presents a description of SACOL objectives, measurements, and sampling strategies. Preliminary observation results are also reviewed in this paper. |
| Author | 黄建平 张武 左金清 闭建荣 史晋森 王鑫 常倬林 黄忠伟 杨溯 张北斗 王国印 冯广泓 袁九毅 张镭 左洪超 王式功 符淙斌 丑纪范 |
| AuthorAffiliation | College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia （RCE- TEA）, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000%Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia (RCE-TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: 黄建平 张武 左金清 闭建荣 史晋森 王鑫 常倬林 黄忠伟 杨溯 张北斗 王国印 冯广泓 袁九毅 张镭 左洪超 王式功 符淙斌 丑纪范 |
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| Copyright | Chinese National Committee for International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH 2008 Copyright © Wanfang Data Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved. |
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| DocumentTitleAlternate | An Overview of the Semi-arid Climate and Environment Research Observatory over the Loess Plateau |
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| Keywords | cloud SACOL land surface semi-arid aerosol Loess Plateau |
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| PublicationTitle | Advances in atmospheric sciences |
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| PublicationYear | 2008 |
| Publisher | SP Science Press Springer Nature B.V College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000%Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia (RCE-TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 |
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Lidar Remote Sensing for Industry and Environmental Monitoring, Sendai, Japan, SPIE20014153151158 ZhangQ.NWC-ALIEX and its advancesAdvance in Earth Sciences2005206074 SchotanusP.NieuwstadtF. T. M.De BruinH. A. R.Temperature measurement with a sonic anemometer and its application to heat and moisture fluctuationsBound.-Layer Meteor.198326819310.1007/BF00164332 Houghton, J. T., Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, and D. Xiaosu, 2001: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Cambridge University Press, 944pp. IwasakaY.Pool of the dust particles over the Asian continent, balloon-borne optical particle counter and ground-based lidar measurements at Dunhuang, ChinaEnvironmental Monitoring and Assessment20049252410.1023/B:EMAS.0000014505.43198.48 Huang, J. P., B. Lin, P. Minnis, T. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Hu, Y. Yi, and J. R. Ayers, 2006a: Satellite-based assessment of possible dust aerosols semi-direct effect on cloud water path over East Asia. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, doi: 10.1029/2006GL026561. Alexandrov, M. D., A. A. Lacis, B. E. Carlson, and B. Cairns, 1999: Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone by means of multi-filter rotating shadow-band radiometer. Remote Sensing of Clouds and Atmosphere, J. Russell, and C. Serio, Eds., Proc. SPIE 3867, 156–170. Huang, J. P., P. Minnis, B. Lin, T. Wang, Y. Yi, Y. Hu, S. Sun-Mack, and K. Ayers, 2006b: Possible influences of Asian dust aerosols on cloud properties and radiative forcing observed from MODIS and CERES. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06824, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024724. HuangR.Advances of the project of the formation mechanism and p theory of severe climatic disasters in ChinaChina Basic Science20044616 LuD.Composite study on Inner Mongolia semiarid grassland soil-vegetationatmosphere interaction (IMGRASS)Earth Science Frontiers200295263 WilczakJ. M.OncleyS. P.StageS. 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Munger, 2004: Post-field data quality control. Handbook of Micrometeorology: A Guide for Surface Flux Measurements, Lee et al., Eds., Kluwer, 181–208. Chinese Editorial Committee of Soil Analysis, 1996: Soil Physical and Chemical Analysis and Description of Soil Profile. China State Standards Press, 266pp. (in Chinese) HarrisonL.MichalskyJ.Objective algorithms for the retrieval of optical depths from ground-based measurementsAppl. Opt.19943351265132 MinQ.Cloud properties derived from surface MFRSR measurements and comparison with GOES results at the ARM SGP siteGeophys. Res. Lett.1996231641164410.1029/96GL01488 MassmanW. J.Reply to comment by Rannik on “A simple method for estimating frequency response corrections for eddy covariance systems”Agricultural Forest Meteorology200110724725110.1016/S0168-1923(00)00237-9 BaoY.LuS.Review of land-atmosphere interaction research in Arid and Semi-arid regionsJournal of Desert Research20063134140 BreonF.-M.TanreD.GenerosoS.Aerosol effect on cloud droplet size monitored from satelliteScience200229583483810.1126/science.1066434 MooreC. J.Frequency response corrections for eddy correlation systemsBound.-Layer Meteorol.198637173610.1007/BF00122754 LiuH.DongW.FuC.ShiL.The long-term field experiment on aridification and the ordered human activity in semi-arid area at Tongyu, Northeast ChinaClimatic and Environmental Research20049352378 KawamotoK.NakajimaT.Seasonal variation of cloud particle size from AVHRR remote sensingGeophys. Res. Lett.2003301810181310.1029/2003GL017437 MassmanW. J.A simple method for estimating frequency response corrections for eddy covariance systemsAgricultural Forest Meteorology200010418519810.1016/S0168-1923(00)00164-7 JanssensI. A.KowalskiA. S.LongdozB.CeulemansR.Assessing forest soil CO2 efflux: An in situ comparison of four techniquesTree Physiology2000202332 M. E. Mann (906_CR25) 1999; 26 L. Harrison (906_CR9) 1994; 33 P. Schotanus (906_CR33) 1983; 26 J. M. Wilczak (906_CR37) 2001; 99 Q. Zhang (906_CR39) 2005; 20 P. J. DeMott (906_CR7) 2003; 30 Y. Hu (906_CR14) 1994; 52 906_CR31 Y. Iwasaka (906_CR18) 2003; 3 S. Twomey (906_CR34) 1977; 34 R. Huang (906_CR17) 2004; 4 Y. Hu (906_CR13) 1994; 9 L. Harrison (906_CR10) 1994; 33 T. J. Crowley (906_CR6) 2000; 289 L. H. Chambers (906_CR4) 2002; 15 Y. Iwasaka (906_CR19) 2004; 92 W. J. Massman (906_CR27) 2001; 107 906_CR16 D. Lu (906_CR23) 2002; 9 906_CR15 906_CR12 I. A. Janssens (906_CR20) 2000; 20 F.-M. Breon (906_CR3) 2002; 295 D. Rosenfeld (906_CR32) 2001; 98 Q. Min (906_CR28) 1996; 23 B. N. Holben (906_CR11) 1998; 66 D. Lu (906_CR24) 2005; 63 906_CR1 K. Kawamoto (906_CR21) 2003; 30 Y. Bao (906_CR2) 2006; 3 906_CR5 H. Liu (906_CR22) 2004; 9 H. S. Zhang (906_CR38) 2001; 100 906_CR8 V. Ramanathan (906_CR30) 2001; 294 C. J. Moore (906_CR29) 1986; 37 W. J. Massman (906_CR26) 2000; 104 E. K. Webb (906_CR35) 1980; 106 E. J. Welton (906_CR36) 2001; 4153 |
| References_xml | – reference: RosenfeldD.RudichY.LahavR.Desert dust suppressing precipitation: A possible desertification feedback loopProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences2001985975598010.1073/pnas.101122798 – reference: IwasakaY.Pool of the dust particles over the Asian continent, balloon-borne optical particle counter and ground-based lidar measurements at Dunhuang, ChinaEnvironmental Monitoring and Assessment20049252410.1023/B:EMAS.0000014505.43198.48 – reference: WebbE. K.PearmanG. I.LeuningR.Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transferQuart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.19801068510010.1002/qj.49710644707 – reference: ZhangH. S.ChenJ. Y.ParkS.-U.Turbulence structure in the unstable condition over various surfacesBound.-Layer Meteor.200110024326110.1023/A:1019223316895 – reference: MooreC. J.Frequency response corrections for eddy correlation systemsBound.-Layer Meteorol.198637173610.1007/BF00122754 – reference: Alexandrov, M. D., A. A. Lacis, B. E. Carlson, and B. Cairns, 1999: Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone by means of multi-filter rotating shadow-band radiometer. Remote Sensing of Clouds and Atmosphere, J. Russell, and C. Serio, Eds., Proc. SPIE 3867, 156–170. – reference: HuangR.Advances of the project of the formation mechanism and p theory of severe climatic disasters in ChinaChina Basic Science20044616 – reference: MinQ.Cloud properties derived from surface MFRSR measurements and comparison with GOES results at the ARM SGP siteGeophys. Res. Lett.1996231641164410.1029/96GL01488 – reference: HarrisonL.MichalskyJ.BerndtJ.Automated multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer: An instrument for optical depth and radiation measurementsAppl. Opt.1994335118512510.1364/AO.33.005118 – reference: LuD.ChenZ.ChenJ.WangG.JiJ.ChenH.LiuZ.Study on soil-vegetation-atmosphere interaction in Inner Mongolia semiarid grasslandActa Meteorologica Sinica2005633355 – reference: Huang, J. P., B. Lin, P. Minnis, T. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Hu, Y. Yi, and J. R. Ayers, 2006a: Satellite-based assessment of possible dust aerosols semi-direct effect on cloud water path over East Asia. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, doi: 10.1029/2006GL026561. – reference: IwasakaY.Nature of atmospheric aerosols over the desert areas in the Asian continent: chemical state and number concentration of particles measured at DunHuang, ChinaWater, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus2003312914510.1023/A:1023282221749 – reference: ZhangQ.NWC-ALIEX and its advancesAdvance in Earth Sciences2005206074 – reference: BreonF.-M.TanreD.GenerosoS.Aerosol effect on cloud droplet size monitored from satelliteScience200229583483810.1126/science.1066434 – reference: Foken, T., M. Göckede, M. Mauder, L. Mahrt, B. D. Amiro, and J. W. Munger, 2004: Post-field data quality control. Handbook of Micrometeorology: A Guide for Surface Flux Measurements, Lee et al., Eds., Kluwer, 181–208. – reference: Chinese Editorial Committee of Soil Analysis, 1996: Soil Physical and Chemical Analysis and Description of Soil Profile. China State Standards Press, 266pp. (in Chinese) – reference: SchotanusP.NieuwstadtF. T. M.De BruinH. A. R.Temperature measurement with a sonic anemometer and its application to heat and moisture fluctuationsBound.-Layer Meteor.198326819310.1007/BF00164332 – reference: MassmanW. J.A simple method for estimating frequency response corrections for eddy covariance systemsAgricultural Forest Meteorology200010418519810.1016/S0168-1923(00)00164-7 – reference: WilczakJ. M.OncleyS. P.StageS. A.Sonic anemometer tilt correction algorithmsBound.-Layer Meteor.20019912715010.1023/A:1018966204465 – reference: DeMottP. J.SassenK.PoellotM.BaumgardnerD.RogersD. C.BrooksS.PrenniA. J.KreidenweisS. M.African dust aerosols as atmospheric ice nucleiGeophys. Res. Lett.200330173210.1029/2003GL017410 – reference: LiuH.DongW.FuC.ShiL.The long-term field experiment on aridification and the ordered human activity in semi-arid area at Tongyu, Northeast ChinaClimatic and Environmental Research20049352378 – reference: HuY.GaoY.Some new understandings of processes at the land surface in arid area from the HEIFEActa Meteorologica Sinica199452285296 – reference: MannM. E.BradleyR. S.HughesM. K.Northern hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: inferences, uncertainties, and limitationsGeophys. Res. Lett.19992675976210.1029/1999GL900070 – reference: BaoY.LuS.Review of land-atmosphere interaction research in Arid and Semi-arid regionsJournal of Desert Research20063134140 – reference: JanssensI. A.KowalskiA. S.LongdozB.CeulemansR.Assessing forest soil CO2 efflux: An in situ comparison of four techniquesTree Physiology2000202332 – reference: MassmanW. J.Reply to comment by Rannik on “A simple method for estimating frequency response corrections for eddy covariance systems”Agricultural Forest Meteorology200110724725110.1016/S0168-1923(00)00237-9 – reference: RamanathanV.CrutzenP. J.KiehlJ. T.RosenfeldD.Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycleScience20012942119212410.1126/science.1064034 – reference: Houghton, J. T., Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, and D. Xiaosu, 2001: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Cambridge University Press, 944pp. – reference: TwomeyS.Influence of pollution on shortwave albedo of cloudsJ. Atmos. Sci.1977341149115210.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<1149:TIOPOT>2.0.CO;2 – reference: CrowleyT. J.Causes of climate change over the past 1000 yearsScience200028927027710.1126/science.289.5477.270 – reference: ChambersL. H.LinB.YoungD. F.Examination of new CERES data for evidence of tropical iris feedbackJ. 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N.AERONET—A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterizationRemote Sens. Environ.19986611610.1016/S0034-4257(98)00031-5 – reference: KawamotoK.NakajimaT.Seasonal variation of cloud particle size from AVHRR remote sensingGeophys. Res. Lett.2003301810181310.1029/2003GL017437 – reference: WeltonE. J.CampbellJ. R.SpinhirneJ. D.ScottV. S.Global monitoring of clouds and aerosols using a network of micropulse lidar systemsProc. Lidar Remote Sensing for Industry and Environmental Monitoring, Sendai, Japan, SPIE20014153151158 – volume: 33 start-page: 5126 year: 1994 ident: 906_CR9 publication-title: Appl. 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| Snippet | Arid and semi-arid areas comprise about 30% of the earth＇s surface. Changes in climate and climate variability will likely have a significant impact on these... Arid and semi-arid areas comprise about 30% of the earth’s surface. Changes in climate and climate variability will likely have a significant impact on these... Arid and semi-arid areas comprise about 30% of the earth's surface. Changes in climate and climate variability will likely have a significant impact on these... P4; Arid and semi-arid areas comprise about 30% of the earth's surface. Changes in climate and climate variability will likely have a significant impact on... |
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| Title | An Overview of the Semi-arid Climate and Environment Research Observatory over the Loess Plateau |
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