Carbon footprint of rice production under biochar amendment – a case study in a Chinese rice cropping system

As a controversial strategy to mitigate global warming, biochar application into soil highlights the need for life cycle assessment before large‐scale practice. This study focused on the effect of biochar on carbon footprint of rice production. A field experiment was performed with three treatments:...

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Published inGlobal change biology. Bioenergy Vol. 8; no. 1; pp. 148 - 159
Main Authors Liu, Qi, Liu, Benjuan, Ambus, Per, Zhang, Yanhui, Hansen, Veronika, Lin, Zhibin, Shen, Dachun, Liu, Gang, Bei, Qicheng, Zhu, Jianguo, Wang, Xiaojie, Ma, Jing, Lin, Xingwu, Yu, Yongchang, Zhu, Chunwu, Xie, Zubin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.01.2016
Subjects
Agricultural economics
Agricultural production
Agriculture
biochar
Biomass
Carbon dioxide
Carbon footprint
Carbon sequestration
Carbon sinks
Carbon sources
Cereal crops
CH 4
Charcoal
Climate change
Corn
Corn straw
Crop production
Cropping systems
Emissions
Energy
Energy costs
Energy efficiency
Environmental impact
Footprint analysis
Global warming
Grain
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Industrial plant emissions
Life cycle analysis
Life cycle assessment
Life cycles
Methane
N2O
Nitrous oxide
Oryza
Pesticides
Precipitation
Pyrolysis
Raw materials
Rice
Rice fields
Soil gases
Soils
Straw
China
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Abstract As a controversial strategy to mitigate global warming, biochar application into soil highlights the need for life cycle assessment before large‐scale practice. This study focused on the effect of biochar on carbon footprint of rice production. A field experiment was performed with three treatments: no residue amendment (Control), 6 t ha−1 yr−1 corn straw (CS) amendment, and 2.4 t ha−1 yr−1 corn straw‐derived biochar amendment (CBC). Carbon footprint was calculated by considering carbon source processes (pyrolysis energy cost, fertilizer and pesticide input, farmwork, and soil greenhouse gas emissions) and carbon sink processes (soil carbon increment and energy offset from pyrolytic gas). On average over three consecutive rice‐growing cycles from year 2011 to 2013, the CS treatment had a much higher carbon intensity of rice (0.68 kg CO2‐C equivalent (CO2‐Ce) kg−1 grain) than that of Control (0.24 kg CO2‐Ce kg−1 grain), resulting from large soil CH4 emissions. Biochar amendment significantly increased soil carbon pool and showed no significant effect on soil total N2O and CH4 emissions relative to Control; however, due to a variation in net electric energy input of biochar production based on different pyrolysis settings, carbon intensity of rice under CBC treatment ranged from 0.04 to 0.44 kg CO2‐Ce kg−1 grain. The results indicated that biochar strategy had the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of crop production, but the energy‐efficient pyrolysis technique does matter.
AbstractList As a controversial strategy to mitigate global warming, biochar application into soil highlights the need for life cycle assessment before large‐scale practice. This study focused on the effect of biochar on carbon footprint of rice production. A field experiment was performed with three treatments: no residue amendment (Control), 6 t ha −1  yr −1 corn straw ( CS ) amendment, and 2.4 t ha −1  yr −1 corn straw‐derived biochar amendment ( CBC ). Carbon footprint was calculated by considering carbon source processes (pyrolysis energy cost, fertilizer and pesticide input, farmwork, and soil greenhouse gas emissions) and carbon sink processes (soil carbon increment and energy offset from pyrolytic gas). On average over three consecutive rice‐growing cycles from year 2011 to 2013, the CS treatment had a much higher carbon intensity of rice (0.68 kg CO 2 ‐C equivalent ( CO 2 ‐C e ) kg −1  grain) than that of Control (0.24 kg CO 2 ‐C e  kg −1 grain), resulting from large soil CH 4 emissions. Biochar amendment significantly increased soil carbon pool and showed no significant effect on soil total N 2 O and CH 4 emissions relative to Control; however, due to a variation in net electric energy input of biochar production based on different pyrolysis settings, carbon intensity of rice under CBC treatment ranged from 0.04 to 0.44 kg CO 2 ‐C e  kg −1 grain. The results indicated that biochar strategy had the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of crop production, but the energy‐efficient pyrolysis technique does matter.
As a controversial strategy to mitigate global warming, biochar application into soil highlights the need for life cycle assessment before large‐scale practice. This study focused on the effect of biochar on carbon footprint of rice production. A field experiment was performed with three treatments: no residue amendment (Control), 6 t ha−1 yr−1 corn straw (CS) amendment, and 2.4 t ha−1 yr−1 corn straw‐derived biochar amendment (CBC). Carbon footprint was calculated by considering carbon source processes (pyrolysis energy cost, fertilizer and pesticide input, farmwork, and soil greenhouse gas emissions) and carbon sink processes (soil carbon increment and energy offset from pyrolytic gas). On average over three consecutive rice‐growing cycles from year 2011 to 2013, the CS treatment had a much higher carbon intensity of rice (0.68 kg CO2‐C equivalent (CO2‐Ce) kg−1 grain) than that of Control (0.24 kg CO2‐Ce kg−1 grain), resulting from large soil CH4 emissions. Biochar amendment significantly increased soil carbon pool and showed no significant effect on soil total N2O and CH4 emissions relative to Control; however, due to a variation in net electric energy input of biochar production based on different pyrolysis settings, carbon intensity of rice under CBC treatment ranged from 0.04 to 0.44 kg CO2‐Ce kg−1 grain. The results indicated that biochar strategy had the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of crop production, but the energy‐efficient pyrolysis technique does matter.
As a controversial strategy to mitigate global warming, biochar application into soil highlights the need for life cycle assessment before large-scale practice. This study focused on the effect of biochar on carbon footprint of rice production. A field experiment was performed with three treatments: no residue amendment (Control), 6 t ha−1 yr−1 corn straw (CS) amendment, and 2.4 t ha−1 yr−1 corn straw-derived biochar amendment (CBC). Carbon footprint was calculated by considering carbon source processes (pyrolysis energy cost, fertilizer and pesticide input, farmwork, and soil greenhouse gas emissions) and carbon sink processes (soil carbon increment and energy offset from pyrolytic gas). On average over three consecutive rice-growing cycles from year 2011 to 2013, the CS treatment had a much higher carbon intensity of rice (0.68 kg CO2-C equivalent (CO2-Ce) kg−1 grain) than that of Control (0.24 kg CO2-Ce kg−1 grain), resulting from large soil CH4 emissions. Biochar amendment significantly increased soil carbon pool and showed no significant effect on soil total N2O and CH4 emissions relative to Control; however, due to a variation in net electric energy input of biochar production based on different pyrolysis settings, carbon intensity of rice under CBC treatment ranged from 0.04 to 0.44 kg CO2-Ce kg−1 grain. The results indicated that biochar strategy had the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of crop production, but the energy-efficient pyrolysis technique does matter.
As a controversial strategy to mitigate global warming, biochar application into soil highlights the need for life cycle assessment before large-scale practice. This study focused on the effect of biochar on carbon footprint of rice production. A field experiment was performed with three treatments: no residue amendment (Control), 6 t ha super(-1) yr super(-1) corn straw (CS) amendment, and 2.4 t ha super(-1 )y r super(-1) corn straw-derived biochar amendment (CBC). Carbon footprint was calculated by considering carbon source processes (pyrolysis energy cost, fertilizer and pesticide input, farmwork, and soil greenhouse gas emissions) and carbon sink processes (soil carbon increment and energy offset from pyrolytic gas). On average over three consecutive rice-growing cycles from year 2011 to 2013, the CS treatment had a much higher carbon intensity of rice (0.68 kg CO sub(2)-C equivalent (CO sub(2)-C sub(e)) kg super(-1 )grain) than that of Control (0.24 kg CO sub(2)-C sub(e )kg super(-1) grain), resulting from large soil CH sub(4) emissions. Biochar amendment significantly increased soil carbon pool and showed no significant effect on soil total N sub(2)O and CH sub(4) emissions relative to Control; however, due to a variation in net electric energy input of biochar production based on different pyrolysis settings, carbon intensity of rice under CBC treatment ranged from 0.04 to 0.44 kg CO sub(2)-C sub(e )kg super(-1) grain. The results indicated that biochar strategy had the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of crop production, but the energy-efficient pyrolysis technique does matter.
Author Liu, Gang
Zhu, Jianguo
Shen, Dachun
Lin, Xingwu
Zhang, Yanhui
Yu, Yongchang
Liu, Qi
Liu, Benjuan
Ma, Jing
Zhu, Chunwu
Hansen, Veronika
Lin, Zhibin
Ambus, Per
Xie, Zubin
Wang, Xiaojie
Bei, Qicheng
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  organization: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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  organization: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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  surname: Ambus
  fullname: Ambus, Per
  organization: Technical University of Denmark
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  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Yanhui
  organization: Huaibei Normal University
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  givenname: Veronika
  surname: Hansen
  fullname: Hansen, Veronika
  organization: Technical University of Denmark
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  organization: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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  organization: Nanjing Agricultural University
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  organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences
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  organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences
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  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Xiaojie
  organization: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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  fullname: Ma, Jing
  organization: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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  givenname: Xingwu
  surname: Lin
  fullname: Lin, Xingwu
  organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences
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  fullname: Yu, Yongchang
  organization: Nantong Science and Technology College
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  fullname: Zhu, Chunwu
  organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Zubin
  surname: Xie
  fullname: Xie, Zubin
  organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences
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PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2016
  text: January 2016
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Oxford
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Oxford
PublicationTitle Global change biology. Bioenergy
PublicationYear 2016
Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Publisher_xml – name: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
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Snippet As a controversial strategy to mitigate global warming, biochar application into soil highlights the need for life cycle assessment before large‐scale...
As a controversial strategy to mitigate global warming, biochar application into soil highlights the need for life cycle assessment before large-scale...
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StartPage 148
SubjectTerms Agricultural economics
Agricultural production
Agriculture
biochar
Biomass
Carbon dioxide
Carbon footprint
Carbon sequestration
Carbon sinks
Carbon sources
Cereal crops
CH 4
Charcoal
Climate change
Corn
Corn straw
Crop production
Cropping systems
Emissions
Energy
Energy costs
Energy efficiency
Environmental impact
Footprint analysis
Global warming
Grain
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Industrial plant emissions
Life cycle analysis
Life cycle assessment
Life cycles
Methane
N2O
Nitrous oxide
Oryza
Pesticides
Precipitation
Pyrolysis
Raw materials
Rice
Rice fields
Soil gases
Soils
Straw
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Title Carbon footprint of rice production under biochar amendment – a case study in a Chinese rice cropping system
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fgcbb.12248
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2290103153
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1776664840
Volume 8
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