The emerging role of CTLA4 as a cell-extrinsic regulator of T cell responses

• Published in: Nature reviews. Immunology Vol. 11; no. 12; pp. 852 - 863
• Main Authors: Walker, Lucy S. K., Sansom, David M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.12.2011; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 38; 631/250/1619/554/1775; 631/250/2152/1566; Animals; Antigen Presentation; Biomedicine; CD28 Antigens - immunology; Cells; Cells, Cultured - immunology; Clathrin-Coated Vesicles - immunology; CTLA-4 Antigen - deficiency; CTLA-4 Antigen - genetics; CTLA-4 Antigen - immunology; CTLA-4 protein; Cytotoxicity; Data processing; Endocytosis; Genetic aspects; Health aspects; Humans; Immune response; Immune system; Immune Tolerance - immunology; Immunology; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase - metabolism; Interleukin-2; Ligands; Lymphocyte Activation - immunology; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Mice; Mice, Inbred NOD; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Transgenic; Models, Immunological; Physiological aspects; Protein Isoforms - immunology; Proteins; Radiation Chimera; review-article; Signal Transduction - immunology; T cells; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology; Thymus gland; Transforming growth factors; United Kingdom

Key Points Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and its homologue CD28 are crucial T cell proteins associated with immune regulation. They share the same ligands, CD80 and CD86, which are present on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). CTLA4-deficient mice suffer from fatal lymphoproliferative disea...