Sarcopenic Dysphagia, Malnutrition, and Oral Frailty in Elderly: A Comprehensive Review

Frailty is a highly prevalent condition in the elderly that has been increasingly considered as a crucial public health issue, due to the strict correlation with a higher risk of fragility fractures, hospitalization, and mortality. Among the age-related diseases, sarcopenia and dysphagia are two com...

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Published inNutrients Vol. 14; no. 5; p. 982
Main Authors de Sire, Alessandro, Ferrillo, Martina, Lippi, Lorenzo, Agostini, Francesco, de Sire, Roberto, Ferrara, Paola Emilia, Raguso, Giuseppe, Riso, Sergio, Roccuzzo, Andrea, Ronconi, Gianpaolo, Invernizzi, Marco, Migliario, Mario
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 25.02.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Aged
Chronic illnesses
cognitive disorders
complications (disease)
deglutition
Deglutition Disorders - complications
Deglutition Disorders - epidemiology
dysphagia
elderly
Frail Elderly
Frailty
Frailty - complications
health status
Humans
immune system
malnutrition
Malnutrition - complications
Malnutrition - epidemiology
mortality
nutrient intake
Nutrition
Older people
oral health
oral hygiene
Osteoporosis
people
public health
Review
risk
sarcopenia
Sarcopenia - complications
Sarcopenia - epidemiology
malnutrition
elderly
dysphagia
oral health
sarcopenic dysphagia
osteoporosis
sarcopenia
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Abstract Frailty is a highly prevalent condition in the elderly that has been increasingly considered as a crucial public health issue, due to the strict correlation with a higher risk of fragility fractures, hospitalization, and mortality. Among the age-related diseases, sarcopenia and dysphagia are two common pathological conditions in frail older people and could coexist leading to dehydration and malnutrition in these subjects. “Sarcopenic dysphagia” is a complex condition characterized by deglutition impairment due to the loss of mass and strength of swallowing muscles and might be also related to poor oral health status. Moreover, the aging process is strictly related to poor oral health status due to direct impairment of the immune system and wound healing and physical and cognitive impairment might indirectly influence older people’s ability to carry out adequate oral hygiene. Therefore, poor oral health might affect nutrient intake, leading to malnutrition and, consequently, to frailty. In this scenario, sarcopenia, dysphagia, and oral health are closely linked sharing common pathophysiological pathways, disabling sequelae, and frailty. Thus, the aim of the present comprehensive review is to describe the correlation among sarcopenic dysphagia, malnutrition, and oral frailty, characterizing their phenotypically overlapping features, to propose a comprehensive and effective management of elderly frail subjects.
AbstractList Frailty is a highly prevalent condition in the elderly that has been increasingly considered as a crucial public health issue, due to the strict correlation with a higher risk of fragility fractures, hospitalization, and mortality. Among the age-related diseases, sarcopenia and dysphagia are two common pathological conditions in frail older people and could coexist leading to dehydration and malnutrition in these subjects. “Sarcopenic dysphagia” is a complex condition characterized by deglutition impairment due to the loss of mass and strength of swallowing muscles and might be also related to poor oral health status. Moreover, the aging process is strictly related to poor oral health status due to direct impairment of the immune system and wound healing and physical and cognitive impairment might indirectly influence older people’s ability to carry out adequate oral hygiene. Therefore, poor oral health might affect nutrient intake, leading to malnutrition and, consequently, to frailty. In this scenario, sarcopenia, dysphagia, and oral health are closely linked sharing common pathophysiological pathways, disabling sequelae, and frailty. Thus, the aim of the present comprehensive review is to describe the correlation among sarcopenic dysphagia, malnutrition, and oral frailty, characterizing their phenotypically overlapping features, to propose a comprehensive and effective management of elderly frail subjects.
Frailty is a highly prevalent condition in the elderly that has been increasingly considered as a crucial public health issue, due to the strict correlation with a higher risk of fragility fractures, hospitalization, and mortality. Among the age-related diseases, sarcopenia and dysphagia are two common pathological conditions in frail older people and could coexist leading to dehydration and malnutrition in these subjects. "Sarcopenic dysphagia" is a complex condition characterized by deglutition impairment due to the loss of mass and strength of swallowing muscles and might be also related to poor oral health status. Moreover, the aging process is strictly related to poor oral health status due to direct impairment of the immune system and wound healing and physical and cognitive impairment might indirectly influence older people's ability to carry out adequate oral hygiene. Therefore, poor oral health might affect nutrient intake, leading to malnutrition and, consequently, to frailty. In this scenario, sarcopenia, dysphagia, and oral health are closely linked sharing common pathophysiological pathways, disabling sequelae, and frailty. Thus, the aim of the present comprehensive review is to describe the correlation among sarcopenic dysphagia, malnutrition, and oral frailty, characterizing their phenotypically overlapping features, to propose a comprehensive and effective management of elderly frail subjects.Frailty is a highly prevalent condition in the elderly that has been increasingly considered as a crucial public health issue, due to the strict correlation with a higher risk of fragility fractures, hospitalization, and mortality. Among the age-related diseases, sarcopenia and dysphagia are two common pathological conditions in frail older people and could coexist leading to dehydration and malnutrition in these subjects. "Sarcopenic dysphagia" is a complex condition characterized by deglutition impairment due to the loss of mass and strength of swallowing muscles and might be also related to poor oral health status. Moreover, the aging process is strictly related to poor oral health status due to direct impairment of the immune system and wound healing and physical and cognitive impairment might indirectly influence older people's ability to carry out adequate oral hygiene. Therefore, poor oral health might affect nutrient intake, leading to malnutrition and, consequently, to frailty. In this scenario, sarcopenia, dysphagia, and oral health are closely linked sharing common pathophysiological pathways, disabling sequelae, and frailty. Thus, the aim of the present comprehensive review is to describe the correlation among sarcopenic dysphagia, malnutrition, and oral frailty, characterizing their phenotypically overlapping features, to propose a comprehensive and effective management of elderly frail subjects.
Author Lippi, Lorenzo
de Sire, Alessandro
Riso, Sergio
de Sire, Roberto
Ferrara, Paola Emilia
Raguso, Giuseppe
Migliario, Mario
Invernizzi, Marco
Ferrillo, Martina
Agostini, Francesco
Roccuzzo, Andrea
Ronconi, Gianpaolo
AuthorAffiliation 7 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; ragusogiu@gmail.com
12 Dental Clinic, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; mario.migliario@med.uniupo.it
4 Department of Anatomical and Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; francescoagostini.ff@gmail.com
9 Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; andrea.roccuzzo@zmk.unibe.ch
5 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy; roberto.desire@libero.it
10 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
8 Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; sergio.riso@maggioreosp.novara.it
6 University Polyclinic Foundation Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Catholi
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 5 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy; roberto.desire@libero.it
– name: 8 Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; sergio.riso@maggioreosp.novara.it
– name: 1 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
– name: 3 Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; lorenzolippi.mt@gmail.com (L.L.); marco.invernizzi@med.uniupo.it (M.I.)
– name: 12 Dental Clinic, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; mario.migliario@med.uniupo.it
– name: 4 Department of Anatomical and Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; francescoagostini.ff@gmail.com
– name: 2 Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
– name: 7 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; ragusogiu@gmail.com
– name: 9 Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; andrea.roccuzzo@zmk.unibe.ch
– name: 6 University Polyclinic Foundation Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; paolaemilia.ferrara@policlinicogemelli.it (P.E.F.); gianpaolo.ronconi@policlinicogemelli.it (G.R.)
– name: 10 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
– name: 11 Translational Medicine, Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Alessandro
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5541-8346
  surname: de Sire
  fullname: de Sire, Alessandro
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Martina
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1878-4694
  surname: Ferrillo
  fullname: Ferrillo, Martina
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Lorenzo
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9035-1485
  surname: Lippi
  fullname: Lippi, Lorenzo
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Francesco
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3162-3473
  surname: Agostini
  fullname: Agostini, Francesco
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Roberto
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6448-2649
  surname: de Sire
  fullname: de Sire, Roberto
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Paola Emilia
  surname: Ferrara
  fullname: Ferrara, Paola Emilia
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Giuseppe
  surname: Raguso
  fullname: Raguso, Giuseppe
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Sergio
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8798-1224
  surname: Riso
  fullname: Riso, Sergio
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Andrea
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8079-0860
  surname: Roccuzzo
  fullname: Roccuzzo, Andrea
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Gianpaolo
  surname: Ronconi
  fullname: Ronconi, Gianpaolo
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Marco
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5141-0681
  surname: Invernizzi
  fullname: Invernizzi, Marco
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Mario
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1627-4164
  surname: Migliario
  fullname: Migliario, Mario
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35267957$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords malnutrition
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dysphagia
oral health
sarcopenic dysphagia
osteoporosis
sarcopenia
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Snippet Frailty is a highly prevalent condition in the elderly that has been increasingly considered as a crucial public health issue, due to the strict correlation...
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SubjectTerms Aged
Chronic illnesses
cognitive disorders
complications (disease)
deglutition
Deglutition Disorders - complications
Deglutition Disorders - epidemiology
dysphagia
elderly
Frail Elderly
Frailty
Frailty - complications
health status
Humans
immune system
malnutrition
Malnutrition - complications
Malnutrition - epidemiology
mortality
nutrient intake
Nutrition
Older people
oral health
oral hygiene
Osteoporosis
people
public health
Review
risk
sarcopenia
Sarcopenia - complications
Sarcopenia - epidemiology
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Title Sarcopenic Dysphagia, Malnutrition, and Oral Frailty in Elderly: A Comprehensive Review
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