Urine Caffeine Concentration in Doping Control Samples from 2004 to 2015

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 11; no. 2; p. 286
• Main Authors: Aguilar-Navarro, Millán, Muñoz, Gloria, Salinero, Juan José, Muñoz-Guerra, Jesús, Fernández-Álvarez, María, Plata, María del Mar, Del Coso, Juan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 29.01.2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Athletes; Caffeine; Dietary supplements; Energy drinks; Laboratories; monitoring; Olympic games; Rugby; Spain; sports; strength training; Urine; Spain; pharmacokinetics; exercise; elite athlete; energy drink; performance

The ergogenic effect of caffeine is well-established, but the extent of its consumption in sport is unknown at the present. The use of caffeine was considered “prohibited” until 2004, but this stimulant was moved from the List of Prohibited Substances to the Monitoring Program of the World Anti-Dopi...