Detecting climatically driven phylogenetic and morphological divergence among spruce (Picea) species worldwide
This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between climate and the phylogenetic and morphological divergence of spruces (Picea) worldwide. Climatic and georeferenced data were collected from a total of 3388 sites distributed within the global domain of spruce species. A phylogenetic tree and a m...
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Published in | Biogeosciences Vol. 14; no. 9; pp. 2307 - 2319 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Copernicus GmbH
05.05.2017
Copernicus Publications |
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Abstract | This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between climate and the phylogenetic and morphological divergence of spruces (Picea) worldwide. Climatic and georeferenced data were collected from a total of 3388 sites distributed within the global domain of spruce species. A phylogenetic tree and a morphological tree for the global spruces were reconstructed based on DNA sequences and morphological characteristics. Spatial evolutionary and ecological vicariance analysis (SEEVA) was used to detect the ecological divergence among spruces. A divergence index (D) with (0, 1) scaling was calculated for each climatic factor at each node for both trees. The annual mean values, extreme values and annual range of the climatic variables were among the major determinants for spruce divergence. The ecological divergence was significant (P < 0. 001) for 185 of the 279 comparisons at 31 nodes in the phylogenetic tree, as well as for 196 of the 288 comparisons at 32 nodes in the morphological tree. Temperature parameters and precipitation parameters tended to be the main driving factors for the primary divergences of spruce phylogeny and morphology, respectively. Generally, the maximum D of the climatic variables was smaller in the basal nodes than in the remaining nodes. Notably, the primary divergence of morphology and phylogeny among the investigated spruces tended to be driven by different selective pressures. Given the climate scenario of severe and widespread drought over land areas in the next 30–90 years, our findings shed light on the prediction of spruce distribution under future climate change. |
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AbstractList | This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between climate and the phylogenetic and morphological divergence of spruces (Picea) worldwide. Climatic and georeferenced data were collected from a total of 3388 sites distributed within the global domain of spruce species. A phylogenetic tree and a morphological tree for the global spruces were reconstructed based on DNA sequences and morphological characteristics. Spatial evolutionary and ecological vicariance analysis (SEEVA) was used to detect the ecological divergence among spruces. A divergence index (D) with (0, 1) scaling was calculated for each climatic factor at each node for both trees. The annual mean values, extreme values and annual range of the climatic variables were among the major determinants for spruce divergence. The ecological divergence was significant (P<0.001) for 185 of the 279 comparisons at 31 nodes in the phylogenetic tree, as well as for 196 of the 288 comparisons at 32 nodes in the morphological tree. Temperature parameters and precipitation parameters tended to be the main driving factors for the primary divergences of spruce phylogeny and morphology, respectively. Generally, the maximum D of the climatic variables was smaller in the basal nodes than in the remaining nodes. Notably, the primary divergence of morphology and phylogeny among the investigated spruces tended to be driven by different selective pressures. Given the climate scenario of severe and widespread drought over land areas in the next 30–90 years, our findings shed light on the prediction of spruce distribution under future climate change. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between climate and the phylogenetic and morphological divergence of spruces (Picea) worldwide. Climatic and georeferenced data were collected from a total of 3388 sites distributed within the global domain of spruce species. A phylogenetic tree and a morphological tree for the global spruces were reconstructed based on DNA sequences and morphological characteristics. Spatial evolutionary and ecological vicariance analysis (SEEVA) was used to detect the ecological divergence among spruces. A divergence index (D) with (0, 1) scaling was calculated for each climatic factor at each node for both trees. The annual mean values, extreme values and annual range of the climatic variables were among the major determinants for spruce divergence. The ecological divergence was significant (P < 0. 001) for 185 of the 279 comparisons at 31 nodes in the phylogenetic tree, as well as for 196 of the 288 comparisons at 32 nodes in the morphological tree. Temperature parameters and precipitation parameters tended to be the main driving factors for the primary divergences of spruce phylogeny and morphology, respectively. Generally, the maximum D of the climatic variables was smaller in the basal nodes than in the remaining nodes. Notably, the primary divergence of morphology and phylogeny among the investigated spruces tended to be driven by different selective pressures. Given the climate scenario of severe and widespread drought over land areas in the next 30–90 years, our findings shed light on the prediction of spruce distribution under future climate change. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between climate and the phylogenetic and morphological divergence of spruces (Picea) worldwide. Climatic and georeferenced data were collected from a total of 3388 sites distributed within the global domain of spruce species. A phylogenetic tree and a morphological tree for the global spruces were reconstructed based on DNA sequences and morphological characteristics. Spatial evolutionary and ecological vicariance analysis (SEEVA) was used to detect the ecological divergence among spruces. A divergence index (D) with (0, 1) scaling was calculated for each climatic factor at each node for both trees. The annual mean values, extreme values and annual range of the climatic variables were among the major determinants for spruce divergence. The ecological divergence was significant (P < 0. 001) for 185 of the 279 comparisons at 31 nodes in the phylogenetic tree, as well as for 196 of the 288 comparisons at 32 nodes in the morphological tree. Temperature parameters and precipitation parameters tended to be the main driving factors for the primary divergences of spruce phylogeny and morphology, respectively. Generally, the maximum D of the climatic variables was smaller in the basal nodes than in the remaining nodes. Notably, the primary divergence of morphology and phylogeny among the investigated spruces tended to be driven by different selective pressures. Given the climate scenario of severe and widespread drought over land areas in the next 30-90Â years, our findings shed light on the prediction of spruce distribution under future climate change. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Li, He Wang, Guo-Hong Zhao, Hai-Wei Zhang, Wei-Kang |
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Cites_doi | 10.1086/657060 10.1093/icb/10.1.7 10.1002/ece3.1971 10.2307/1218877 10.1093/jpe/rtu009 10.1093/molbev/msv033 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03112.x 10.1093/molbev/msp301 10.1111/1365-2435.12388 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.010802.150448 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb01088.x 10.1139/b75-189 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.039 10.1126/science.1117727 10.3732/ajb.0900134 10.1600/036364415X689384 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102803.095431 10.1016/j.tree.2017.01.003 10.1554/04-309 10.1111/brv.12154 10.1086/383621 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00531.x 10.1002/joc.1276 10.1002/2015GL064127 10.2307/2405327 10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.002501 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02532.x 10.2307/2844968 10.1126/science.1096413 10.1007/BF02803253 10.1126/science.285.5431.1265 10.1111/jbi.12841 10.1002/tax.595003 10.1038/35016000 10.1038/nclimate1633 10.1554/03-447 10.3732/ajb.1100568 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.004 10.1073/pnas.55.3.543 10.1111/j.1756-1051.1993.tb00043.x |
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SubjectTerms | Analysis Animal behavior Annual range Biological evolution Classification schemes Climate Climate change Deoxyribonucleic acid Divergence DNA Drought Ecological monitoring Eigenvalues Environmental effects Evergreen trees Evolution Extreme values Future climates Gene sequencing Genetic aspects Influence Mathematical analysis Morphological diversity Morphology Nodes Nucleotide sequence Parameters Phylogenetics Phylogeny Physical characteristics Physiological aspects Picea Precipitation Rainfall Scaling Spatial analysis Spatial distribution Spruces Taxonomy Temperature effects Trees |
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Title | Detecting climatically driven phylogenetic and morphological divergence among spruce (Picea) species worldwide |
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