Characteristics of the VOR in Response to Linear Acceleration
: The primate linear VOR (LVOR) includes two forms. First, eye‐movement responses to translation [e.g., horizontal responses to interaural (IA) motion] help maintain binocular fixation on targets, and therefore a stable bifoveal image. The translational LVOR is strongly modulated by fixation distanc...
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| Published in | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol. 871; no. 1; pp. 123 - 135 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.01.1999
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0077-8923 1749-6632 |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09179.x |
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| Abstract | : The primate linear VOR (LVOR) includes two forms. First, eye‐movement responses to translation [e.g., horizontal responses to interaural (IA) motion] help maintain binocular fixation on targets, and therefore a stable bifoveal image. The translational LVOR is strongly modulated by fixation distance, and operates with high‐pass dynamics (>1 Hz). Second, other LVOR responses occur that cannot be compensatory for translation and instead seem compensatory for head tilt. This reflects an otolith response ambiguity‐that is, an inability to distinguish head translation from head tilt relative to gravity. Thus, ocular torsion is appropriately compensatory for head roll‐tilt, but also occurs during IA translation, since both stimuli entail IA acceleration. Unlike the IA‐horizontal response, IA torsion behaves with low‐pass dynamics (with respect to “tilt”), and is uninfluenced by fixation distance. Interestingly, roll‐tilt, like IA translation, also produces both horizontal (a translational reflex) and torsional (a tilt reflex) responses, further emphasizing the ambiguity problem. Early data from subjects following unilateral labyrinthectomy, which demonstrates a general immediate decline in translational LVOR responses, are also presented, followed by only modest recovery over several months. Interestingly, the usual high‐pass dynamics of these reflexes shift to an even higher cutoff. Both eyes respond roughly equally, suggesting that unilateral otolith input generates a binocularly symmetric LVOR. |
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| AbstractList | : The primate linear VOR (LVOR) includes two forms. First, eye‐movement responses to translation [e.g., horizontal responses to interaural (IA) motion] help maintain binocular fixation on targets, and therefore a stable bifoveal image. The translational LVOR is strongly modulated by fixation distance, and operates with high‐pass dynamics (>1 Hz). Second, other LVOR responses occur that cannot be compensatory for translation and instead seem compensatory for head tilt. This reflects an otolith response ambiguity‐that is, an inability to distinguish head translation from head tilt relative to gravity. Thus, ocular torsion is appropriately compensatory for head roll‐tilt, but also occurs during IA translation, since both stimuli entail IA acceleration. Unlike the IA‐horizontal response, IA torsion behaves with low‐pass dynamics (with respect to “tilt”), and is uninfluenced by fixation distance. Interestingly, roll‐tilt, like IA translation, also produces both horizontal (a translational reflex) and torsional (a tilt reflex) responses, further emphasizing the ambiguity problem. Early data from subjects following unilateral labyrinthectomy, which demonstrates a general immediate decline in translational LVOR responses, are also presented, followed by only modest recovery over several months. Interestingly, the usual high‐pass dynamics of these reflexes shift to an even higher cutoff. Both eyes respond roughly equally, suggesting that unilateral otolith input generates a binocularly symmetric LVOR. A bstract : The primate linear VOR (LVOR) includes two forms. First, eye‐movement responses to translation [e.g., horizontal responses to interaural (IA) motion] help maintain binocular fixation on targets, and therefore a stable bifoveal image. The translational LVOR is strongly modulated by fixation distance, and operates with high‐pass dynamics (>1 Hz). Second, other LVOR responses occur that cannot be compensatory for translation and instead seem compensatory for head tilt. This reflects an otolith response ambiguity‐that is, an inability to distinguish head translation from head tilt relative to gravity. Thus, ocular torsion is appropriately compensatory for head roll‐tilt, but also occurs during IA translation, since both stimuli entail IA acceleration. Unlike the IA‐horizontal response, IA torsion behaves with low‐pass dynamics (with respect to “tilt”), and is uninfluenced by fixation distance. Interestingly, roll‐tilt, like IA translation, also produces both horizontal (a translational reflex) and torsional (a tilt reflex) responses, further emphasizing the ambiguity problem. Early data from subjects following unilateral labyrinthectomy, which demonstrates a general immediate decline in translational LVOR responses, are also presented, followed by only modest recovery over several months. Interestingly, the usual high‐pass dynamics of these reflexes shift to an even higher cutoff. Both eyes respond roughly equally, suggesting that unilateral otolith input generates a binocularly symmetric LVOR. The primate linear VOR (LVOR) includes two forms. First, eye-movement responses to translation [e.g., horizontal responses to interaural (i.a.) motion] help maintain binocular fixation on targets, and therefore a stable bifoveal image. The translational LVOR is strongly modulated by fixation distance, and operates with high-pass dynamics (> 1 Hz). Second, other LVOR responses occur that cannot be compensatory for translation and instead seem compensatory for head tilt. This reflects an otolith response ambiguity--that is, an inability to distinguish head translation from head tilt relative to gravity. Thus, ocular torsion is appropriately compensatory for head roll-tilt, but also occurs during IA translation, since both stimuli entail IA acceleration. Unlike the IA-horizontal response, IA torsion behaves with low-pass dynamics (with respect to "tilt"), and is uninfluenced by fixation distance. Interestingly, roll-tilt, like IA translation, also produces both horizontal (a translational reflex) and torsional (a tilt reflex) responses, further emphasizing the ambiguity problem. Early data from subjects following unilateral labyrinthectomy, which demonstrates a general immediate decline in translational LVOR responses, are also presented, followed by only modest recovery over several months. Interestingly, the usual high-pass dynamics of these reflexes shift to an even higher cutoff. Both eyes respond roughly equally, suggesting that unilateral otolith input generates a binocularly symmetric LVOR.The primate linear VOR (LVOR) includes two forms. First, eye-movement responses to translation [e.g., horizontal responses to interaural (i.a.) motion] help maintain binocular fixation on targets, and therefore a stable bifoveal image. The translational LVOR is strongly modulated by fixation distance, and operates with high-pass dynamics (> 1 Hz). Second, other LVOR responses occur that cannot be compensatory for translation and instead seem compensatory for head tilt. This reflects an otolith response ambiguity--that is, an inability to distinguish head translation from head tilt relative to gravity. Thus, ocular torsion is appropriately compensatory for head roll-tilt, but also occurs during IA translation, since both stimuli entail IA acceleration. Unlike the IA-horizontal response, IA torsion behaves with low-pass dynamics (with respect to "tilt"), and is uninfluenced by fixation distance. Interestingly, roll-tilt, like IA translation, also produces both horizontal (a translational reflex) and torsional (a tilt reflex) responses, further emphasizing the ambiguity problem. Early data from subjects following unilateral labyrinthectomy, which demonstrates a general immediate decline in translational LVOR responses, are also presented, followed by only modest recovery over several months. Interestingly, the usual high-pass dynamics of these reflexes shift to an even higher cutoff. Both eyes respond roughly equally, suggesting that unilateral otolith input generates a binocularly symmetric LVOR. The primate linear VOR (LVOR) includes two forms. First, eye-movement responses to translation [e.g., horizontal responses to interaural (i.a.) motion] help maintain binocular fixation on targets, and therefore a stable bifoveal image. The translational LVOR is strongly modulated by fixation distance, and operates with high-pass dynamics (> 1 Hz). Second, other LVOR responses occur that cannot be compensatory for translation and instead seem compensatory for head tilt. This reflects an otolith response ambiguity--that is, an inability to distinguish head translation from head tilt relative to gravity. Thus, ocular torsion is appropriately compensatory for head roll-tilt, but also occurs during IA translation, since both stimuli entail IA acceleration. Unlike the IA-horizontal response, IA torsion behaves with low-pass dynamics (with respect to "tilt"), and is uninfluenced by fixation distance. Interestingly, roll-tilt, like IA translation, also produces both horizontal (a translational reflex) and torsional (a tilt reflex) responses, further emphasizing the ambiguity problem. Early data from subjects following unilateral labyrinthectomy, which demonstrates a general immediate decline in translational LVOR responses, are also presented, followed by only modest recovery over several months. Interestingly, the usual high-pass dynamics of these reflexes shift to an even higher cutoff. Both eyes respond roughly equally, suggesting that unilateral otolith input generates a binocularly symmetric LVOR. |
| Author | PAIGE, GARY D. SEIDMAN, SCOTT H. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: GARY D. surname: PAIGE fullname: PAIGE, GARY D. email: gary_paige@urmc.rochester.edu organization: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: SCOTT H. surname: SEIDMAN fullname: SEIDMAN, SCOTT H. organization: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10372066$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Neurophysiol. 49: 152-168. 1997; 114 1996; 109 1986; 56 1976; 81 1993; 41 1980; 43 1998; 119 1998; 118 1996; 781 1998; 80 1988; 73 1996; 70 1992; 32 1996; 76 1996; 75 1990; 3 1992; 91 1994; 100 1982; 48 1991; 481 1989; 468 1991; 87 1991; 65 1991; 66 1988; 69 1995; 21 1997; 78 1995; 106 1992; 656 1995; 104 1992; 68 1996; 110 1995; 520 1976; 39 1983; 49 1992; 67 1968; 32 1994; 98 1996; 6 1998; 8 1996; 22 e_1_2_5_48_2 e_1_2_5_25_2 e_1_2_5_46_2 e_1_2_5_44_2 e_1_2_5_21_2 Demer J. L. (e_1_2_5_12_2) 1992; 68 Angelaki D. E. (e_1_2_5_3_2) 1996; 75 e_1_2_5_40_2 Angelaki D. E. (e_1_2_5_4_2) 1996; 75 e_1_2_5_13_2 e_1_2_5_38_2 e_1_2_5_9_2 e_1_2_5_15_2 e_1_2_5_7_2 Paige G. D. (e_1_2_5_27_2) 1995; 21 e_1_2_5_34_2 e_1_2_5_5_2 e_1_2_5_11_2 e_1_2_5_32_2 e_1_2_5_17_2 Viirre E. (e_1_2_5_50_2) 1986; 56 e_1_2_5_26_2 e_1_2_5_49_2 e_1_2_5_47_2 e_1_2_5_45_2 e_1_2_5_20_2 e_1_2_5_43_2 e_1_2_5_28_2 McConville K. M. V. (e_1_2_5_19_2) 1996; 76 e_1_2_5_41_2 Paige G. D. (e_1_2_5_29_2) 1996; 22 Merfeld D. M. (e_1_2_5_22_2) 1995; 106 e_1_2_5_14_2 Paige G. D. (e_1_2_5_24_2) 1983; 49 e_1_2_5_37_2 e_1_2_5_16_2 e_1_2_5_35_2 e_1_2_5_8_2 e_1_2_5_10_2 e_1_2_5_33_2 e_1_2_5_6_2 Paige G. D. (e_1_2_5_30_2) 1991; 65 Snyder L. H. (e_1_2_5_42_2) 1992; 67 e_1_2_5_2_2 Paige G. D. (e_1_2_5_31_2) 1991; 65 e_1_2_5_18_2 e_1_2_5_39_2 Schwarz U. (e_1_2_5_36_2) 1991; 66 Miles F. A. (e_1_2_5_23_2) 1980; 43 |
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| Snippet | : The primate linear VOR (LVOR) includes two forms. First, eye‐movement responses to translation [e.g., horizontal responses to interaural (IA) motion] help... A bstract : The primate linear VOR (LVOR) includes two forms. First, eye‐movement responses to translation [e.g., horizontal responses to interaural (IA)... The primate linear VOR (LVOR) includes two forms. First, eye-movement responses to translation [e.g., horizontal responses to interaural (i.a.) motion] help... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acceleration Animals Models, Biological Posture - physiology Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular - physiology Vestibule, Labyrinth - physiology Vision, Ocular - physiology |
| Title | Characteristics of the VOR in Response to Linear Acceleration |
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