Do trans fatty acids from industrially produced sources and from natural sources have the same effect on cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy subjects? Results of the trans Fatty Acids Collaboration (TRANSFACT) study

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 87; no. 3; pp. 558 - 566
• Main Authors: Chardigny, Jean-Michel, Destaillats, Frédéric, Malpuech-Brugère, Corinne, Moulin, Julie, Bauman, Dale E, Lock, Adam L, Barbano, Dave M, Mensink, Ronald P, Bezelgues, Jean-Baptiste, Chaumont, Patrice, Combe, Nicole, Cristiani, Isabelle, Joffre, Florent, German, J. Bruce, Dionisi, Fabiola, Boirie, Yves, Sébédio, Jean-Louis
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD American Society for Nutrition 01.03.2008; American Society for Clinical Nutrition; American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: administration & dosage; Adult; adverse effects; analysis; Apolipoprotein A-I; Apolipoprotein A-I - blood; apolipoproteins; Apolipoproteins - blood; Apolipoproteins B; Apolipoproteins B - blood; Biological and medical sciences; blood; Butter; Butter - analysis; Cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cheese; Cheese - analysis; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Comparative analysis; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Effects; energy; epidemiology; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Food and Nutrition; foods; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; high density lipoprotein; Humans; Life Sciences; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Lipoproteins - blood; Low density lipoprotein; Male; men; metabolism; monounsaturated fatty acids; Particle Size; particle size distribution; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Studies; Trans fats; trans fatty acids; Trans Fatty Acids - administration & dosage; Trans Fatty Acids - adverse effects; Trans Fatty Acids - metabolism; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; women; Human; trans fatty acids; Healthy subject; Nutrition; Lipids; Cardiovascular disease; Lipoprotein; Cholesterol; Feeding; Trans fatty acid; Risk factor; nutrition in public health; Cardiovascular disease risk factor; Public health; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTOR; NUTRITION IN PUBLIC HEALTH; LIPOPROTEIN; TRANS FATTY ACID; CHOLESTEROL; ALIMENT SANTE POUR HOMME
• DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.3.558
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207

BACKGROUND: The consumption of monounsaturated trans fatty acids (TFAs) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Putative differences between the effects of TFAs from industrially produced and natural sources on CVD risk markers were not previously investigated in healthy subjects. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the effects of TFAs from industrially produced and natural sources on HDL and LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein particle size and distribution, apolipoproteins, and other lipids in healthy subjects. DESIGN: In a randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover design, 46 healthy subjects (22 men and 24 women) consumed food items containing TFAs (11-12 g/d, representing [almost equal to]5% of daily energy) from the 2 sources. RESULTS: Forty subjects (19 men and 21 women) completed the study. Compared with TFAs from industrially produced sources, TFAs from natural sources significantly (P = 0.012) increased HDL cholesterol in women but not in men. Significant (P = 0.001) increases in LDL-cholesterol concentrations were observed in women, but not in men, after the consumption of TFAs from natural sources. Apolipoprotein (apo)B and apoA1 concentrations confirmed the changes observed in LDL and HDL cholesterol. Analysis of lipoprotein subclass showed that only large HDL and LDL concentrations were modified by TFAs from natural sources but not by those from industrially produced sources. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that TFAs from industrially produced and from natural sources have different effects on CVD risk factors in women. The HDL cholesterol-lowering property of TFAs seems to be specific to industrial sources. However, it is difficult in the present study to draw a conclusion about the effect of TFAs from either source on absolute CVD risk in these normolipidemic subjects. The mechanism underlying the observed sex- and isomer-specific effects warrants further investigation.