The In Vitro Effects of Choline on Non-Esterified Fatty Acid-Treated Bovine Peripheral Blood Leukocytes

• Published in: Animals (Basel) Vol. 15; no. 12; p. 1814
• Main Authors: Li, Cheng-Yan, Chen, Yueh-Tung, Moonmanee, Tossapol, Chan, Jacky Peng-Wen, Wang, Chien-Kai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 19.06.2025; MDPI
• Subjects: Animal lactation; Body fat; Chloride; Choline; Cytokines; Dairy cattle; Diet; Energy; Enzymes; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Fatty acids; Health risk assessment; Immune response; Leukocytes; Lipids; Metabolic disorders; non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA); Oxidative stress; peripheral blood leukocytes; Physiology; pro-inflammatory; Proteins; RNA; transition period; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; California; United States; Taiwan; Missouri; United States > US; choline; non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA); peripheral blood leukocytes; transition period; oxidative stress; pro-inflammatory

The transition period is defined as 3 weeks around parturition, involving the rapid increase in the energy demand, promoting adipose mobilization and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) release. High NEFA levels might cause oxidative stress and associated health risks, including the disruption of the i...