Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization and Genomic Analysis Unveil the Probiotic Potential of Bacillus velezensis K12

Bacillus spp. have emerged as pivotal sources of probiotic preparations, garnering considerable attention in recent years owing to their vigorous bacteriostatic activity and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to investigate these probiotic characteristics in depth and verify the safety of Ba...

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Published inAnimals (Basel) Vol. 15; no. 6; p. 798
Main Authors Tang, Yingying, Li, Tian, Huang, Yihong, Wu, Liangliang, Liu, Xiaobo, Yue, Ruichao, Yuan, Jianmin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 11.03.2025
MDPI
Subjects
Acids
Analysis
Antibacterial agents
Antibiotics
antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial agents
Bacillus velezensis
Bacteria
Bile
Biotechnology
Carbohydrates
DNA sequencing
Drug resistance
Drug resistance in microorganisms
E coli
Enzymes
genome analysis
Genomes
Genomics
Liu Xiaobo
Metabolites
Microbiota
Nucleotide sequencing
Peptides
probiotic
Probiotics
United Kingdom
China
Beijing China
Shanghai China
probiotic
antimicrobial activity
genome analysis
Bacillus velezensis
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Abstract Bacillus spp. have emerged as pivotal sources of probiotic preparations, garnering considerable attention in recent years owing to their vigorous bacteriostatic activity and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to investigate these probiotic characteristics in depth and verify the safety of Bacillus velezensis K12, a strain isolated from broiler intestine. The K12 strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on its morphology and 16S rDNA sequence homology analysis. Subsequently, B. velezensis K12 was evaluated for acid resistance, bile salt resistance, gastrointestinal tolerance, drug sensitivity, and antimicrobial activity. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing technology was employed to dissect its genomic components further, aiming to explore its potential applications as a probiotic strain. B. velezensis K12 was sensitive to six antibiotics and had acid tolerance. Furthermore, it showed potent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The complete genome sequencing of B. velezensis K12 revealed a genomic length of 3,973,105 base pairs containing 4123 coding genes, among which 3973 genes were functionally annotated. The genomic analysis identified genes associated with acid and bile tolerance, adhesion, antioxidants, and secondary metabolite production, whereas no functional genes related to enterotoxins or transferable antibiotic resistance were detected, thereby confirming the probiotic properties of B. velezensis K12. B. velezensis K12 exhibits broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity and in vitro safety, positioning it as a potential candidate strain for developing probiotic Bacillus preparations.
AbstractList spp. have emerged as pivotal sources of probiotic preparations, garnering considerable attention in recent years owing to their vigorous bacteriostatic activity and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to investigate these probiotic characteristics in depth and verify the safety of K12, a strain isolated from broiler intestine. The K12 strain was identified as based on its morphology and 16S rDNA sequence homology analysis. Subsequently, K12 was evaluated for acid resistance, bile salt resistance, gastrointestinal tolerance, drug sensitivity, and antimicrobial activity. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing technology was employed to dissect its genomic components further, aiming to explore its potential applications as a probiotic strain. K12 was sensitive to six antibiotics and had acid tolerance. Furthermore, it showed potent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including ( ), , , , , and . The complete genome sequencing of K12 revealed a genomic length of 3,973,105 base pairs containing 4123 coding genes, among which 3973 genes were functionally annotated. The genomic analysis identified genes associated with acid and bile tolerance, adhesion, antioxidants, and secondary metabolite production, whereas no functional genes related to enterotoxins or transferable antibiotic resistance were detected, thereby confirming the probiotic properties of K12. K12 exhibits broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity and in vitro safety, positioning it as a potential candidate strain for developing probiotic preparations.
Simple SummaryThe increasing utilization of antibiotics has sparked widespread public concern, and the search for antibiotic alternatives has become a research hotspot. Bacillus spp. have emerged as pivotal sources of probiotic preparations, garnering considerable attention in recent years owing to their strong bacteriostatic activity and antimicrobial resistance. In this study, a strain of Bacillus velezensis K12 was screened from broiler intestine and assumed to be probiotic. The results of an in vitro assay and whole-genome sequencing showed that K12 possesses potent bacteriostatic properties and exhibits safety in vitro, positioning it as a promising candidate for further probiotic development.
Bacillus spp. have emerged as pivotal sources of probiotic preparations, garnering considerable attention in recent years owing to their vigorous bacteriostatic activity and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to investigate these probiotic characteristics in depth and verify the safety of Bacillus velezensis K12, a strain isolated from broiler intestine. The K12 strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on its morphology and 16S rDNA sequence homology analysis. Subsequently, B. velezensis K12 was evaluated for acid resistance, bile salt resistance, gastrointestinal tolerance, drug sensitivity, and antimicrobial activity. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing technology was employed to dissect its genomic components further, aiming to explore its potential applications as a probiotic strain. B. velezensis K12 was sensitive to six antibiotics and had acid tolerance. Furthermore, it showed potent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The complete genome sequencing of B. velezensis K12 revealed a genomic length of 3,973,105 base pairs containing 4123 coding genes, among which 3973 genes were functionally annotated. The genomic analysis identified genes associated with acid and bile tolerance, adhesion, antioxidants, and secondary metabolite production, whereas no functional genes related to enterotoxins or transferable antibiotic resistance were detected, thereby confirming the probiotic properties of B. velezensis K12. B. velezensis K12 exhibits broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity and in vitro safety, positioning it as a potential candidate strain for developing probiotic Bacillus preparations.Bacillus spp. have emerged as pivotal sources of probiotic preparations, garnering considerable attention in recent years owing to their vigorous bacteriostatic activity and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to investigate these probiotic characteristics in depth and verify the safety of Bacillus velezensis K12, a strain isolated from broiler intestine. The K12 strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on its morphology and 16S rDNA sequence homology analysis. Subsequently, B. velezensis K12 was evaluated for acid resistance, bile salt resistance, gastrointestinal tolerance, drug sensitivity, and antimicrobial activity. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing technology was employed to dissect its genomic components further, aiming to explore its potential applications as a probiotic strain. B. velezensis K12 was sensitive to six antibiotics and had acid tolerance. Furthermore, it showed potent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The complete genome sequencing of B. velezensis K12 revealed a genomic length of 3,973,105 base pairs containing 4123 coding genes, among which 3973 genes were functionally annotated. The genomic analysis identified genes associated with acid and bile tolerance, adhesion, antioxidants, and secondary metabolite production, whereas no functional genes related to enterotoxins or transferable antibiotic resistance were detected, thereby confirming the probiotic properties of B. velezensis K12. B. velezensis K12 exhibits broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity and in vitro safety, positioning it as a potential candidate strain for developing probiotic Bacillus preparations.
Bacillus spp. have emerged as pivotal sources of probiotic preparations, garnering considerable attention in recent years owing to their vigorous bacteriostatic activity and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to investigate these probiotic characteristics in depth and verify the safety of Bacillus velezensis K12, a strain isolated from broiler intestine. The K12 strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on its morphology and 16S rDNA sequence homology analysis. Subsequently, B. velezensis K12 was evaluated for acid resistance, bile salt resistance, gastrointestinal tolerance, drug sensitivity, and antimicrobial activity. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing technology was employed to dissect its genomic components further, aiming to explore its potential applications as a probiotic strain. B. velezensis K12 was sensitive to six antibiotics and had acid tolerance. Furthermore, it showed potent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The complete genome sequencing of B. velezensis K12 revealed a genomic length of 3,973,105 base pairs containing 4123 coding genes, among which 3973 genes were functionally annotated. The genomic analysis identified genes associated with acid and bile tolerance, adhesion, antioxidants, and secondary metabolite production, whereas no functional genes related to enterotoxins or transferable antibiotic resistance were detected, thereby confirming the probiotic properties of B. velezensis K12. B. velezensis K12 exhibits broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity and in vitro safety, positioning it as a potential candidate strain for developing probiotic Bacillus preparations.
The increasing utilization of antibiotics has sparked widespread public concern, and the search for antibiotic alternatives has become a research hotspot. Bacillus spp. have emerged as pivotal sources of probiotic preparations, garnering considerable attention in recent years owing to their strong bacteriostatic activity and antimicrobial resistance. In this study, a strain of Bacillus velezensis K12 was screened from broiler intestine and assumed to be probiotic. The results of an in vitro assay and whole-genome sequencing showed that K12 possesses potent bacteriostatic properties and exhibits safety in vitro, positioning it as a promising candidate for further probiotic development.
The increasing utilization of antibiotics has sparked widespread public concern, and the search for antibiotic alternatives has become a research hotspot. Bacillus spp. have emerged as pivotal sources of probiotic preparations, garnering considerable attention in recent years owing to their strong bacteriostatic activity and antimicrobial resistance. In this study, a strain of Bacillus velezensis K12 was screened from broiler intestine and assumed to be probiotic. The results of an in vitro assay and whole-genome sequencing showed that K12 possesses potent bacteriostatic properties and exhibits safety in vitro, positioning it as a promising candidate for further probiotic development. Bacillus spp. have emerged as pivotal sources of probiotic preparations, garnering considerable attention in recent years owing to their vigorous bacteriostatic activity and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to investigate these probiotic characteristics in depth and verify the safety of Bacillus velezensis K12, a strain isolated from broiler intestine. The K12 strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on its morphology and 16S rDNA sequence homology analysis. Subsequently, B. velezensis K12 was evaluated for acid resistance, bile salt resistance, gastrointestinal tolerance, drug sensitivity, and antimicrobial activity. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing technology was employed to dissect its genomic components further, aiming to explore its potential applications as a probiotic strain. B. velezensis K12 was sensitive to six antibiotics and had acid tolerance. Furthermore, it showed potent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella , Clostridium perfringens , Bacillus cereus , and Vibrio parahaemolyticus . The complete genome sequencing of B. velezensis K12 revealed a genomic length of 3,973,105 base pairs containing 4123 coding genes, among which 3973 genes were functionally annotated. The genomic analysis identified genes associated with acid and bile tolerance, adhesion, antioxidants, and secondary metabolite production, whereas no functional genes related to enterotoxins or transferable antibiotic resistance were detected, thereby confirming the probiotic properties of B. velezensis K12. B. velezensis K12 exhibits broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity and in vitro safety, positioning it as a potential candidate strain for developing probiotic Bacillus preparations.
Audience Academic
Author Li, Tian
Wu, Liangliang
Yuan, Jianmin
Yue, Ruichao
Tang, Yingying
Huang, Yihong
Liu, Xiaobo
AuthorAffiliation 4 Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; hsjimmyf@hotmail.com
3 Ningxia Eppen Biotech Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750100, China; wuliangliang@eppen.com.cn (L.W.); liuxiaobo1@eppen.com.cn (X.L.)
1 State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; sy20243041032@cau.edu.cn (Y.T.); huangyh@cau.edu.cn (Y.H.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
– name: 3 Ningxia Eppen Biotech Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750100, China; wuliangliang@eppen.com.cn (L.W.); liuxiaobo1@eppen.com.cn (X.L.)
– name: 1 State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; sy20243041032@cau.edu.cn (Y.T.); huangyh@cau.edu.cn (Y.H.)
– name: 2 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; hsjimmyf@hotmail.com
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Keywords probiotic
antimicrobial activity
genome analysis
Bacillus velezensis
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RelatedPersons Liu Xiaobo
RelatedPersons_xml – fullname: Liu Xiaobo
SSID ssj0000753151
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Snippet Bacillus spp. have emerged as pivotal sources of probiotic preparations, garnering considerable attention in recent years owing to their vigorous...
spp. have emerged as pivotal sources of probiotic preparations, garnering considerable attention in recent years owing to their vigorous bacteriostatic...
The increasing utilization of antibiotics has sparked widespread public concern, and the search for antibiotic alternatives has become a research hotspot....
Simple SummaryThe increasing utilization of antibiotics has sparked widespread public concern, and the search for antibiotic alternatives has become a research...
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SubjectTerms Acids
Analysis
Antibacterial agents
Antibiotics
antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial agents
Bacillus velezensis
Bacteria
Bile
Biotechnology
Carbohydrates
DNA sequencing
Drug resistance
Drug resistance in microorganisms
E coli
Enzymes
genome analysis
Genomes
Genomics
Liu Xiaobo
Metabolites
Microbiota
Nucleotide sequencing
Peptides
probiotic
Probiotics
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Title Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization and Genomic Analysis Unveil the Probiotic Potential of Bacillus velezensis K12
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Volume 15
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