The Effects of Pretreated and Fermented Corn Stalks on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestion, Intestinal Structure and Function, and Immune Function in New Zealand Rabbits

This study investigates the efficacy of fermented corn straw as a viable corn substitute in rabbit diets, evaluating its impact on growth performance, intestinal health, cecal microbiota, and metabolite profiles to determine its potential for addressing corn shortages in animal husbandry. Over 35 da...

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Published inAnimals (Basel) Vol. 15; no. 12; p. 1737
Main Authors Jia, Xuying, Dun, Yaohao, Xiang, Guoqi, Wang, Shuai, Zhang, Heng, Zhou, Wen, Li, Yingjun, Liang, Yunxiang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 12.06.2025
MDPI
Subjects
Amino acids
Animal culture
Animal husbandry
Carbohydrates
Climate change
Corn
corn substitutes
Costs (Law)
Data analysis
Diet
Enzymes
Experiments
Feeds
Females
Fermentation
fermented corn straw
intestinal digestion and absorption
Livestock
Livestock farms
Metabolites
metabolome and microbial diversity
Microbiota
New Zealand rabbit
Nutrition
Rabbits
Raw materials
New Zealand
China
corn substitutes
metabolome and microbial diversity
fermented corn straw
New Zealand rabbit
intestinal digestion and absorption
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Abstract This study investigates the efficacy of fermented corn straw as a viable corn substitute in rabbit diets, evaluating its impact on growth performance, intestinal health, cecal microbiota, and metabolite profiles to determine its potential for addressing corn shortages in animal husbandry. Over 35 days, 120 New Zealand rabbits were assigned to four treatments: (i) 12% corn (C100), (ii) 6% corn + 6% fermented straw (FS50), (iii) 12% fermented straw (FS100), and (iv) 6% corn + 6% dry straw (DS50). Fermented straw enhanced the rabbits’ average daily feed intake (ADI) and average daily gain (ADG) and elevated cecal cellulase activity. It also downregulated TLR4 in the jejunum mucosa, upregulated MUC2 in the ileum mucosa, strengthened the intestinal barrier, and reduced the diarrhea index and incidence in weaned rabbits. Specific microbial families influenced amino acid and phospholipid concentrations, altering the cecal metabolic environment. In summary, replacing corn with fermented corn straw in rabbit diets significantly boosts ADG and ADI, potentially lowers the feed-to-gain ratio, and enhances cecal microbiota and metabolite profiles without compromising growth performance.
AbstractList This study investigates the efficacy of fermented corn straw as a viable corn substitute in rabbit diets, evaluating its impact on growth performance, intestinal health, cecal microbiota, and metabolite profiles to determine its potential for addressing corn shortages in animal husbandry. Over 35 days, 120 New Zealand rabbits were assigned to four treatments: (i) 12% corn (C100), (ii) 6% corn + 6% fermented straw (FS50), (iii) 12% fermented straw (FS100), and (iv) 6% corn + 6% dry straw (DS50). Fermented straw enhanced the rabbits' average daily feed intake (ADI) and average daily gain (ADG) and elevated cecal cellulase activity. It also downregulated TLR4 in the jejunum mucosa, upregulated MUC2 in the ileum mucosa, strengthened the intestinal barrier, and reduced the diarrhea index and incidence in weaned rabbits. Specific microbial families influenced amino acid and phospholipid concentrations, altering the cecal metabolic environment. In summary, replacing corn with fermented corn straw in rabbit diets significantly boosts ADG and ADI, potentially lowers the feed-to-gain ratio, and enhances cecal microbiota and metabolite profiles without compromising growth performance.This study investigates the efficacy of fermented corn straw as a viable corn substitute in rabbit diets, evaluating its impact on growth performance, intestinal health, cecal microbiota, and metabolite profiles to determine its potential for addressing corn shortages in animal husbandry. Over 35 days, 120 New Zealand rabbits were assigned to four treatments: (i) 12% corn (C100), (ii) 6% corn + 6% fermented straw (FS50), (iii) 12% fermented straw (FS100), and (iv) 6% corn + 6% dry straw (DS50). Fermented straw enhanced the rabbits' average daily feed intake (ADI) and average daily gain (ADG) and elevated cecal cellulase activity. It also downregulated TLR4 in the jejunum mucosa, upregulated MUC2 in the ileum mucosa, strengthened the intestinal barrier, and reduced the diarrhea index and incidence in weaned rabbits. Specific microbial families influenced amino acid and phospholipid concentrations, altering the cecal metabolic environment. In summary, replacing corn with fermented corn straw in rabbit diets significantly boosts ADG and ADI, potentially lowers the feed-to-gain ratio, and enhances cecal microbiota and metabolite profiles without compromising growth performance.
This study investigates the efficacy of fermented corn straw as a viable corn substitute in rabbit diets, evaluating its impact on growth performance, intestinal health, cecal microbiota, and metabolite profiles to determine its potential for addressing corn shortages in animal husbandry. Over 35 days, 120 New Zealand rabbits were assigned to four treatments: (i) 12% corn (C100), (ii) 6% corn + 6% fermented straw (FS50), (iii) 12% fermented straw (FS100), and (iv) 6% corn + 6% dry straw (DS50). Fermented straw enhanced the rabbits’ average daily feed intake (ADI) and average daily gain (ADG) and elevated cecal cellulase activity. It also downregulated TLR4 in the jejunum mucosa, upregulated MUC2 in the ileum mucosa, strengthened the intestinal barrier, and reduced the diarrhea index and incidence in weaned rabbits. Specific microbial families influenced amino acid and phospholipid concentrations, altering the cecal metabolic environment. In summary, replacing corn with fermented corn straw in rabbit diets significantly boosts ADG and ADI, potentially lowers the feed-to-gain ratio, and enhances cecal microbiota and metabolite profiles without compromising growth performance.
This study explores the potential of pretreated and fermented corn stalks as a sustainable alternative to corn in the diets of New Zealand rabbits. It addresses a critical issue in livestock farming by identifying a novel feed source that can reduce dependency on corn, lower feed costs, and enhance the sustainability of animal husbandry. The research employs a robust sample size of 120 rabbits and examines multiple physiological parameters. It integrates multi-omics data, including microbiome and metabolome analyses, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of fermented corn stalks on animal health and performance. Additionally, we incorporate detailed analyses of animal nutrition, histology, and metabolic pathways. Ethical approval is thoroughly documented, and the tables and figures are clear and well-labeled, facilitating the interpretation of the results.
This study investigates the efficacy of fermented corn straw as a viable corn substitute in rabbit diets, evaluating its impact on growth performance, intestinal health, cecal microbiota, and metabolite profiles to determine its potential for addressing corn shortages in animal husbandry. Over 35 days, 120 New Zealand rabbits were assigned to four treatments: (i) 12% corn (C100), (ii) 6% corn + 6% fermented straw (FS50), (iii) 12% fermented straw (FS100), and (iv) 6% corn + 6% dry straw (DS50). Fermented straw enhanced the rabbits' average daily feed intake (ADI) and average daily gain (ADG) and elevated cecal cellulase activity. It also downregulated in the jejunum mucosa, upregulated MUC2 in the ileum mucosa, strengthened the intestinal barrier, and reduced the diarrhea index and incidence in weaned rabbits. Specific microbial families influenced amino acid and phospholipid concentrations, altering the cecal metabolic environment. In summary, replacing corn with fermented corn straw in rabbit diets significantly boosts ADG and ADI, potentially lowers the feed-to-gain ratio, and enhances cecal microbiota and metabolite profiles without compromising growth performance.
This study explores the potential of pretreated and fermented corn stalks as a sustainable alternative to corn in the diets of New Zealand rabbits. It addresses a critical issue in livestock farming by identifying a novel feed source that can reduce dependency on corn, lower feed costs, and enhance the sustainability of animal husbandry. The research employs a robust sample size of 120 rabbits and examines multiple physiological parameters. It integrates multi-omics data, including microbiome and metabolome analyses, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of fermented corn stalks on animal health and performance. Additionally, we incorporate detailed analyses of animal nutrition, histology, and metabolic pathways. Ethical approval is thoroughly documented, and the tables and figures are clear and well-labeled, facilitating the interpretation of the results. This study investigates the efficacy of fermented corn straw as a viable corn substitute in rabbit diets, evaluating its impact on growth performance, intestinal health, cecal microbiota, and metabolite profiles to determine its potential for addressing corn shortages in animal husbandry. Over 35 days, 120 New Zealand rabbits were assigned to four treatments: (i) 12% corn (C100), (ii) 6% corn + 6% fermented straw (FS50), (iii) 12% fermented straw (FS100), and (iv) 6% corn + 6% dry straw (DS50). Fermented straw enhanced the rabbits’ average daily feed intake (ADI) and average daily gain (ADG) and elevated cecal cellulase activity. It also downregulated TLR4 in the jejunum mucosa, upregulated MUC2 in the ileum mucosa, strengthened the intestinal barrier, and reduced the diarrhea index and incidence in weaned rabbits. Specific microbial families influenced amino acid and phospholipid concentrations, altering the cecal metabolic environment. In summary, replacing corn with fermented corn straw in rabbit diets significantly boosts ADG and ADI, potentially lowers the feed-to-gain ratio, and enhances cecal microbiota and metabolite profiles without compromising growth performance.
Audience Academic
Author Liang, Yunxiang
Xiang, Guoqi
Jia, Xuying
Zhou, Wen
Li, Yingjun
Wang, Shuai
Dun, Yaohao
Zhang, Heng
AuthorAffiliation 2 Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
1 National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; jiaxy@webmail.hzau.edu.cn (X.J.); dunyaohao@mail.hzau.edu.cn (Y.D.)
3 Green Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
4 Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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– name: 1 National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; jiaxy@webmail.hzau.edu.cn (X.J.); dunyaohao@mail.hzau.edu.cn (Y.D.)
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Issue 12
Keywords corn substitutes
metabolome and microbial diversity
fermented corn straw
New Zealand rabbit
intestinal digestion and absorption
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Snippet This study investigates the efficacy of fermented corn straw as a viable corn substitute in rabbit diets, evaluating its impact on growth performance,...
This study explores the potential of pretreated and fermented corn stalks as a sustainable alternative to corn in the diets of New Zealand rabbits. It...
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SourceType Open Website
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StartPage 1737
SubjectTerms Amino acids
Animal culture
Animal husbandry
Carbohydrates
Climate change
Corn
corn substitutes
Costs (Law)
Data analysis
Diet
Enzymes
Experiments
Feeds
Females
Fermentation
fermented corn straw
intestinal digestion and absorption
Livestock
Livestock farms
Metabolites
metabolome and microbial diversity
Microbiota
New Zealand rabbit
Nutrition
Rabbits
Raw materials
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Title The Effects of Pretreated and Fermented Corn Stalks on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestion, Intestinal Structure and Function, and Immune Function in New Zealand Rabbits
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40564289
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3223866274
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3224258721
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12189150
https://doaj.org/article/93a33847843f4c5e83d957fc8a8a655d
Volume 15
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