Automatically Detecting Pain in Video Through Facial Action Units

• Published in: IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics Vol. 41; no. 3; pp. 664 - 674
• Main Authors: Lucey, P, Cohn, J F, Matthews, I, Lucey, S, Sridharan, S, Howlett, J, Prkachin, K M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States IEEE 01.06.2011
• Subjects: Active appearance model; Active appearance models (AAMs); Artificial Intelligence; Cybernetics; emotion; Emotions; Face; Face - pathology; Facial; Facial Action Coding System (FACS); facial action units (AUs); Feature extraction; Gain; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods; Mathematical models; Movements; Pain; Pain - classification; Pain - pathology; Pain Measurement - methods; Patients; Pattern Recognition, Automated - methods; Photography - methods; Shape; support vector machines (SVMs); Video Recording - methods

In a clinical setting, pain is reported either through patient self-report or via an observer. Such measures are problematic as they are: 1) subjective, and 2) give no specific timing information. Coding pain as a series of facial action units (AUs) can avoid these issues as it can be used to gain a...