Influence of Temperature in the Early-age Elastic Modulus Evolution of Cement Pastes and Concrete
The influence of temperature on the hydration of cementitious materials has been traditionally modelled using the maturity concept and Arrhenius law. This approach yields a single material property, called apparent activation energy (Ea), that describes the whole temperature dependence. Determining...
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| Published in | Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology Vol. 21; no. 10; pp. 803 - 820 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Tokyo
Japan Concrete Institute
26.10.2023
Japan Concrete Institute (JCI) Japan Science and Technology Agency |
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| Abstract | The influence of temperature on the hydration of cementitious materials has been traditionally modelled using the maturity concept and Arrhenius law. This approach yields a single material property, called apparent activation energy (Ea), that describes the whole temperature dependence. Determining Ea experimentally has sparked controversy, such as whether the different properties (e.g., compressive strength, tensile strength, E-modulus) exhibit different Ea, whether a single Ea value exists for the entire hydration process, or whether cement paste and concrete possess the same Ea. Furthermore, studies measuring Ea from elastic modulus measurements are truly scarce, likely due to experimental challenges with measuring this property at early-ages. This work investigated the influence of temperature on the elastic modulus evolution of cement paste and concrete. A single mix for each material was tested with the EMM-ARM (Elasticity Modulus Measurement through Ambient Response Method) methodology under three different isothermal conditions. The resulting elastic modulus evolution curves were used to derive Ea evolution curves from two traditional computation methods: the ‘speed’ method and the ‘derivative of speed’ method. Results showed that the elastic modulus evolution of both materials initially presented a constant Ea, independent of temperature and hydration development as preconized by the classical Arrhenius law. However, as hydration progressed to later stages, the activation energy exhibited evident dependencies on both temperature and hydration levels. Cement paste and concrete consistently exhibited different Ea values throughout hydration, with concrete having higher values. The use of the Ea curves to superimpose the different experimental elastic modulus evolution curves by means of the equivalent age concept led to near-perfect superpositions, strengthening the validity of this concept when applied to elastic modulus evolution. |
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| AbstractList | The influence of temperature on the hydration of cementitious materials has been traditionally modelled using the maturity concept and Arrhenius law. This approach yields a single material property, called apparent activation energy (Ea), that describes the whole temperature dependence. Determining Ea experimentally has sparked controversy, such as whether the different properties (e.g., compressive strength, tensile strength, E-modulus) exhibit different Ea, whether a single Ea value exists for the entire hydration process, or whether cement paste and concrete possess the same Ea. Furthermore, studies measuring Ea from elastic modulus measurements are truly scarce, likely due to experimental challenges with measuring this property at early-ages. This work investigated the influence of temperature on the elastic modulus evolution of cement paste and concrete. A single mix for each material was tested with the EMM-ARM (Elasticity Modulus Measurement through Ambient Response Method) methodology under three different isothermal conditions. The resulting elastic modulus evolution curves were used to derive Ea evolution curves from two traditional computation methods: the ‘speed’ method and the ‘derivative of speed’ method. Results showed that the elastic modulus evolution of both materials initially presented a constant Ea, independent of temperature and hydration development as preconized by the classical Arrhenius law. However, as hydration progressed to later stages, the activation energy exhibited evident dependencies on both temperature and hydration levels. Cement paste and concrete consistently exhibited different Ea values throughout hydration, with concrete having higher values. The use of the Ea curves to superimpose the different experimental elastic modulus evolution curves by means of the equivalent age concept led to near-perfect superpositions, strengthening the validity of this concept when applied to elastic modulus evolution. The influence of temperature on the hydration of cementitious materials has been traditionally modelled using the maturity concept and Arrhenius law. This approach yields a single material property, called apparent activation energy (Ea), that describes the whole temperature dependence. Determining Ea experimentally has sparked controversy, such as whether the different properties (e.g., compressive strength, tensile strength, E-modulus) exhibit different Ea, whether a single Ea value exists for the entire hydration process, or whether cement paste and concrete possess the same Ea. Furthermore, studies measuring Ea from elastic modulus measurements are truly scarce, likely due to experimental challenges with measuring this property at early-ages. This work investigated the influence of temperature on the elastic modulus evolution of cement paste and concrete. A single mix for each material was tested with the EMM-ARM (Elasticity Modulus Measurement through Ambient Response Method) methodology under three different isothermal conditions. The resulting elastic modulus evolution curves were used to derive Ea evolution curves from two traditional computation methods: the ‘speed’ method and the ‘derivative of speed’ method. Results showed that the elastic modulus evolution of both materials initially presented a constant Ea, independent of temperature and hydration development as preconized by the classical Arrhenius law. However, as hydration progressed to later stages, the activation energy exhibited evident dependencies on both temperature and hydration levels. Cement paste and concrete consistently exhibited different Ea values throughout hydration, with concrete having higher values. The use of the Ea curves to superimpose the different experimental elastic modulus evolution curves by means of the equivalent age concept led to near-perfect superpositions, strengthening the validity of this concept when applied to elastic modulus evolution. This work was partly financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) under the R&D Unit Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), under reference UIDB/04029/2020, and under the Associate Laboratory Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems ARISE under reference LA/P/0112/2020. This work is financed by national funds through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, under grant agreement UI/BD/153378/2022 attributed to the second author. |
| Author | Azenha, Miguel Granja, José Russo, Thomas Lameiras, Rodrigo Ribeiro, Renan Rocha |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Granja, José organization: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, ISISE, ARISE, Guimarães, Portugal – sequence: 2 fullname: Ribeiro, Renan Rocha organization: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, ISISE, ARISE, Guimarães, Portugal – sequence: 3 fullname: Russo, Thomas organization: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, ISISE, ARISE, Guimarães, Portugal – sequence: 4 fullname: Lameiras, Rodrigo organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brasília, Brazil – sequence: 5 fullname: Azenha, Miguel organization: Department of Civil Engineering, Structural Division, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal |
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| SubjectTerms | Activation energy Cement Cement paste Compressive strength Concrete Evolution Hydration Material properties Modulus of elasticity Temperature dependence Tensile strength |
| Title | Influence of Temperature in the Early-age Elastic Modulus Evolution of Cement Pastes and Concrete |
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