Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Dromedary Camels in Africa and Middle East
Dromedary camels are the natural reservoirs of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camels are mostly bred in East African countries then exported into Africa and Middle East for consumption. To understand the distribution of MERS-CoV among camels in North Africa and the Midd...
Saved in:
| Published in | Viruses Vol. 11; no. 8; p. 717 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
05.08.2019
MDPI |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Dromedary camels are the natural reservoirs of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camels are mostly bred in East African countries then exported into Africa and Middle East for consumption. To understand the distribution of MERS-CoV among camels in North Africa and the Middle East, we conducted surveillance in Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, Uganda, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. We also performed longitudinal studies of three camel herds in Egypt and Jordan to elucidate MERS-CoV infection and transmission. Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 4027 nasal swabs and 3267 serum samples were collected from all countries. Real- time PCR revealed that MERS-CoV RNA was detected in nasal swab samples from Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia. Microneutralization assay showed that antibodies were detected in all countries. Positive PCR samples were partially sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was built. The tree suggested that all sequences are of clade C and sequences from camels in Egypt formed a separate group from previously published sequences. Longitudinal studies showed high seroprevalence in adult camels. These results indicate the widespread distribution of the virus in camels. A systematic active surveillance and longitudinal studies for MERS-CoV are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease and dynamics of viral infection. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Dromedary camels are the natural reservoirs of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camels are mostly bred in East African countries then exported into Africa and Middle East for consumption. To understand the distribution of MERS-CoV among camels in North Africa and the Middle East, we conducted surveillance in Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, Uganda, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. We also performed longitudinal studies of three camel herds in Egypt and Jordan to elucidate MERS-CoV infection and transmission. Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 4027 nasal swabs and 3267 serum samples were collected from all countries. Real- time PCR revealed that MERS-CoV RNA was detected in nasal swab samples from Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia. Microneutralization assay showed that antibodies were detected in all countries. Positive PCR samples were partially sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was built. The tree suggested that all sequences are of clade C and sequences from camels in Egypt formed a separate group from previously published sequences. Longitudinal studies showed high seroprevalence in adult camels. These results indicate the widespread distribution of the virus in camels. A systematic active surveillance and longitudinal studies for MERS-CoV are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease and dynamics of viral infection. : Dromedary camels are the natural reservoirs of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camels are mostly bred in East African countries then exported into Africa and Middle East for consumption. To understand the distribution of MERS-CoV among camels in North Africa and the Middle East, we conducted surveillance in Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, Uganda, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. We also performed longitudinal studies of three camel herds in Egypt and Jordan to elucidate MERS-CoV infection and transmission. Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 4027 nasal swabs and 3267 serum samples were collected from all countries. Real- time PCR revealed that MERS-CoV RNA was detected in nasal swab samples from Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia. Microneutralization assay showed that antibodies were detected in all countries. Positive PCR samples were partially sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was built. The tree suggested that all sequences are of clade C and sequences from camels in Egypt formed a separate group from previously published sequences. Longitudinal studies showed high seroprevalence in adult camels. These results indicate the widespread distribution of the virus in camels. A systematic active surveillance and longitudinal studies for MERS-CoV are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease and dynamics of viral infection.: Dromedary camels are the natural reservoirs of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camels are mostly bred in East African countries then exported into Africa and Middle East for consumption. To understand the distribution of MERS-CoV among camels in North Africa and the Middle East, we conducted surveillance in Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, Uganda, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. We also performed longitudinal studies of three camel herds in Egypt and Jordan to elucidate MERS-CoV infection and transmission. Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 4027 nasal swabs and 3267 serum samples were collected from all countries. Real- time PCR revealed that MERS-CoV RNA was detected in nasal swab samples from Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia. Microneutralization assay showed that antibodies were detected in all countries. Positive PCR samples were partially sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was built. The tree suggested that all sequences are of clade C and sequences from camels in Egypt formed a separate group from previously published sequences. Longitudinal studies showed high seroprevalence in adult camels. These results indicate the widespread distribution of the virus in camels. A systematic active surveillance and longitudinal studies for MERS-CoV are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease and dynamics of viral infection. |
| Author | Bagato, Ola Abo Shama, Noura M. Moatassim, Yassmin Mohamed, Nadira S. Abdulaziz Linjawi, Sabah Byarugaba, Denis K. Saad, Ahmed Sabir, Jamal S. M. A. Ali, Mohamed Kandeil, Ahmed Gomaa, Mokhtar Jrijer, Jamel Amr, Zuhair Tugume, Titus K. W. Chu, Daniel Mahmoud, Sara Abiadh, Awatef El-Shesheny, Rabeh A. P. M. Perera, Ranawaka Peiris, Malik J. Makonnen, Yilma Hassan, Sabah M. Kayed, Ahmed E. Attar, Roba Sobhy, Heba El Masry, Ihab Elsokary, Basma Kutkat, Omnia Hassan, Nagla Abi Said, Mounir Mostafa, Ahmed Shehata, Mahmoud M. Nageh, Ahmed P. McKenzie, Pamela Wabwire-Mangen, Fred J. Webby, Richard Kayali, Ghazi |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt 15 General Organizations of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Nadi Saed St. 1, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt 14 School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, China 16 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary, Animal Diseases, Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt 19 Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA 17 Animal Health Services (AGAH), Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt 10 Princess Doctor Najla Saud Al-Saud Distinguished Research Center for Biotechnology, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia 6 Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Al Fanar 90656, Lebanon 8 Department of Genebank and Genetic Sequence, Fore |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 14 School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, China – name: 1 Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt – name: 4 Nature Link, Sfax 3000, Tunisia – name: 12 King Fahad Medical Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia – name: 17 Animal Health Services (AGAH), Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt – name: 13 St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA – name: 15 General Organizations of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Nadi Saed St. 1, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt – name: 5 Department of Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan – name: 19 Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA – name: 6 Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Al Fanar 90656, Lebanon – name: 7 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda – name: 3 Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia – name: 11 Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt – name: 2 Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia – name: 9 Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia – name: 18 Human Link, Hazmieh 1109, Lebanon – name: 8 Department of Genebank and Genetic Sequence, Forensic DNA Research and Training Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 10072, Iraq – name: 10 Princess Doctor Najla Saud Al-Saud Distinguished Research Center for Biotechnology, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia – name: 16 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary, Animal Diseases, Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ahmed surname: Kandeil fullname: Kandeil, Ahmed – sequence: 2 givenname: Mokhtar surname: Gomaa fullname: Gomaa, Mokhtar – sequence: 3 givenname: Ahmed surname: Nageh fullname: Nageh, Ahmed – sequence: 4 givenname: Mahmoud M. orcidid: 0000-0001-7556-9398 surname: Shehata fullname: Shehata, Mahmoud M. – sequence: 5 givenname: Ahmed E. surname: Kayed fullname: Kayed, Ahmed E. – sequence: 6 givenname: Jamal S. M. surname: Sabir fullname: Sabir, Jamal S. M. – sequence: 7 givenname: Awatef surname: Abiadh fullname: Abiadh, Awatef – sequence: 8 givenname: Jamel surname: Jrijer fullname: Jrijer, Jamel – sequence: 9 givenname: Zuhair surname: Amr fullname: Amr, Zuhair – sequence: 10 givenname: Mounir surname: Abi Said fullname: Abi Said, Mounir – sequence: 11 givenname: Denis K. surname: Byarugaba fullname: Byarugaba, Denis K. – sequence: 12 givenname: Fred surname: Wabwire-Mangen fullname: Wabwire-Mangen, Fred – sequence: 13 givenname: Titus surname: Tugume fullname: Tugume, Titus – sequence: 14 givenname: Nadira S. surname: Mohamed fullname: Mohamed, Nadira S. – sequence: 15 givenname: Roba surname: Attar fullname: Attar, Roba – sequence: 16 givenname: Sabah M. surname: Hassan fullname: Hassan, Sabah M. – sequence: 17 givenname: Sabah surname: Abdulaziz Linjawi fullname: Abdulaziz Linjawi, Sabah – sequence: 18 givenname: Yassmin orcidid: 0000-0003-2159-2511 surname: Moatassim fullname: Moatassim, Yassmin – sequence: 19 givenname: Omnia surname: Kutkat fullname: Kutkat, Omnia – sequence: 20 givenname: Sara surname: Mahmoud fullname: Mahmoud, Sara – sequence: 21 givenname: Ola surname: Bagato fullname: Bagato, Ola – sequence: 22 givenname: Noura M. surname: Abo Shama fullname: Abo Shama, Noura M. – sequence: 23 givenname: Rabeh orcidid: 0000-0002-8798-2240 surname: El-Shesheny fullname: El-Shesheny, Rabeh – sequence: 24 givenname: Ahmed orcidid: 0000-0002-2878-5714 surname: Mostafa fullname: Mostafa, Ahmed – sequence: 25 givenname: Ranawaka surname: A. P. M. Perera fullname: A. P. M. Perera, Ranawaka – sequence: 26 givenname: Daniel surname: K. W. Chu fullname: K. W. Chu, Daniel – sequence: 27 givenname: Nagla surname: Hassan fullname: Hassan, Nagla – sequence: 28 givenname: Basma surname: Elsokary fullname: Elsokary, Basma – sequence: 29 givenname: Ahmed surname: Saad fullname: Saad, Ahmed – sequence: 30 givenname: Heba surname: Sobhy fullname: Sobhy, Heba – sequence: 31 givenname: Ihab surname: El Masry fullname: El Masry, Ihab – sequence: 32 givenname: Pamela surname: P. McKenzie fullname: P. McKenzie, Pamela – sequence: 33 givenname: Richard surname: J. Webby fullname: J. Webby, Richard – sequence: 34 givenname: Malik surname: Peiris fullname: Peiris, Malik – sequence: 35 givenname: Yilma surname: J. Makonnen fullname: J. Makonnen, Yilma – sequence: 36 givenname: Mohamed orcidid: 0000-0002-5615-3212 surname: A. Ali fullname: A. Ali, Mohamed – sequence: 37 givenname: Ghazi surname: Kayali fullname: Kayali, Ghazi |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31387326$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqFkktv1DAQgCNURB9w4A-gSFzaQ6jHr9gXpCosUKkVUgtcLcd2ilfZeGsnK_Xf47Blta2QONma-fx5xp7j4mAIgyuKt4A-ECLR-QYACVRD_aI4AillRSWwg739YXGc0hIhziWqXxWHBIioCeZHhbv21vauXOg0ljcurX3UY4gP5e3DYGNYubIJMQx64-OUytPrxc1t1YSfZ6Ufyk9z3uoMN3rl-jTHLrrojS71YMs98-viZaf75N48rifFj8-L783X6urbl8vm4qoyDOGxEmBJa4S2lHcAlDDTIUmF4AwDMKSdwKIlhktBQdIaOQ1gqXEEOkyAAjkpLrdeG_RSraNf5epU0F79CYR4p3Qcvemdqmvedggor4FRizrhMLUOGWNpy53Q2fVx61pPbW7TuGGMun8ifZoZ_C91FzaK15gwjLLg9FEQw_3k0qhWPhnX93pwYUoKUwKCScn4_1HMJUWZZhl9_wxdhikO-VUVZvleUUs6C9_tF7-r-u_HZ-BsC5gYUoqu2yGA1DxUajdUmT1_xho_6tGHuW_f_-PEbxWnynY |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_19_33221_0 crossref_primary_10_3390_v13112188 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2020_631736 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13337_020_00581_3 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms8070991 crossref_primary_10_3201_eid2709_203508 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13104_021_05496_w crossref_primary_10_1089_omi_2021_0062 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12917_023_03769_z crossref_primary_10_1093_eurpub_ckae106 crossref_primary_10_3390_microbiolres14040116 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens10040420 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2021_697876 crossref_primary_10_2147_IJGM_S252796 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms10020211 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1473_3099_20_30599_5 crossref_primary_10_1039_D4RA04728A crossref_primary_10_1017_S0950268820002459 crossref_primary_10_3390_v12121370 crossref_primary_10_1111_cbdd_13761 crossref_primary_10_1002_rmv_2150 crossref_primary_10_1177_03009858211069120 crossref_primary_10_3390_v12030306 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms11112777 crossref_primary_10_1111_irv_13257 crossref_primary_10_1055_s_0041_1733804 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_onehlt_2022_100436 crossref_primary_10_3201_eid2707_204873 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2102983118 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12985_020_01347_5 crossref_primary_10_3201_eid2712_210344 |
| Cites_doi | 10.3201/eid2006.140299 10.3201/eid2012.141026 10.1128/mBio.00884-14 10.2807/ese.17.49.20334-en 10.1038/emi.2016.130 10.1079/9781780641010.0007 10.1056/NEJMoa1401505 10.1038/emi.2017.44 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2013.18.36.20574 10.1080/20477724.2015.1122852 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.022 10.1073/pnas.1718769115 10.3201/eid2004.131746 10.1056/NEJMoa1211721 10.1128/genomeA.00309-16 10.3201/eid2006.140402 10.1093/cid/ciu812 10.3201/eid2007.140571 10.3201/eid2008.140596 10.5958/2277-8934.2017.00001.7 10.1007/s12250-018-0076-4 10.1128/mBio.01450-14 10.1128/mBio.00019-16 10.3201/eid2008.140590 10.1056/NEJMoa1303729 10.3201/eid2106.150038 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2019 by the authors. 2019 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2019 by the authors. 2019 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION NPM 3V. 7U9 7X7 7XB 88E 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI CCPQU COVID DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ H94 HCIFZ K9. LK8 M0S M1P M7P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 7S9 L.6 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.3390/v11080717 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Virology and AIDS Abstracts Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Natural Science Collection ProQuest One Community College Coronavirus Research Database ProQuest Central Korea Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Medical Database Biological Science Database ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Coronavirus Research Database ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA Publicly Available Content Database PubMed CrossRef |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology |
| EISSN | 1999-4915 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_776bf01467154d0f8e24de0ccd4b6e8a PMC6723520 31387326 10_3390_v11080717 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Arabian Peninsula United States--US Sudan Egypt Africa Kenya Middle East South Korea Senegal Uganda Iraq Tunisia Ethiopia Saudi Arabia Jordan |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Arabian Peninsula – name: Middle East – name: South Korea – name: Egypt – name: Africa – name: Uganda – name: United States--US – name: Senegal – name: Iraq – name: Tunisia – name: Ethiopia – name: Sudan – name: Kenya – name: Saudi Arabia – name: Jordan |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: United States Agency for International Development grantid: OSRO/EGY/505/USA – fundername: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Extramural Activities grantid: HHSN272201400006C |
| GroupedDBID | --- 2WC 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ A8Z AADQD AAFWJ AAHBH AAYXX ABDBF ABUWG ACUHS AFKRA AFPKN AFZYC ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BBNVY BENPR BHPHI BPHCQ BVXVI CCPQU CITATION DIK E3Z EBD ESX FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HMCUK HYE IAO KQ8 LK8 M1P M48 M7P MODMG M~E O5R O5S OK1 PGMZT PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RPM TR2 TUS UKHRP 3V. NPM 7U9 7XB 8FK AZQEC COVID DWQXO GNUQQ H94 K9. PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQUKI PRINS 7X8 7S9 L.6 5PM PUEGO |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c502t-81d3bc8ad46f11435cf094886521150ae828b3c698419470ea11d4ce31f231413 |
| IEDL.DBID | M48 |
| ISSN | 1999-4915 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 01:30:10 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 18:11:46 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 06:12:38 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 06:18:13 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 09:56:56 EDT 2025 Wed Feb 19 02:33:16 EST 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:48:04 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:55:07 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 8 |
| Keywords | epidemiology surveillance MERS coronavirus virus transmission virus infection |
| Language | English |
| License | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c502t-81d3bc8ad46f11435cf094886521150ae828b3c698419470ea11d4ce31f231413 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2878-5714 0000-0002-5615-3212 0000-0002-8798-2240 0000-0003-2159-2511 0000-0001-7556-9398 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2535287946?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication% |
| PMID | 31387326 |
| PQID | 2535287946 |
| PQPubID | 2032319 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_776bf01467154d0f8e24de0ccd4b6e8a pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6723520 proquest_miscellaneous_2431859956 proquest_miscellaneous_2269401855 proquest_journals_2535287946 pubmed_primary_31387326 crossref_primary_10_3390_v11080717 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_v11080717 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20190805 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-08-05 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 8 year: 2019 text: 20190805 day: 5 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Switzerland |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Switzerland – name: Basel |
| PublicationTitle | Viruses |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Viruses |
| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG MDPI |
| Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG – name: MDPI |
| References | Zaki (ref_1) 2012; 367 Muller (ref_17) 2014; 20 Ommeh (ref_26) 2018; 33 Ali (ref_16) 2017; 6 Hemida (ref_14) 2014; 20 ref_11 Memish (ref_5) 2014; 20 Kasem (ref_27) 2018; 11 Hemida (ref_24) 2017; 6 Omrani (ref_18) 2015; 109 Kim (ref_8) 2016; 7 Chu (ref_28) 2018; 115 Meyer (ref_4) 2014; 20 Farag (ref_21) 2015; 5 Azhar (ref_7) 2014; 5 Reusken (ref_15) 2014; 20 Drosten (ref_10) 2015; 60 Perera (ref_13) 2013; 18 Wernery (ref_30) 2015; 21 Azhar (ref_6) 2014; 370 Chu (ref_22) 2014; 20 Corman (ref_12) 2014; 20 ref_23 ref_20 ref_2 Alagaili (ref_3) 2014; 5 Corman (ref_19) 2012; 17 Memish (ref_9) 2013; 368 Kandeil (ref_29) 2016; 4 Wilson (ref_25) 2017; 24 |
| References_xml | – volume: 20 start-page: 1049 year: 2014 ident: ref_22 article-title: Mers coronaviruses in dromedary camels, Egypt publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis. doi: 10.3201/eid2006.140299 – volume: 20 start-page: 2093 year: 2014 ident: ref_17 article-title: Mers coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in camels, eastern africa, 1983–1997 publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis. doi: 10.3201/eid2012.141026 – volume: 5 start-page: e00884-14 year: 2014 ident: ref_3 article-title: Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in saudi arabia publication-title: mBio doi: 10.1128/mBio.00884-14 – ident: ref_11 – volume: 17 start-page: 20334 year: 2012 ident: ref_19 article-title: Assays for laboratory confirmation of novel human coronavirus (hcov-emc) infections publication-title: Euro Surveill. doi: 10.2807/ese.17.49.20334-en – volume: 6 start-page: e1 year: 2017 ident: ref_16 article-title: Systematic, active surveillance for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in camels in egypt publication-title: Emerg. Microbes Infect. doi: 10.1038/emi.2016.130 – ident: ref_23 doi: 10.1079/9781780641010.0007 – volume: 370 start-page: 2499 year: 2014 ident: ref_6 article-title: Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of mers coronavirus publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1401505 – volume: 6 start-page: e56 year: 2017 ident: ref_24 article-title: Longitudinal study of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camel herds in saudi arabia, 2014–2015 publication-title: Emerg. Microbes Infect. doi: 10.1038/emi.2017.44 – volume: 18 start-page: 20574 year: 2013 ident: ref_13 article-title: Seroepidemiology for mers coronavirus using microneutralisation and pseudoparticle virus neutralisation assays reveal a high prevalence of antibody in dromedary camels in egypt, june 2013 publication-title: Euro Surveill. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2013.18.36.20574 – volume: 109 start-page: 354 year: 2015 ident: ref_18 article-title: Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov): Animal to human interaction publication-title: Pathog. Glob. Health doi: 10.1080/20477724.2015.1122852 – volume: 11 start-page: 331 year: 2018 ident: ref_27 article-title: Cross-sectional study of mers-cov-specific rna and antibodies in animals that have had contact with mers patients in saudi arabia publication-title: J. Infect. Public Health doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.022 – volume: 115 start-page: 3144 year: 2018 ident: ref_28 article-title: Mers coronaviruses from camels in africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.1718769115 – volume: 20 start-page: 552 year: 2014 ident: ref_4 article-title: Antibodies against mers coronavirus in dromedary camels, united arab emirates, 2003 and 2013 publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis. doi: 10.3201/eid2004.131746 – volume: 367 start-page: 1814 year: 2012 ident: ref_1 article-title: Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in saudi arabia publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1211721 – volume: 4 start-page: 140 year: 2016 ident: ref_29 article-title: Complete genome sequence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus isolated from a dromedary camel in egypt publication-title: Genome Announc. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00309-16 – ident: ref_2 – volume: 20 start-page: 1012 year: 2014 ident: ref_5 article-title: Human infection with mers coronavirus after exposure to infected camels, saudi arabia, 2013 publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis. doi: 10.3201/eid2006.140402 – volume: 60 start-page: 369 year: 2015 ident: ref_10 article-title: An observational, laboratory-based study of outbreaks of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in jeddah and riyadh, kingdom of saudi arabia, 2014 publication-title: Clin. Infect. Dis. Off. Publ. Infect. Dis. Soc. Am. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu812 – volume: 20 start-page: 1231 year: 2014 ident: ref_14 article-title: Mers coronavirus in dromedary camel herd, saudi arabia publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis. doi: 10.3201/eid2007.140571 – volume: 5 start-page: 28305 year: 2015 ident: ref_21 article-title: High proportion of mers-cov shedding dromedaries at slaughterhouse with a potential epidemiological link to human cases, qatar 2014 publication-title: Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol. – volume: 20 start-page: 1319 year: 2014 ident: ref_12 article-title: Antibodies against mers coronavirus in dromedary camels, kenya, 1992–2013 publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis. doi: 10.3201/eid2008.140596 – volume: 24 start-page: 1 year: 2017 ident: ref_25 article-title: The one-humped camel in uganda publication-title: J. Camel Pract. Res. doi: 10.5958/2277-8934.2017.00001.7 – volume: 33 start-page: 484 year: 2018 ident: ref_26 article-title: Genetic evidence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and widespread seroprevalence among camels in kenya publication-title: Virol. Sin. doi: 10.1007/s12250-018-0076-4 – volume: 5 start-page: e01450 year: 2014 ident: ref_7 article-title: Detection of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus genome in an air sample originating from a camel barn owned by an infected patient publication-title: mBio doi: 10.1128/mBio.01450-14 – volume: 7 start-page: e00019 year: 2016 ident: ref_8 article-title: Spread of mutant middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus with reduced affinity to human cd26 during the south korean outbreak publication-title: mBio doi: 10.1128/mBio.00019-16 – ident: ref_20 – volume: 20 start-page: 1370 year: 2014 ident: ref_15 article-title: Geographic distribution of mers coronavirus among dromedary camels, africa publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis. doi: 10.3201/eid2008.140590 – volume: 368 start-page: 2487 year: 2013 ident: ref_9 article-title: Family cluster of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1303729 – volume: 21 start-page: 1019 year: 2015 ident: ref_30 article-title: Acute middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in livestock dromedaries, dubai, 2014 publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis. doi: 10.3201/eid2106.150038 |
| SSID | ssj0066907 |
| Score | 2.3824792 |
| Snippet | Dromedary camels are the natural reservoirs of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camels are mostly bred in East African countries... : Dromedary camels are the natural reservoirs of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camels are mostly bred in East African countries... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source |
| StartPage | 717 |
| SubjectTerms | adults Antibodies blood serum Camelidae camels Camelus dromedarius Coronavirus infections Coronaviruses Disease transmission Egypt Epidemiology Females herds Infections Iraq Jordan longitudinal studies MERS coronavirus Middle East Middle East respiratory syndrome Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus monitoring nose Phylogeny quantitative polymerase chain reaction Respiratory diseases RNA Saudi Arabia Senegal Serology seroprevalence surveillance Tunisia Uganda virus infection virus transmission Viruses Zoonoses |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1La9wwEBYhUMil9JG2TtOihhySg4llyZJ8bLYbQmFzSJqQm9GTLrTekN0N9N93xvI6uyW0l158kAYjjUaeb6zRN4Qc1oobF4XOQwXbTQhb5uAFbQ6LbRme-9UObyNPLuT5tfh6W92ulfrCnLBED5wUd6KUtBEZThQ4e19EHUrhQ-GcF1YG3UEj8HmrYCp9gyXGfIlHiENQf_KAye4YuWx4n46k_ylk-WeC5JrHOXtBnvdQkX5OQ3xJtkL7ijxLxSN_vSZh0v1boGMzX9DLxxNzetWTENARshOYh-n9ck6PJuPLq3w0uzmm05Z-wX5vQHhkfoJ3xLZUMYia1tO1N--S67Pxt9F53hdNyB1oe5ED_uTWaeOFjAzBkIsQwWktwU8D-DMBQizLnay1YLVQRTCMeeECZxGgHri0N2S7nbXhHaGmckrDo7SeC89VzaKNlZfO1cFEwTJytFJm43pGcSxs8aOByAL13gx6z8jBIHqXaDSeEjrFFRkEkPm6awB7aHp7aP5lDxnZX61n02_HeVN2JDbIpZ-RT0M3bCQ8HTFtmC1BBu_0FgBfqr_ICLxsjpeBM_I2mcgwWs64VgCGM6I2jGdjOps97fR7R-gtVQnjK_b-x_zfkx3AdHWXo1jtk-3F_TJ8ANy0sB-7LfIbFyAVUQ priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: Health & Medical Collection dbid: 7X7 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwELagCIkL4k2gIIM4lEPUOHZs54Rg2apCWg4tRXuL_ISVICn7qMS_Zybxpl1U9ZKDPYqc8TjzjT3-hpB3teLGRaHzUMFyE8KWOXhBm8NkW4bnfrXD28izr_L4THyZV_O04bZKaZXbf2L_o_adwz3yw7LnIUE69A_nf3KsGoWnq6mExm1yB6nL0KrVfAy4JEZ-A5sQh9D-8AJT3jF-2fFBPVX_dfjy_zTJK37n6AG5nwAj_TjM8ENyK7SPyN2hhOTfxyTM-h0GOjWrNT25PDenp4mKgE6Qo8BcLJabFT2YTU9O80n3_T1dtPQz9nsDwhPzG3wktg11g6hpPb3y5ifk7Gj6bXKcp9IJuQOdr3NAodw6bbyQkSEkchHiOK0leGuAgCZAoGW5k7UWrBaqCIYxL1zgLALgA8f2lOy1XRueE2oqpzQ8Suu58FzVLNpYeelcHUwULCMHW2U2LvGKY3mLXw3EF6j3ZtR7Rt6OoucDmcZ1Qp9wRkYB5L_uG7rljyYtp0YpaSPy3iiAgL6IOpTCh8I5L6wM2mRkfzufTVqUq-bShDLyZuyG5YRnJKYN3QZk8GZvASCmukFG4JVzvBKckWeDiYyj5YxrBZA4I2rHeHY-Z7enXfzsab2lKmF8xYubh_6S3APMVvc5iNU-2VsvN-EV4KK1fd0b_z9Iogxv priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Dromedary Camels in Africa and Middle East |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31387326 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2535287946 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2269401855 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2431859956 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6723520 https://doaj.org/article/776bf01467154d0f8e24de0ccd4b6e8a |
| Volume | 11 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwEB71IVAviHcDZWUQh3IIxIkTJweE6LKlQtoKbVm0t8ivwEptFvZR0X_PTF7sooVLDvbIcjwezTce-xuAl5mMlClE6rsYzU0IHfroBbWPytac8n6ZodfIw_PkbCw-TeLJDrQ1NpsFXGwN7aie1Hh--frXz5t3aPBvKeLEkP3NNV1lp7hkF_bRIUkqZDAUXTIhoQCwJhXaFD-A2xGPUhkRs8KaV6rI-7chzr8vTq55otO7cKeBkOx9rfN7sOPK-3CrLip58wDcsDpzYAO1WLLRn0w6u2jICVifWAvU9XS-WrDj4WB04fdnX1-xack-UL9VKNxXV-g1qa2uJMRUadnayA9hfDr40j_zm2IKvkEtLH3EpZE2qbIiKTiBJFNgZJemCfpvBIXKYeilI5NkqeCZkIFTnFthXMQLhIDo6h7BXjkr3SEwFRuZ4ifUNhI2khkvdBHbxJjMqUJwD47bxcxNwzROBS8uc4w4SAV5pwIPXnSiP2p6jW1CJ6SRToAYsauG2fxb3hhYLmWiC2LCkQgKbVCkLhTWBcZYoROXKg-OWn3m7S7Lw4rchjj2PXjedaOBUdZElW62Qhl66xsgrIn_IyPoETo9Evbgcb1Futm2W8wDubF5Nn5ns6ecfq-IvhMZ4vyCJ_8c8ykcIIDLqguJ8RHsLecr9wxB0lL3YFdOZA_2Twbnn0e96qgBvx8nvFcZx2-sgRH- |
| linkProvider | Scholars Portal |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6VIgQXxJtAAYNAKoeoSezEyQEh2G61pd0e-kB7C36lXQmSso-i_il-IzNJNu2iqrdecohHkWPPeL6xPd8AvM8kV6YQqe9iNDchdOSjF9Q-TrYO6dwvM5SNPNxLBkfi2ygercDfRS4MXatcrIn1Qm0rQ3vkG1HNQ0J06J9Pf_tUNYpOVxclNBq12HHnfzBkm37a3sT5_RBFW_3D3sBvqwr4Brsz8xGgcW1SZUVShIQWTIEhTpom6MgQHSmHMYjmJslSgQG-DJwKQyuM42GBWAjXfPzuLbiNjjegYE-OugAvoUizYS_iPAs2zuiKPcVLSz6vLg1wFZ79_1rmJT-39QDutwCVfWk06iGsuPIR3GlKVp4_BjesdzRYX01nbP_inJ4dtNQHrEecCOpsPJlP2fqwv3_g96rvH9m4ZJvUbhUK99Qv9Mn0rqlTxFRp2aUvP4GjGxnUp7BaVqV7DkzFRqb4iLTlwnKZhYUuYpsYkzlViNCD9cVg5qblMadyGj9zjGdo3PNu3D1414meNuQdVwl9pRnpBIhvu35RTY7z1nxzKRNdEM-ORMhpgyJ1kbAuMMYKnbhUebC2mM-8XQSm-YXKevC2a0bzpTMZVbpqjjKUSRwgaIqvkRGU4k4pyB48a1Sk6y0PeSoRgnsgl5Rn6XeWW8rxSU0jnsgI-xe8uL7rb-Du4HC4m-9u7-28hHuIF7P6_mO8Bquzydy9Qkw2069rQ2Dw46Yt7x8DREao |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEB6VVCAuiDeGAgsCqRys-LH22geEaB5qKYmqlKLezHofEAnskkdR_xq_jhk_0gZVvfWSg3dkbXZndr7xznwD8CYVoVSWJ66J0Nw4zwMXvWDu4mbnPt37pYqqkUfjePeIfzqOjjfgb1sLQ2mV7ZlYHdS6VPSNvBtUPCREh961TVrEQX_44eS3Sx2k6Ka1badRq8i-OfuD4dv8_V4f9_ptEAwHX3q7btNhwFU4tYWLYC3MVSI1j61PyEFZDHeSJEanhkhJGoxH8lDFacIx2Beekb6vuTKhbxEX4fmP770Bm4Kiog5s7gzGB5PWD8QUd9ZcRmGYet1TSrin6GnNA1aNAi5Dt_8naV7wesO7cKeBq-xjrV_3YMMU9-Fm3cDy7AGYUfV9gw3kfMEm57f27LAhQmA9YkiQp9PZcs62R4PJodsrv75j04L1aVxLFO7JX-ih6VndtYjJQrMLb34IR9eyrI-gU5SFeQJMRkok-BPkOuQ6FKlvcxvpWKnUSMt9B7bbxcxUw2pOzTV-Zhjd0Lpnq3V34PVK9KSm8rhMaId2ZCVA7NvVg3L2PWuMORMizi2x7ggEoNqziQm4Np5SmuexSaQDW-1-Zs2RMM_OFdiBV6thNGa6oZGFKZcoQ3XFHkKo6AoZTgXvVJDswONaRVazDf0wEQjIHRBryrP2d9ZHiumPilQ8FgHOz3t69dRfwi20uuzz3nj_GdxG8JhWyZDRFnQWs6V5jgBtkb9oLIHBt-s2vn_lQExD |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Middle+East+Respiratory+Syndrome+Coronavirus+%28MERS-CoV%29+in+Dromedary+Camels+in+Africa+and+Middle+East&rft.jtitle=Viruses&rft.au=Kandeil%2C+Ahmed&rft.au=Gomaa%2C+Mokhtar&rft.au=Nageh%2C+Ahmed&rft.au=Shehata%2C+Mahmoud+M&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft.eissn=1999-4915&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fv11080717&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31387326&rft.externalDocID=31387326 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon |