The Human Virome: Viral Metagenomics, Relations with Human Diseases, and Therapeutic Applications

The human body is colonized by a wide range of microorganisms. The field of viromics has expanded since the first reports on the detection of viruses via metagenomic sequencing in 2002. With the continued development of reference materials and databases, viral metagenomic approaches have been used t...

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Published inViruses Vol. 14; no. 2; p. 278
Main Authors Bai, Geng-Hao, Lin, Sheng-Chieh, Hsu, Yi-Hsiang, Chen, Shih-Yen
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 28.01.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Acids
Animals
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - therapy
COVID-19 infection
digestive system
disease
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics
human diseases
Humans
Metagenome
Metagenomics
Metagenomics - methods
Mice
Obesity - complications
pandemic
Pandemics
pathogenesis
Review
Reviews
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
Therapeutic applications
therapeutics
virome
Virome - genetics
Virus Diseases - drug therapy
Virus Diseases - therapy
Viruses
Viruses - classification
Viruses - genetics
virome
SARS-CoV-2
disease
metagenome
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Abstract The human body is colonized by a wide range of microorganisms. The field of viromics has expanded since the first reports on the detection of viruses via metagenomic sequencing in 2002. With the continued development of reference materials and databases, viral metagenomic approaches have been used to explore known components of the virome and discover new viruses from various types of samples. The virome has attracted substantial interest since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Increasing numbers of studies and review articles have documented the diverse virome in various sites in the human body, as well as interactions between the human host and the virome with regard to health and disease. However, there have been few studies of direct causal relationships. Viral metagenomic analyses often lack standard references and are potentially subject to bias. Moreover, most virome-related review articles have focused on the gut virome and did not investigate the roles of the virome in other sites of the body in human disease. This review presents an overview of viral metagenomics, with updates regarding the relations between alterations in the human virome and the pathogenesis of human diseases, recent findings related to COVID-19, and therapeutic applications related to the human virome.
AbstractList The human body is colonized by a wide range of microorganisms. The field of viromics has expanded since the first reports on the detection of viruses via metagenomic sequencing in 2002. With the continued development of reference materials and databases, viral metagenomic approaches have been used to explore known components of the virome and discover new viruses from various types of samples. The virome has attracted substantial interest since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Increasing numbers of studies and review articles have documented the diverse virome in various sites in the human body, as well as interactions between the human host and the virome with regard to health and disease. However, there have been few studies of direct causal relationships. Viral metagenomic analyses often lack standard references and are potentially subject to bias. Moreover, most virome-related review articles have focused on the gut virome and did not investigate the roles of the virome in other sites of the body in human disease. This review presents an overview of viral metagenomics, with updates regarding the relations between alterations in the human virome and the pathogenesis of human diseases, recent findings related to COVID-19, and therapeutic applications related to the human virome.
The human body is colonized by a wide range of microorganisms. The field of viromics has expanded since the first reports on the detection of viruses via metagenomic sequencing in 2002. With the continued development of reference materials and databases, viral metagenomic approaches have been used to explore known components of the virome and discover new viruses from various types of samples. The virome has attracted substantial interest since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Increasing numbers of studies and review articles have documented the diverse virome in various sites in the human body, as well as interactions between the human host and the virome with regard to health and disease. However, there have been few studies of direct causal relationships. Viral metagenomic analyses often lack standard references and are potentially subject to bias. Moreover, most virome-related review articles have focused on the gut virome and did not investigate the roles of the virome in other sites of the body in human disease. This review presents an overview of viral metagenomics, with updates regarding the relations between alterations in the human virome and the pathogenesis of human diseases, recent findings related to COVID-19, and therapeutic applications related to the human virome.The human body is colonized by a wide range of microorganisms. The field of viromics has expanded since the first reports on the detection of viruses via metagenomic sequencing in 2002. With the continued development of reference materials and databases, viral metagenomic approaches have been used to explore known components of the virome and discover new viruses from various types of samples. The virome has attracted substantial interest since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Increasing numbers of studies and review articles have documented the diverse virome in various sites in the human body, as well as interactions between the human host and the virome with regard to health and disease. However, there have been few studies of direct causal relationships. Viral metagenomic analyses often lack standard references and are potentially subject to bias. Moreover, most virome-related review articles have focused on the gut virome and did not investigate the roles of the virome in other sites of the body in human disease. This review presents an overview of viral metagenomics, with updates regarding the relations between alterations in the human virome and the pathogenesis of human diseases, recent findings related to COVID-19, and therapeutic applications related to the human virome.
Author Hsu, Yi-Hsiang
Lin, Sheng-Chieh
Bai, Geng-Hao
Chen, Shih-Yen
AuthorAffiliation 7 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
2 Department of Education, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
4 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
5 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; yihsianghsu@hsl.harvard.edu
1 School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; b101105010@tmu.edu.tw
6 Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
3 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; jacklinbox@tmu.edu.tw
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SARS-CoV-2
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metagenome
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  year: 2022
  text: 20220128
  day: 28
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle Viruses
PublicationTitleAlternate Viruses
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
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Snippet The human body is colonized by a wide range of microorganisms. The field of viromics has expanded since the first reports on the detection of viruses via...
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SubjectTerms Acids
Animals
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - therapy
COVID-19 infection
digestive system
disease
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics
human diseases
Humans
Metagenome
Metagenomics
Metagenomics - methods
Mice
Obesity - complications
pandemic
Pandemics
pathogenesis
Review
Reviews
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
Therapeutic applications
therapeutics
virome
Virome - genetics
Virus Diseases - drug therapy
Virus Diseases - therapy
Viruses
Viruses - classification
Viruses - genetics
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Title The Human Virome: Viral Metagenomics, Relations with Human Diseases, and Therapeutic Applications
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Volume 14
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