Back to basics: A re-evaluation of the relevance of imprinting in the genesis of Bowlby’s attachment theory

Attachment theory is one of the key theoretical constructs that underpin explorations of human bonding, taking its current form in John Bowlby’s amalgamation of ideas from psychoanalysis, developmental psychology and ethology. Such a period of interdisciplinary exchange, and Bowlby’s interest in Lor...

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Published inFrontiers in psychology Vol. 13; p. 1033746
Main Authors Robledo, Juan-Pablo, Cross, Ian, Boada-Bayona, Luisa, Demogeot, Nadine
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media 20.12.2022
Frontiers Media S.A
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Abstract Attachment theory is one of the key theoretical constructs that underpin explorations of human bonding, taking its current form in John Bowlby’s amalgamation of ideas from psychoanalysis, developmental psychology and ethology. Such a period of interdisciplinary exchange, and Bowlby’s interest in Lorenz’ concept of imprinting in particular, have been subject to rather historical and biographical studies, leaving a fine-grained theoretical scrutiny of the exact relationship between imprinting and attachment still pending. This paper attempts to remedy such an omission by exploring the relationships between these two constructs. It critically reviews the theories of imprinting in general, of human imprinting in particular, and of attachment; analysis of the links between these processes bring to the foreground the distinction between supra-individual vs. individual aspects of bonding, the relevance of ‘proto-attachment’ phases before ‘proper’ Bowlbyan attachment is attained, and the role of communicative signals during such early phases. The paper outlines potential benefits of considering such elements in the study of early social cognition, particularly in respect of the study of the gaze and the infant-directed communicative register.
AbstractList Attachment theory is one of the key theoretical constructs that underpin explorations of human bonding, taking its current form in John Bowlby’s amalgamation of ideas from psychoanalysis, developmental psychology and ethology. Such a period of interdisciplinary exchange, and Bowlby’s interest in Lorenz’ concept of imprinting in particular, have been subject to rather historical and biographical studies, leaving a fine-grained theoretical scrutiny of the exact relationship between imprinting and attachment still pending. This paper attempts to remedy such an omission by exploring the relationships between these two constructs. It critically reviews the theories of imprinting in general, of human imprinting in particular, and of attachment; analysis of the links between these processes bring to the foreground the distinction between supra-individual vs. individual aspects of bonding, the relevance of ‘proto-attachment’ phases before ‘proper’ Bowlbyan attachment is attained, and the role of communicative signals during such early phases. The paper outlines potential benefits of considering such elements in the study of early social cognition, particularly in respect of the study of the gaze and the infant-directed communicative register.
Attachment theory is one of the key theoretical constructs that underpin explorations of human bonding, taking its current form in John Bowlby's amalgamation of ideas from psychoanalysis, developmental psychology and ethology. Such a period of interdisciplinary exchange, and Bowlby's interest in Lorenz' concept of imprinting in particular, have been subject to rather historical and biographical studies, leaving a fine-grained theoretical scrutiny of the exact relationship between imprinting and attachment still pending. This paper attempts to remedy such an omission by exploring the relationships between these two constructs. It critically reviews the theories of imprinting in general, of human imprinting in particular, and of attachment; analysis of the links between these processes bring to the foreground the distinction between supra-individual vs. individual aspects of bonding, the relevance of 'proto-attachment' phases before 'proper' Bowlbyan attachment is attained, and the role of communicative signals during such early phases. The paper outlines potential benefits of considering such elements in the study of early social cognition, particularly in respect of the study of the gaze and the infant-directed communicative register.Attachment theory is one of the key theoretical constructs that underpin explorations of human bonding, taking its current form in John Bowlby's amalgamation of ideas from psychoanalysis, developmental psychology and ethology. Such a period of interdisciplinary exchange, and Bowlby's interest in Lorenz' concept of imprinting in particular, have been subject to rather historical and biographical studies, leaving a fine-grained theoretical scrutiny of the exact relationship between imprinting and attachment still pending. This paper attempts to remedy such an omission by exploring the relationships between these two constructs. It critically reviews the theories of imprinting in general, of human imprinting in particular, and of attachment; analysis of the links between these processes bring to the foreground the distinction between supra-individual vs. individual aspects of bonding, the relevance of 'proto-attachment' phases before 'proper' Bowlbyan attachment is attained, and the role of communicative signals during such early phases. The paper outlines potential benefits of considering such elements in the study of early social cognition, particularly in respect of the study of the gaze and the infant-directed communicative register.
Author Cross, Ian
Demogeot, Nadine
Robledo, Juan-Pablo
Boada-Bayona, Luisa
AuthorAffiliation 3 Centre for Music and Science, Faculty of Music, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
1 Millennium Institute for Care Research (MICARE) , Santiago , Chile
4 Centre for Multidisciplinary and Intercultural Inquiry (CMII), Department of Health Humanities, University College London , London , United Kingdom
2 Laboratoire INTERPSY, Département de Psychologie, Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
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Keywords psychology
social cognition
imprinting (psychology)
ethology
human imprinting
attachment theory
psychoanalysis
Language English
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This article was submitted to Developmental Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology
Edited by: Jana Uher, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom
ORCID: Juan-Pablo Robledo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7338-1359
Reviewed by: Sergio Salvatore, University of Salento, Italy; Frank C. P. van der Horst, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Snippet Attachment theory is one of the key theoretical constructs that underpin explorations of human bonding, taking its current form in John Bowlby’s amalgamation...
Attachment theory is one of the key theoretical constructs that underpin explorations of human bonding, taking its current form in John Bowlby's amalgamation...
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StartPage 1033746
SubjectTerms attachment theory
Cognitive science
ethology
human imprinting
imprinting (psychology)
psychoanalysis
Psychology
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Title Back to basics: A re-evaluation of the relevance of imprinting in the genesis of Bowlby’s attachment theory
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36605276
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