Relationships between implicit and explicit uncertainty monitoring and mindreading: Evidence from autism spectrum disorder
•Explicit, but not implicit, uncertainty-monitoring impaired in ASD.•Only explicit uncertainty-monitoring correlated with mindreading.•Implicit uncertainty-monitoring tasks may not be truly metacognitive.•Common mechanism may underpin mindreading and metacognition. We examined performance on implici...
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| Published in | Consciousness and cognition Vol. 70; pp. 11 - 24 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
Elsevier Inc
01.04.2019
Elsevier BV |
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| Abstract | •Explicit, but not implicit, uncertainty-monitoring impaired in ASD.•Only explicit uncertainty-monitoring correlated with mindreading.•Implicit uncertainty-monitoring tasks may not be truly metacognitive.•Common mechanism may underpin mindreading and metacognition.
We examined performance on implicit (non-verbal) and explicit (verbal) uncertainty-monitoring tasks among neurotypical participants and participants with autism, while also testing mindreading abilities in both groups. We found that: (i) performance of autistic participants was unimpaired on the implicit uncertainty-monitoring task, while being significantly impaired on the explicit task; (ii) performance on the explicit task was correlated with performance on mindreading tasks in both groups, whereas performance on the implicit uncertainty-monitoring task was not; and (iii) performance on implicit and explicit uncertainty-monitoring tasks was not correlated. The results support the view that (a) explicit uncertainty-monitoring draws on the same cognitive faculty as mindreading whereas (b) implicit uncertainty-monitoring only test first-order decision making. These findings support the theory that metacognition and mindreading are underpinned by the same meta-representational faculty/resources, and that the implicit uncertainty-monitoring tasks that are frequently used with non-human animals fail to demonstrate the presence of metacognitive abilities. |
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| AbstractList | We examined performance on implicit (non-verbal) and explicit (verbal) uncertainty-monitoring tasks among neurotypical participants and participants with autism, while also testing mindreading abilities in both groups. We found that: (i) performance of autistic participants was unimpaired on the implicit uncertainty-monitoring task, while being significantly impaired on the explicit task; (ii) performance on the explicit task was correlated with performance on mindreading tasks in both groups, whereas performance on the implicit uncertainty-monitoring task was not; and (iii) performance on implicit and explicit uncertainty-monitoring tasks was not correlated. The results support the view that (a) explicit uncertainty-monitoring draws on the same cognitive faculty as mindreading whereas (b) implicit uncertainty-monitoring only test first-order decision making. These findings support the theory that metacognition and mindreading are underpinned by the same meta-representational faculty/resources, and that the implicit uncertainty-monitoring tasks that are frequently used with non-human animals fail to demonstrate the presence of metacognitive abilities. •Explicit, but not implicit, uncertainty-monitoring impaired in ASD.•Only explicit uncertainty-monitoring correlated with mindreading.•Implicit uncertainty-monitoring tasks may not be truly metacognitive.•Common mechanism may underpin mindreading and metacognition. We examined performance on implicit (non-verbal) and explicit (verbal) uncertainty-monitoring tasks among neurotypical participants and participants with autism, while also testing mindreading abilities in both groups. We found that: (i) performance of autistic participants was unimpaired on the implicit uncertainty-monitoring task, while being significantly impaired on the explicit task; (ii) performance on the explicit task was correlated with performance on mindreading tasks in both groups, whereas performance on the implicit uncertainty-monitoring task was not; and (iii) performance on implicit and explicit uncertainty-monitoring tasks was not correlated. The results support the view that (a) explicit uncertainty-monitoring draws on the same cognitive faculty as mindreading whereas (b) implicit uncertainty-monitoring only test first-order decision making. These findings support the theory that metacognition and mindreading are underpinned by the same meta-representational faculty/resources, and that the implicit uncertainty-monitoring tasks that are frequently used with non-human animals fail to demonstrate the presence of metacognitive abilities. |
| Author | Nicholson, Toby Lind, Sophie E. Williams, David M. Grainger, Catherine Carruthers, Peter |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Toby surname: Nicholson fullname: Nicholson, Toby organization: School of Psychology, University of Kent, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: David M. surname: Williams fullname: Williams, David M. email: D.M.Williams@kent.ac.uk organization: School of Psychology, University of Kent, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Catherine surname: Grainger fullname: Grainger, Catherine organization: School of Psychology, University of Stirling, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Sophie E. surname: Lind fullname: Lind, Sophie E. organization: Department of Psychology, City, University of London, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Peter surname: Carruthers fullname: Carruthers, Peter organization: Department of Philosophy, University of Maryland, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30776592$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_concog_2020_103017 crossref_primary_10_1177_13623613221106004 crossref_primary_10_17759_cpse_2022110402 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cognition_2022_105117 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neubiorev_2023_105045 crossref_primary_10_1111_brv_13090 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_concog_2023_103502 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_10398 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_13110 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10803_019_04118_6 crossref_primary_10_15388_Problemos_97_12 crossref_primary_10_3758_s13423_023_02280_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11409_024_09380_3 crossref_primary_10_1177_13623613221148010 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11098_020_01557_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jecp_2022_105572 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tics_2020_02_007 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_97958_1 |
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| Keywords | Uncertainty judgment Uncertainty monitoring Mindreading Autism spectrum disorder Metacognition |
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| Snippet | •Explicit, but not implicit, uncertainty-monitoring impaired in ASD.•Only explicit uncertainty-monitoring correlated with mindreading.•Implicit... We examined performance on implicit (non-verbal) and explicit (verbal) uncertainty-monitoring tasks among neurotypical participants and participants with... |
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| SubjectTerms | Autism Autism spectrum disorder Cognitive ability Decision making Metacognition Mindreading Uncertainty judgment Uncertainty monitoring |
| Title | Relationships between implicit and explicit uncertainty monitoring and mindreading: Evidence from autism spectrum disorder |
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