The Histone Variant H2A.W Defines Heterochromatin and Promotes Chromatin Condensation in Arabidopsis

Histone variants play crucial roles in gene expression, genome integrity, and chromosome segregation. We report that the four H2A variants in Arabidopsis define different genomic features, contributing to overall genomic organization. The histone variant H2A.W marks heterochromatin specifically and...

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Published in	Cell Vol. 158; no. 1; pp. 98 - 109
Main Authors	Yelagandula, Ramesh, Stroud, Hume, Holec, Sarah, Zhou, Keda, Feng, Suhua, Zhong, Xuehua, Muthurajan, Uma M., Nie, Xin, Kawashima, Tomokazu, Groth, Martin, Luger, Karolin, Jacobsen, Steven E., Berger, Frédéric
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	United States Elsevier Inc 03.07.2014
Subjects	Amino Acid Sequence Animalia animals Arabidopsis Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis - metabolism Arabidopsis Proteins - chemistry Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly chromosome segregation DNA Methylation DNA Transposable Elements gene expression genome Genome-Wide Association Study heterochromatin Heterochromatin - metabolism histones Histones - chemistry Histones - genetics Histones - metabolism Metazoa Molecular Sequence Data plants (botany) Sequence Alignment transposons
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Abstract	Histone variants play crucial roles in gene expression, genome integrity, and chromosome segregation. We report that the four H2A variants in Arabidopsis define different genomic features, contributing to overall genomic organization. The histone variant H2A.W marks heterochromatin specifically and acts in synergy with heterochromatic marks H3K9me2 and DNA methylation to maintain transposon silencing. In vitro, H2A.W enhances chromatin condensation by promoting fiber-to-fiber interactions via its conserved C-terminal motif. In vivo, H2A.W is required for heterochromatin condensation, demonstrating that H2A.W plays critical roles in heterochromatin organization. Similarities in conserved motifs between H2A.W and another H2A variant in metazoans suggest that plants and animals share common mechanisms for heterochromatin condensation. [Display omitted] •Genomic features are marked by combination of H2A variants in Arabidopsis•Heterochromatin is specifically marked by H2A.W in correlation with H3K9me2•H2A.W is required for heterochromatin condensation and silencing•A conserved C-terminal motif of H2A.W promotes chromatin condensation The four H2A variants in Arabidopsis contribute differently to genome organization with H2A.W serving to define and condense heterochromatin.
AbstractList	Histone variants play crucial roles in gene expression, genome integrity, and chromosome segregation. We report that the four H2A variants in Arabidopsis define different genomic features, contributing to overall genomic organization. The histone variant H2A.W marks heterochromatin specifically and acts in synergy with heterochromatic marks H3K9me2 and DNA methylation to maintain transposon silencing. In vitro, H2A.W enhances chromatin condensation by promoting fiber-to-fiber interactions via its conserved C-terminal motif. In vivo, H2A.W is required for heterochromatin condensation, demonstrating that H2A.W plays critical roles in heterochromatin organization. Similarities in conserved motifs between H2A.W and another H2A variant in metazoans suggest that plants and animals share common mechanisms for heterochromatin condensation.Histone variants play crucial roles in gene expression, genome integrity, and chromosome segregation. We report that the four H2A variants in Arabidopsis define different genomic features, contributing to overall genomic organization. The histone variant H2A.W marks heterochromatin specifically and acts in synergy with heterochromatic marks H3K9me2 and DNA methylation to maintain transposon silencing. In vitro, H2A.W enhances chromatin condensation by promoting fiber-to-fiber interactions via its conserved C-terminal motif. In vivo, H2A.W is required for heterochromatin condensation, demonstrating that H2A.W plays critical roles in heterochromatin organization. Similarities in conserved motifs between H2A.W and another H2A variant in metazoans suggest that plants and animals share common mechanisms for heterochromatin condensation. Histone variants play crucial roles in gene expression, genome integrity, and chromosome segregation. We report that the four H2A variants in Arabidopsis define different genomic features, contributing to overall genomic organization. The histone variant H2A.W marks heterochromatin specifically and acts in synergy with heterochromatic marks H3K9me2 and DNA methylation to maintain transposon silencing. In vitro, H2A.W enhances chromatin condensation by promoting fiber-to-fiber interactions via its conserved C-terminal motif. In vivo, H2A.W is required for heterochromatin condensation, demonstrating that H2A.W plays critical roles in heterochromatin organization. Similarities in conserved motifs between H2A.W and another H2A variant in metazoans suggest that plants and animals share common mechanisms for heterochromatin condensation. Histone variants play crucial roles in gene expression, genome integrity and chromosome segregation. However, to what extent histone variants control chromatin architecture remains largely unknown. We report genome-wide profiles of all four types of H2A variants in Arabidopsis and identify that the previously uncharacterized histone variant H2A.W specifically associates with heterochromatin. Genetic analyses show that H2A.W acts in synergy with the heterochromatic marks H3K9me2 and DNA methylation to maintain genome integrity. In vitro , H2A.W enhances chromatin condensation through a higher propensity to promote fiber-to-fiber interactions via its conserved C-terminal motif. In vivo , elimination of H2A.W causes decondensation of heterochromatin and conversely, ectopic expression of H2A.W promotes heterochromatin condensation. These results demonstrate that H2A.W plays critical roles in heterochromatin by promoting higher order chromatin condensation. Since motifs similar to the H2A.W C-terminal motif are present in other histone variants in other organisms, our findings impact our understanding of heterochromatin condensation in eukaryotes. Histone variants play crucial roles in gene expression, genome integrity, and chromosome segregation. We report that the four H2A variants in Arabidopsis define different genomic features, contributing to overall genomic organization. The histone variant H2A.W marks heterochromatin specifically and acts in synergy with heterochromatic marks H3K9me2 and DNA methylation to maintain transposon silencing. In vitro, H2A.W enhances chromatin condensation by promoting fiber-to-fiber interactions via its conserved C-terminal motif. In vivo, H2A.W is required for heterochromatin condensation, demonstrating that H2A.W plays critical roles in heterochromatin organization. Similarities in conserved motifs between H2A.W and another H2A variant in metazoans suggest that plants and animals share common mechanisms for heterochromatin condensation. [Display omitted] •Genomic features are marked by combination of H2A variants in Arabidopsis•Heterochromatin is specifically marked by H2A.W in correlation with H3K9me2•H2A.W is required for heterochromatin condensation and silencing•A conserved C-terminal motif of H2A.W promotes chromatin condensation The four H2A variants in Arabidopsis contribute differently to genome organization with H2A.W serving to define and condense heterochromatin.
Author	Nie, Xin Luger, Karolin Berger, Frédéric Holec, Sarah Zhou, Keda Stroud, Hume Yelagandula, Ramesh Zhong, Xuehua Kawashima, Tomokazu Groth, Martin Jacobsen, Steven E. Muthurajan, Uma M. Feng, Suhua
AuthorAffiliation	7 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA 3 Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA 1 Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, 117604 Singapore 4 Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA 5 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA 2 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore 6 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 5 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA – name: 1 Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, 117604 Singapore – name: 3 Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA – name: 4 Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA – name: 2 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore – name: 6 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA – name: 7 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Ramesh surname: Yelagandula fullname: Yelagandula, Ramesh organization: Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, 117604 Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 2 givenname: Hume surname: Stroud fullname: Stroud, Hume organization: Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Sarah surname: Holec fullname: Holec, Sarah organization: Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, 117604 Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 4 givenname: Keda surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Keda organization: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Suhua surname: Feng fullname: Feng, Suhua organization: Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Xuehua surname: Zhong fullname: Zhong, Xuehua organization: Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Uma M. surname: Muthurajan fullname: Muthurajan, Uma M. organization: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Xin surname: Nie fullname: Nie, Xin organization: Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, 117604 Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 9 givenname: Tomokazu surname: Kawashima fullname: Kawashima, Tomokazu organization: Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, 117604 Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 10 givenname: Martin surname: Groth fullname: Groth, Martin organization: Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: Karolin surname: Luger fullname: Luger, Karolin organization: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Steven E. surname: Jacobsen fullname: Jacobsen, Steven E. email: jacobsen@ucla.edu organization: Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA – sequence: 13 givenname: Frédéric surname: Berger fullname: Berger, Frédéric email: fred@tll.org.sg organization: Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, 117604 Singapore, Singapore
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24995981$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Present address: Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. These authors contributed equally to this work. Present address: Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI53706, USA.
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Snippet	Histone variants play crucial roles in gene expression, genome integrity, and chromosome segregation. We report that the four H2A variants in Arabidopsis... Histone variants play crucial roles in gene expression, genome integrity and chromosome segregation. However, to what extent histone variants control chromatin...
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SubjectTerms	Amino Acid Sequence Animalia animals Arabidopsis Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis - metabolism Arabidopsis Proteins - chemistry Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly chromosome segregation DNA Methylation DNA Transposable Elements gene expression genome Genome-Wide Association Study heterochromatin Heterochromatin - metabolism histones Histones - chemistry Histones - genetics Histones - metabolism Metazoa Molecular Sequence Data plants (botany) Sequence Alignment transposons
Title	The Histone Variant H2A.W Defines Heterochromatin and Promotes Chromatin Condensation in Arabidopsis
URI	https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.06.006 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24995981 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1543282214 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1551617670 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2000215739 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4671829
Volume	158
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