Activation of suprachiasmatic nuclei and primary visual cortex depends upon time of day
The human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master biological clock, is a small (∼2 mm3) and deep structure located in the anterior hypothalamus. Previous methods do not allow in vivo study of the human SCN in a non‐invasive manner. Therefore, we explored blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD)‐functio...
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| Published in | The European journal of neuroscience Vol. 29; no. 2; pp. 399 - 410 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.01.2009
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master biological clock, is a small (∼2 mm3) and deep structure located in the anterior hypothalamus. Previous methods do not allow in vivo study of the human SCN in a non‐invasive manner. Therefore, we explored blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD)‐functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with OFF–ON–OFF block‐designed visual stimuli to record the activities in the ‘SCN and peri SCN in the anterior hypothalamus’ (SCN+) and the primary visual area V1 using a 3T Siemens scanner and six normal subjects. We found that: (i) the BOLD‐fMRI response to light and the mean of percentage activation in the SCN+ at midday was significantly less than that at night; and (ii) the number of activated voxels in most of the visual area V1 at midday was significantly higher than that at night. We conclude that BOLD‐fMRI responses to light in the SCN+ and the V1 areas vary with time of day. This conclusion is consistent with: (i) the previously measured phase–response curve to light [J. Physiol., 549.3 (2003) 945] for the SCN activity at critical intensity threshold; and (ii) the interaction of the melanopsin‐based signals with the rod‐cone signals at the ‘giant’ retinal ganglion cells [Nature, 433 (2005) 749] for the V1 activity. |
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| AbstractList | AbstractThe human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master biological clock, is a small ( similar to 2mm3) and deep structure located in the anterior hypothalamus. Previous methods do not allow in vivo study of the human SCN in a non-invasive manner. Therefore, we explored blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD)-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with OFF-ON-OFF block-designed visual stimuli to record the activities in the 'SCN and peri SCN in the anterior hypothalamus' (SCN+) and the primary visual area V1 using a 3T Siemens scanner and six normal subjects. We found that: (i) the BOLD-fMRI response to light and the mean of percentage activation in the SCN+ at midday was significantly less than that at night; and (ii) the number of activated voxels in most of the visual area V1 at midday was significantly higher than that at night. We conclude that BOLD-fMRI responses to light in the SCN+ and the V1 areas vary with time of day. This conclusion is consistent with: (i) the previously measured phase-response curve to light [J. Physiol., 549.3 (2003) 945] for the SCN activity at critical intensity threshold; and (ii) the interaction of the melanopsin-based signals with the rod-cone signals at the 'giant' retinal ganglion cells [Nature, 433 (2005) 749] for the V1 activity. The human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master biological clock, is a small (∼2 mm 3 ) and deep structure located in the anterior hypothalamus. Previous methods do not allow in vivo study of the human SCN in a non‐invasive manner. Therefore, we explored blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD)‐functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with OFF–ON–OFF block‐designed visual stimuli to record the activities in the ‘SCN and peri SCN in the anterior hypothalamus’ (SCN + ) and the primary visual area V1 using a 3T Siemens scanner and six normal subjects. We found that: (i) the BOLD‐fMRI response to light and the mean of percentage activation in the SCN + at midday was significantly less than that at night; and (ii) the number of activated voxels in most of the visual area V1 at midday was significantly higher than that at night. We conclude that BOLD‐fMRI responses to light in the SCN + and the V1 areas vary with time of day. This conclusion is consistent with: (i) the previously measured phase–response curve to light [ J. Physiol. , 549.3 (2003) 945] for the SCN activity at critical intensity threshold; and (ii) the interaction of the melanopsin‐based signals with the rod‐cone signals at the ‘giant’ retinal ganglion cells [ Nature , 433 (2005) 749] for the V1 activity. The human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master biological clock, is a small (∼2 mm3) and deep structure located in the anterior hypothalamus. Previous methods do not allow in vivo study of the human SCN in a non‐invasive manner. Therefore, we explored blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD)‐functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with OFF–ON–OFF block‐designed visual stimuli to record the activities in the ‘SCN and peri SCN in the anterior hypothalamus’ (SCN+) and the primary visual area V1 using a 3T Siemens scanner and six normal subjects. We found that: (i) the BOLD‐fMRI response to light and the mean of percentage activation in the SCN+ at midday was significantly less than that at night; and (ii) the number of activated voxels in most of the visual area V1 at midday was significantly higher than that at night. We conclude that BOLD‐fMRI responses to light in the SCN+ and the V1 areas vary with time of day. This conclusion is consistent with: (i) the previously measured phase–response curve to light [J. Physiol., 549.3 (2003) 945] for the SCN activity at critical intensity threshold; and (ii) the interaction of the melanopsin‐based signals with the rod‐cone signals at the ‘giant’ retinal ganglion cells [Nature, 433 (2005) 749] for the V1 activity. The human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master biological clock, is a small (approximately 2 mm(3)) and deep structure located in the anterior hypothalamus. Previous methods do not allow in vivo study of the human SCN in a non-invasive manner. Therefore, we explored blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD)-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with OFF-ON-OFF block-designed visual stimuli to record the activities in the 'SCN and peri SCN in the anterior hypothalamus' (SCN+) and the primary visual area V1 using a 3T Siemens scanner and six normal subjects. We found that: (i) the BOLD-fMRI response to light and the mean of percentage activation in the SCN+ at midday was significantly less than that at night; and (ii) the number of activated voxels in most of the visual area V1 at midday was significantly higher than that at night. We conclude that BOLD-fMRI responses to light in the SCN+ and the V1 areas vary with time of day. This conclusion is consistent with: (i) the previously measured phase-response curve to light [J. Physiol., 549.3 (2003) 945] for the SCN activity at critical intensity threshold; and (ii) the interaction of the melanopsin-based signals with the rod-cone signals at the 'giant' retinal ganglion cells [Nature, 433 (2005) 749] for the V1 activity. The human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master biological clock, is a small (approximately 2 mm(3)) and deep structure located in the anterior hypothalamus. Previous methods do not allow in vivo study of the human SCN in a non-invasive manner. Therefore, we explored blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD)-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with OFF-ON-OFF block-designed visual stimuli to record the activities in the 'SCN and peri SCN in the anterior hypothalamus' (SCN+) and the primary visual area V1 using a 3T Siemens scanner and six normal subjects. We found that: (i) the BOLD-fMRI response to light and the mean of percentage activation in the SCN+ at midday was significantly less than that at night; and (ii) the number of activated voxels in most of the visual area V1 at midday was significantly higher than that at night. We conclude that BOLD-fMRI responses to light in the SCN+ and the V1 areas vary with time of day. This conclusion is consistent with: (i) the previously measured phase-response curve to light [J. Physiol., 549.3 (2003) 945] for the SCN activity at critical intensity threshold; and (ii) the interaction of the melanopsin-based signals with the rod-cone signals at the 'giant' retinal ganglion cells [Nature, 433 (2005) 749] for the V1 activity.The human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master biological clock, is a small (approximately 2 mm(3)) and deep structure located in the anterior hypothalamus. Previous methods do not allow in vivo study of the human SCN in a non-invasive manner. Therefore, we explored blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD)-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with OFF-ON-OFF block-designed visual stimuli to record the activities in the 'SCN and peri SCN in the anterior hypothalamus' (SCN+) and the primary visual area V1 using a 3T Siemens scanner and six normal subjects. We found that: (i) the BOLD-fMRI response to light and the mean of percentage activation in the SCN+ at midday was significantly less than that at night; and (ii) the number of activated voxels in most of the visual area V1 at midday was significantly higher than that at night. We conclude that BOLD-fMRI responses to light in the SCN+ and the V1 areas vary with time of day. This conclusion is consistent with: (i) the previously measured phase-response curve to light [J. Physiol., 549.3 (2003) 945] for the SCN activity at critical intensity threshold; and (ii) the interaction of the melanopsin-based signals with the rod-cone signals at the 'giant' retinal ganglion cells [Nature, 433 (2005) 749] for the V1 activity. |
| Author | Frederick, Blaise B. Stopa, Edward G. Renshaw, Perry F. Harper, David G. Pandey-Vimal, Manju-Uma C. Vimal, Ram L. P. Vimal, Love-Shyam P. Vimal, Shalini P. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ram L. P. surname: Vimal fullname: Vimal, Ram L. P. organization: Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Manju-Uma C. surname: Pandey-Vimal fullname: Pandey-Vimal, Manju-Uma C. organization: Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Love-Shyam P. surname: Vimal fullname: Vimal, Love-Shyam P. organization: Vision Research Institute, 428 Great Road, Suite 11, Acton, MA 01720, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Blaise B. surname: Frederick fullname: Frederick, Blaise B. organization: Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Edward G. surname: Stopa fullname: Stopa, Edward G. organization: Department of Pathology, Lifespan Academic Medical Center and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Perry F. surname: Renshaw fullname: Renshaw, Perry F. organization: Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Shalini P. surname: Vimal fullname: Vimal, Shalini P. organization: Vision Research Institute, 428 Great Road, Suite 11, Acton, MA 01720, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: David G. surname: Harper fullname: Harper, David G. organization: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19200242$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | The human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master biological clock, is a small (∼2 mm3) and deep structure located in the anterior hypothalamus. Previous... The human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master biological clock, is a small (∼2 mm 3 ) and deep structure located in the anterior hypothalamus. Previous... The human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master biological clock, is a small (approximately 2 mm(3)) and deep structure located in the anterior... AbstractThe human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master biological clock, is a small ( similar to 2mm3) and deep structure located in the anterior... |
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| SubjectTerms | activated voxels Adult Biological Clocks - physiology BOLD-fMRI Brain Mapping Circadian Rhythm - physiology circadian rhythms Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male percentage activation Photic Stimulation Retina - cytology Retina - physiology Retinal Ganglion Cells - physiology Rod Opsins - physiology Sensory Thresholds - physiology suprachiasmatic nucleus Suprachiasmatic Nucleus - cytology Suprachiasmatic Nucleus - physiology Time Factors Vision, Ocular - physiology visual cortex Visual Cortex - cytology Visual Cortex - physiology Visual Pathways - cytology Visual Pathways - physiology Young Adult |
| Title | Activation of suprachiasmatic nuclei and primary visual cortex depends upon time of day |
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