Physiological predictors of performance in cross-country skiing from treadmill tests in male and female subjects
In order to study which parameter that best corresponds to performance during cross‐country skiing, seven male and nine female cross‐country skiers were tested with treadmill tests. Parameters measured or computed by metabolic gas measurements were the anaerobic threshold (AT), threshold of decompen...
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| Published in | Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports Vol. 12; no. 6; pp. 347 - 353 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Munksgaard International Publishers
01.12.2002
Blackwell |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | In order to study which parameter that best corresponds to performance during cross‐country skiing, seven male and nine female cross‐country skiers were tested with treadmill tests. Parameters measured or computed by metabolic gas measurements were the anaerobic threshold (AT), threshold of decompensated metabolic acidosis (TDMA), the exercise intensity where the Respiratory exchange ratio reaches 1.0 (R = 1) and peak oxygen (O2) uptake (VO2peak). Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA, 4 mmol·l−1 blood lactate) was also measured. The various parameters were measured in percentage of maximal heart rate, percentage of peak O2 uptake, VO2 ml·kg−1·min−1, VO2 ml·min−1·kg−2/3 and VO2 l·min−1. Results from four large competitions were also collected to rank the subjects. With correlation analysis, it was revealed that in male subjects a high OBLA was associated with good ranking results (r = (−0.829) − (−0.964); P < 0.05–0.001). In female subjects, the best association with competition results was found for R = 1 (r = (−0.715) − (−0.810); P < 0.05). Concerning VO2 measurements, for male subjects the unit l·min−1 is suggested to be used and for female subjects either the units l·min−1, ml·min−1·kg−2/3, or ml·kg−1·min−1 could be used when predicting performance in cross‐country skiing. In conclusion, treadmill tests can be used for the prediction of performance in cross‐country skiing. Further, various parameters from treadmill tests in men and women are best used as predictors of performance in cross‐country skiing. |
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| AbstractList | In order to study which parameter that best corresponds to performance during cross-country skiing, seven male and nine female cross-country skiers were tested with treadmill tests. Parameters measured or computed by metabolic gas measurements were the anaerobic threshold (AT), threshold of decompensated metabolic acidosis (TDMA), the exercise intensity where the Respiratory exchange ratio reaches 1.0 (R = 1) and peak oxygen (O2) uptake (VO2peak). Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA, 4 mmol.l-1 blood lactate) was also measured. The various parameters were measured in percentage of maximal heart rate, percentage of peak O2 uptake, VO2 ml.kg-1.min-1, VO2 ml.min-1.kg-2/3 and VO2 l.min-1. Results from four large competitions were also collected to rank the subjects. With correlation analysis, it was revealed that in male subjects a high OBLA was associated with good ranking results (r = (-0.829) - (-0.964); P < 0.05-0.001). In female subjects, the best association with competition results was found for R = 1 (r = (-0.715) - (-0.810); P < 0.05). Concerning VO2 measurements, for male subjects the unit l.min-1 is suggested to be used and for female subjects either the units l.min-1, ml.min-1.kg-2/3, or ml.kg-1.min-1 could be used when predicting performance in cross-country skiing. In conclusion, treadmill tests can be used for the prediction of performance in cross-country skiing. Further, various parameters from treadmill tests in men and women are best used as predictors of performance in cross-country skiing.In order to study which parameter that best corresponds to performance during cross-country skiing, seven male and nine female cross-country skiers were tested with treadmill tests. Parameters measured or computed by metabolic gas measurements were the anaerobic threshold (AT), threshold of decompensated metabolic acidosis (TDMA), the exercise intensity where the Respiratory exchange ratio reaches 1.0 (R = 1) and peak oxygen (O2) uptake (VO2peak). Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA, 4 mmol.l-1 blood lactate) was also measured. The various parameters were measured in percentage of maximal heart rate, percentage of peak O2 uptake, VO2 ml.kg-1.min-1, VO2 ml.min-1.kg-2/3 and VO2 l.min-1. Results from four large competitions were also collected to rank the subjects. With correlation analysis, it was revealed that in male subjects a high OBLA was associated with good ranking results (r = (-0.829) - (-0.964); P < 0.05-0.001). In female subjects, the best association with competition results was found for R = 1 (r = (-0.715) - (-0.810); P < 0.05). Concerning VO2 measurements, for male subjects the unit l.min-1 is suggested to be used and for female subjects either the units l.min-1, ml.min-1.kg-2/3, or ml.kg-1.min-1 could be used when predicting performance in cross-country skiing. In conclusion, treadmill tests can be used for the prediction of performance in cross-country skiing. Further, various parameters from treadmill tests in men and women are best used as predictors of performance in cross-country skiing. In order to study which parameter that best corresponds to performance during cross-country skiing, seven male and nine female cross-country skiers were tested with treadmill tests. Parameters measured or computed by metabolic gas measurements were the anaerobic threshold (AT), threshold of decompensated metabolic acidosis (TDMA), the exercise intensity where the Respiratory exchange ratio reaches 1.0 (R = 1) and peak oxygen (O2) uptake (VO2peak). Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA, 4 mmol.l-1 blood lactate) was also measured. The various parameters were measured in percentage of maximal heart rate, percentage of peak O2 uptake, VO2 ml.kg-1.min-1, VO2 ml.min-1.kg-2/3 and VO2 l.min-1. Results from four large competitions were also collected to rank the subjects. With correlation analysis, it was revealed that in male subjects a high OBLA was associated with good ranking results (r = (-0.829) - (-0.964); P < 0.05-0.001). In female subjects, the best association with competition results was found for R = 1 (r = (-0.715) - (-0.810); P < 0.05). Concerning VO2 measurements, for male subjects the unit l.min-1 is suggested to be used and for female subjects either the units l.min-1, ml.min-1.kg-2/3, or ml.kg-1.min-1 could be used when predicting performance in cross-country skiing. In conclusion, treadmill tests can be used for the prediction of performance in cross-country skiing. Further, various parameters from treadmill tests in men and women are best used as predictors of performance in cross-country skiing. In order to study which parameter that best corresponds to performance during cross-country skiing, seven male and nine female cross-country skiers were tested with treadmill tests. Parameters measured or computed by metabolic gas measurements were the anaerobic threshold (AT), threshold of decompensated metabolic acidosis (TDMA), the exercise intensity where the Respiratory exchange ratio reaches 1.0 (R = 1) and peak oxygen (O sub(2)) uptake (VO sub(2peak)). Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA, 4 mmol times l super(-1) blood lactate) was also measured. The various parameters were measured in percentage of maximal heart rate, percentage of peak O sub(2) uptake, VO sub(2) ml times kg super(-1) times min super(-1), VO sub(2) ml times min super(-1) times kg super(-2/3) and VO sub(2) l times min super(-1). Results from four large competitions were also collected to rank the subjects. With correlation analysis, it was revealed that in male subjects a high OBLA was associated with good ranking results (r = (-0.829) - (-0.964); P < 0.05-0.001). In female subjects, the best association with competition results was found for R = 1 (r = (-0.715) - (-0.810); P < 0.05). Concerning VO sub(2) measurements, for male subjects the unit l times min super(-1) is suggested to be used and for female subjects either the units l times min super(-1), ml times min super(-1) times kg super(-2/3), or ml times kg super(-1) times min super(-1) could be used when predicting performance in cross-country skiing. In conclusion, treadmill tests can be used for the prediction of performance in cross-country skiing. Further, various parameters from treadmill tests in men and women are best used as predictors of performance in cross-country skiing. In order to study which parameter that best corresponds to performance during cross‐country skiing, seven male and nine female cross‐country skiers were tested with treadmill tests. Parameters measured or computed by metabolic gas measurements were the anaerobic threshold (AT), threshold of decompensated metabolic acidosis (TDMA), the exercise intensity where the Respiratory exchange ratio reaches 1.0 (R = 1) and peak oxygen (O2) uptake (VO2peak). Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA, 4 mmol·l−1 blood lactate) was also measured. The various parameters were measured in percentage of maximal heart rate, percentage of peak O2 uptake, VO2 ml·kg−1·min−1, VO2 ml·min−1·kg−2/3 and VO2 l·min−1. Results from four large competitions were also collected to rank the subjects. With correlation analysis, it was revealed that in male subjects a high OBLA was associated with good ranking results (r = (−0.829) − (−0.964); P < 0.05–0.001). In female subjects, the best association with competition results was found for R = 1 (r = (−0.715) − (−0.810); P < 0.05). Concerning VO2 measurements, for male subjects the unit l·min−1 is suggested to be used and for female subjects either the units l·min−1, ml·min−1·kg−2/3, or ml·kg−1·min−1 could be used when predicting performance in cross‐country skiing. In conclusion, treadmill tests can be used for the prediction of performance in cross‐country skiing. Further, various parameters from treadmill tests in men and women are best used as predictors of performance in cross‐country skiing. In order to study which parameter that best corresponds to performance during cross-country skiing, seven male and nine female cross-country skiers were tested with treadmill tests. Parameters measured or computed by metabolic gas measurements were the anaerobic threshold (AT), threshold of decompensated metabolic acidosis (TDMA), the exercise intensity where the Respiratory exchange ratio reaches 1.0 (R = 1) and peak oxygen (O2) uptake (VO2peak). Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA, 4 mmol.l-1 blood lactate) was also measured. The various parameters were measured in percentage of maximal heart rate, percentage of peak O2 uptake, VO2 ml.kg-1.min-1, VO2 ml.min-1.kg-2/3 and VO2 l.min-1. Results from four large competitions were also collected to rank the subjects. With correlation analysis, it was revealed that in male subjects a high OBLA was associated with good ranking results (r = (-0.829) - (-0.964); P < 0.05-0.001). In female subjects, the best association with competition results was found for R = 1 (r = (-0.715) - (-0.810); P < 0.05). Concerning VO2 measurements, for male subjects the unit l.min-1 is suggested to be used and for female subjects either the units l.min-1, ml.min-1.kg-2/3, or ml.kg-1.min-1 could be used when predicting performance in cross-country skiing. In conclusion, treadmill tests can be used for the prediction of performance in cross-country skiing. Further, various parameters from treadmill tests in men and women are best used as predictors of performance in cross-country skiing. In order to study which parameter that best corresponds to performance during cross‐country skiing, seven male and nine female cross‐country skiers were tested with treadmill tests. Parameters measured or computed by metabolic gas measurements were the anaerobic threshold (AT), threshold of decompensated metabolic acidosis (TDMA), the exercise intensity where the Respiratory exchange ratio reaches 1.0 ( R = 1) and peak oxygen (O 2 ) uptake (VO 2peak ). Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA, 4 mmol·l −1 blood lactate) was also measured. The various parameters were measured in percentage of maximal heart rate, percentage of peak O 2 uptake, VO 2 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 , VO 2 ml·min −1 ·kg −2/3 and VO 2 l·min −1 . Results from four large competitions were also collected to rank the subjects. With correlation analysis, it was revealed that in male subjects a high OBLA was associated with good ranking results ( r = (−0.829) − (−0.964); P < 0.05–0.001). In female subjects, the best association with competition results was found for R = 1 ( r = (−0.715) − (−0.810); P < 0.05). Concerning VO 2 measurements, for male subjects the unit l·min −1 is suggested to be used and for female subjects either the units l·min −1 , ml·min −1 ·kg −2/3 , or ml·kg −1 ·min −1 could be used when predicting performance in cross‐country skiing. In conclusion, treadmill tests can be used for the prediction of performance in cross‐country skiing. Further, various parameters from treadmill tests in men and women are best used as predictors of performance in cross‐country skiing . |
| Author | Jakobsson, E. Burlin, L. Larsson, P. Henriksson-Larsén, K. Olofsson, P. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: P. surname: Larsson fullname: Larsson, P. organization: Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Sports Medicine – sequence: 2 givenname: P. surname: Olofsson fullname: Olofsson, P. organization: Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Sports Medicine – sequence: 3 givenname: E. surname: Jakobsson fullname: Jakobsson, E. organization: Department of Clinical Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: L. surname: Burlin fullname: Burlin, L. organization: Department of Clinical Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden – sequence: 5 givenname: K. surname: Henriksson-Larsén fullname: Henriksson-Larsén, K. organization: Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Sports Medicine |
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| Keywords | Human Treadmill exercise Physical exercise Biochemical analysis Healthy subject Physical performance Crosscountry skiing Sex Oxygen consumption Exploration Athlete Blood Sports medicine Lactates Lung function Adult Physiology Predictive factor Metabolic acidosis |
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(e_1_2_6_4_1) 1990; 11 e_1_2_6_10_1 Kenney WL (e_1_2_6_14_1) 1985; 19 Niinimaa V (e_1_2_6_18_1) 1978; 10 Wisløff U (e_1_2_6_31_1) 1998 Wisløff U (e_1_2_6_30_1) 1998 Millerhagen JO (e_1_2_6_15_1) 1983; 8 e_1_2_6_13_1 Haug RC (e_1_2_6_12_1) 1999; 31 e_1_2_6_11_1 e_1_2_6_17_1 e_1_2_6_16_1 Rundell KW (e_1_2_6_22_1) 1995; 27 Von Keul JML (e_1_2_6_28_1) 1980; 5 Shephard RJ (e_1_2_6_24_1) 1988; 64 e_1_2_6_21_1 Rundell KW. (e_1_2_6_23_1) 1995; 27 Ready AE (e_1_2_6_20_1) 1990; 15 e_1_2_6_9_1 e_1_2_6_5_1 e_1_2_6_7_1 e_1_2_6_6_1 e_1_2_6_25_1 e_1_2_6_3_1 e_1_2_6_2_1 e_1_2_6_29_1 Dawson‐Saunders B (e_1_2_6_8_1) 1994 Parton JF (e_1_2_6_19_1) 1990; 60 e_1_2_6_27_1 e_1_2_6_26_1 |
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S Biathletes publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc – volume: 38 start-page: 36 year: 1979 end-page: 42 article-title: Determination of anaerobic threshold by the ventilation equivalent in normal individuals publication-title: Respiration – volume: 26 start-page: 1 year: 2001 end-page: 11 article-title: Field testing of VO peak in cross‐country skiers with portable breath‐by‐breath system publication-title: Can J Appl Physiol – start-page: 963 issue: 30 year: 1998b end-page: 970 article-title: Methods for evaluating peak oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold in upper body of cross‐country skiers publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc – volume: 5 start-page: 148 year: 1980 end-page: 154 article-title: Vergleiche von herzvolume n, nomographisch ermittelter sauerstoffaufnahme und wettkampfleistung bei ausdauersportarten publication-title: Deutsche Z Sportmedicin – volume: 19 start-page: 324 year: 1987 end-page: 331 article-title: The influence of body mass in cross‐country skiing publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc – volume: 2 start-page: 23 year: 1981 end-page: 26 article-title: Onset of blood lactate accumulation and marathon running performance publication-title: Int J Sports Med – volume-title: Basic and Clinical Biostatistics year: 1994 ident: e_1_2_6_8_1 – ident: e_1_2_6_27_1 doi: 10.1152/jappl.1990.68.1.302 – ident: e_1_2_6_9_1 doi: 10.1139/h01-001 – volume: 64 start-page: 1472 year: 1988 ident: e_1_2_6_24_1 article-title: Muscle mass as a factor limiting physical work publication-title: J Appl Physiol doi: 10.1152/jappl.1988.64.4.1472 – volume: 19 start-page: 207 year: 1985 ident: e_1_2_6_14_1 article-title: Variables predictive of performance in elite middle‐distance runners publication-title: Br J Sports Med doi: 10.1136/bjsm.19.4.207 – volume: 10 start-page: 91 year: 1978 ident: e_1_2_6_18_1 article-title: Performance and efficiency of intercollegiate cross‐country skiers publication-title: Med Sci Sports – volume: 15 start-page: 213 year: 1990 ident: e_1_2_6_20_1 article-title: Physiologic response of nordic ski racers to three modes of sport specific exercise publication-title: Can J Sport Sci – ident: e_1_2_6_29_1 – volume: 31 start-page: 619 year: 1999 ident: e_1_2_6_12_1 article-title: Development of a maximal testing protocol for the NordicTrack cross‐country ski simulator publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc doi: 10.1097/00005768-199904000-00021 – volume: 27 start-page: 1302 year: 1995 ident: e_1_2_6_22_1 article-title: Physiological characteristics and performance of top U. S Biathletes publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc doi: 10.1249/00005768-199509000-00010 – ident: e_1_2_6_7_1 doi: 10.2340/1650197719702239298 – volume: 8 start-page: 92 year: 1983 ident: e_1_2_6_15_1 article-title: A study of combined arm and leg exercise with application to nordic skiing publication-title: Can J Appl Sport Sci – ident: e_1_2_6_5_1 doi: 10.1249/00005768-198708000-00002 – ident: e_1_2_6_10_1 doi: 10.2165/00007256-198908020-00001 – ident: e_1_2_6_17_1 doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1025007 – volume: 11 start-page: 223 year: 1990 ident: e_1_2_6_4_1 article-title: Treadmill ergometry and heart‐volumes in elite biathletes: a longitudinal study publication-title: Int J Sports Med doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024796 – volume: 27 start-page: 1677 year: 1995 ident: e_1_2_6_23_1 article-title: Treadmill roller ski test predicts biathlon roller ski race results of elite US biathlon women publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc doi: 10.1249/00005768-199512000-00015 – volume: 60 start-page: 222 year: 1990 ident: e_1_2_6_19_1 article-title: Factors in maximal power production and in exercise endurance relative to maximal power publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol doi: 10.1007/BF00839163 – start-page: 1314 issue: 30 year: 1998 ident: e_1_2_6_30_1 article-title: Evaluation of a new upper‐body ergometer for cross‐country skiers publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc doi: 10.1097/00005768-199808000-00021 – volume: 5 start-page: 148 year: 1980 ident: e_1_2_6_28_1 article-title: Vergleiche von herzvolume n, nomographisch ermittelter sauerstoffaufnahme und wettkampfleistung bei ausdauersportarten publication-title: Deutsche Z Sportmedicin – ident: e_1_2_6_6_1 doi: 10.1249/00005768-199511000-00013 – ident: e_1_2_6_13_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1991.tb00267.x – ident: e_1_2_6_21_1 doi: 10.1159/000194056 – ident: e_1_2_6_26_1 doi: 10.1519/1533-4287(2000)014<0282:CCSRPP>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_6_2_1 doi: 10.1152/jappl.1961.16.6.977 – ident: e_1_2_6_3_1 doi: 10.1097/00005768-200001000-00012 – ident: e_1_2_6_25_1 doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1034579 – ident: e_1_2_6_16_1 doi: 10.1080/02640419108729887 – ident: e_1_2_6_11_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1988.tb08501.x – start-page: 963 issue: 30 year: 1998 ident: e_1_2_6_31_1 article-title: Methods for evaluating peak oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold in upper body of cross‐country skiers publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc doi: 10.1249/00005768-199806000-00029 |
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| Snippet | In order to study which parameter that best corresponds to performance during cross‐country skiing, seven male and nine female cross‐country skiers were tested... In order to study which parameter that best corresponds to performance during cross-country skiing, seven male and nine female cross-country skiers were tested... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acidosis - physiopathology Adolescent anaerobic threshold Anaerobic Threshold - physiology Biological and medical sciences Body composition Cardiac Output - physiology cross-country skiing Energy Metabolism exercise test Exercise Test - methods Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology gender Heart Rate - physiology Humans Lactic Acid - blood Male MEDICIN MEDICINE muscle strength OBLA Oxygen Consumption - physiology Physical Endurance - physiology physiological testing physiological testing; ranking Predictive Value of Tests Pulmonary Gas Exchange - physiology ranking Sex Factors Skiing - physiology Statistics as Topic - methods Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports |
| Title | Physiological predictors of performance in cross-country skiing from treadmill tests in male and female subjects |
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