N6-methylated adenine on the target sites of mamA from Mycobacterium bovis BCG enhances macrophage activation by CpG DNA in mice

• Published in: Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) Vol. 121; p. 101890
• Main Authors: Tsukamoto, Yumiko, Tamura, Toshiki, Maeda, Yumi, Miyake, Kensuke, Ato, Manabu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Scotland Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2020; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Adenine; Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine; BCG; Bone marrow; Cell activation; CpG islands; Cytosine; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA methylation; Gene sequencing; Genomics; Immune response; Immune system; Immunostimulation; Interleukin 12; Interleukins; Macrophages; Mycobacterium bovis; Nucleotide sequence; Oligonucleotides; Proteins; Toll-like receptors; PS; 6 mA; M-CSF; BCG; BM; hygr; Dam; PD; MTases; TLR9; BMDMs; MTB; 5 mC; ODNs; gDNA

CpG motifs in DNA sequences are recognized by Toll-like receptor 9 and activate immune cells. Bacterial genomic DNA (gDNA) has modified cytosine bases (5-methylcytosine [5 mC]) and modified adenine bases (6-methyladenine [6 mA]). 5 mC inhibits immune activation by CpG DNA; however, it is unclear whe...