Maternal iron intake and iron status during pregnancy and child blood pressure at age 3 years
Background Animal data suggest that maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy leads to lower birth weight and sustained blood pressure elevation in the offspring. In humans, iron deficiency during pregnancy is common and is associated with adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight. Data are la...
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Published in | International journal of epidemiology Vol. 37; no. 2; pp. 301 - 308 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Oxford
Oxford University Press
01.04.2008
Oxford Publishing Limited (England) |
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Abstract | Background Animal data suggest that maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy leads to lower birth weight and sustained blood pressure elevation in the offspring. In humans, iron deficiency during pregnancy is common and is associated with adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight. Data are lacking, however, regarding the effects of maternal iron intake and iron status during pregnancy on offspring blood pressure. Our aim was to examine the extent to which lower maternal iron intake, haemoglobin level and mean cell volume (MCV) during pregnancy are associated with higher child systolic blood pressure (SBP) at age 3 years. Methods We studied 1167 participants in Project Viva, a longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women and their children. We estimated first and second trimester maternal iron intake from food frequency questionnaires. We used an electronic laboratory database to identify haemoglobin and MCV levels in pregnancy. We measured child BP up to five times with a Dinamap and used mixed-effects regression models in our analysis. Results Mean (SD) child SBP at 3 years was 92.0 (9.9) mmHg. Adjusting for confounders, for each 10 mg increase in first trimester iron intake, child SBP was not lower, but was in fact 0.4 mmHg higher (95% CI 0.1, 0.7). For second trimester iron intake, and for first or second trimester haemoglobin and MCV levels, we did not find any appreciable association with 3 year SBP. Conclusions In contrast to animal studies, we did not find that lower maternal iron status during pregnancy was associated with higher offspring BP. |
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AbstractList | Background Animal data suggest that maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy leads to lower birth weight and sustained blood pressure elevation in the offspring. In humans, iron deficiency during pregnancy is common and is associated with adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight. Data are lacking, however, regarding the effects of maternal iron intake and iron status during pregnancy on offspring blood pressure. Our aim was to examine the extent to which lower maternal iron intake, haemoglobin level and mean cell volume (MCV) during pregnancy are associated with higher child systolic blood pressure (SBP) at age 3 years. Methods We studied 1167 participants in Project Viva, a longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women and their children. We estimated first and second trimester maternal iron intake from food frequency questionnaires. We used an electronic laboratory database to identify haemoglobin and MCV levels in pregnancy. We measured child BP up to five times with a Dinamap and used mixed-effects regression models in our analysis. Results Mean (SD) child SBP at 3 years was 92.0 (9.9) mmHg. Adjusting for confounders, for each 10 mg increase in first trimester iron intake, child SBP was not lower, but was in fact 0.4 mmHg higher (95% CI 0.1, 0.7). For second trimester iron intake, and for first or second trimester haemoglobin and MCV levels, we did not find any appreciable association with 3 year SBP. Conclusions In contrast to animal studies, we did not find that lower maternal iron status during pregnancy was associated with higher offspring BP. Animal data suggest that maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy leads to lower birth weight and sustained blood pressure elevation in the offspring. In humans, iron deficiency during pregnancy is common and is associated with adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight. Data are lacking, however, regarding the effects of maternal iron intake and iron status during pregnancy on offspring blood pressure. Our aim was to examine the extent to which lower maternal iron intake, haemoglobin level and mean cell volume (MCV) during pregnancy are associated with higher child systolic blood pressure (SBP) at age 3 years. We studied 1167 participants in Project Viva, a longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women and their children. We estimated first and second trimester maternal iron intake from food frequency questionnaires. We used an electronic laboratory database to identify haemoglobin and MCV levels in pregnancy. We measured child BP up to five times with a Dinamap and used mixed-effects regression models in our analysis. Mean (SD) child SBP at 3 years was 92.0 (9.9) mmHg. Adjusting for confounders, for each 10 mg increase in first trimester iron intake, child SBP was not lower, but was in fact 0.4 mmHg higher (95% CI 0.1, 0.7). For second trimester iron intake, and for first or second trimester haemoglobin and MCV levels, we did not find any appreciable association with 3 year SBP. In contrast to animal studies, we did not find that lower maternal iron status during pregnancy was associated with higher offspring BP. Background Animal data suggest that maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy leads to lower birth weight and sustained blood pressure elevation in the offspring. In humans, iron deficiency during pregnancy is common and is associated with adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight. Data are lacking, however, regarding the effects of maternal iron intake and iron status during pregnancy on offspring blood pressure. Our aim was to examine the extent to which lower maternal iron intake, haemoglobin level and mean cell volume (MCV) during pregnancy are associated with higher child systolic blood pressure (SBP) at age 3 years. Methods We studied 1167 participants in Project Viva, a longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women and their children. We estimated first and second trimester maternal iron intake from food frequency questionnaires. We used an electronic laboratory database to identify haemoglobin and MCV levels in pregnancy. We measured child BP up to five times with a Dinamap and used mixed-effects regression models in our analysis. Results Mean (SD) child SBP at 3 years was 92.0 (9.9) mmHg. Adjusting for confounders, for each 10 mg increase in first trimester iron intake, child SBP was not lower, but was in fact 0.4 mmHg higher (95% CI 0.1, 0.7). For second trimester iron intake, and for first or second trimester haemoglobin and MCV levels, we did not find any appreciable association with 3 year SBP. Conclusions In contrast to animal studies, we did not find that lower maternal iron status during pregnancy was associated with higher offspring BP. BACKGROUNDAnimal data suggest that maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy leads to lower birth weight and sustained blood pressure elevation in the offspring. In humans, iron deficiency during pregnancy is common and is associated with adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight. Data are lacking, however, regarding the effects of maternal iron intake and iron status during pregnancy on offspring blood pressure. Our aim was to examine the extent to which lower maternal iron intake, haemoglobin level and mean cell volume (MCV) during pregnancy are associated with higher child systolic blood pressure (SBP) at age 3 years.METHODSWe studied 1167 participants in Project Viva, a longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women and their children. We estimated first and second trimester maternal iron intake from food frequency questionnaires. We used an electronic laboratory database to identify haemoglobin and MCV levels in pregnancy. We measured child BP up to five times with a Dinamap and used mixed-effects regression models in our analysis.RESULTSMean (SD) child SBP at 3 years was 92.0 (9.9) mmHg. Adjusting for confounders, for each 10 mg increase in first trimester iron intake, child SBP was not lower, but was in fact 0.4 mmHg higher (95% CI 0.1, 0.7). For second trimester iron intake, and for first or second trimester haemoglobin and MCV levels, we did not find any appreciable association with 3 year SBP.CONCLUSIONSIn contrast to animal studies, we did not find that lower maternal iron status during pregnancy was associated with higher offspring BP. |
Author | Kleinman, Ken P Gillman, Matthew W Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L Rich-Edwards, Janet W Belfort, Mandy B Oken, Emily |
AuthorAffiliation | 3 Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 2 Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA 4 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 1 Division of Newborn Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 5 Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA – name: 2 Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA – name: 3 Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA – name: 1 Division of Newborn Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA – name: 5 Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mandy B surname: Belfort fullname: Belfort, Mandy B email: mandy.belfort@childrens.harvard.edu, *Corresponding author. Division of Newborn Medicine, Hunnewell 437, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115. mandy.belfort@childrens.harvard.edu organization: Division of Newborn Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA – sequence: 2 givenname: Sheryl L surname: Rifas-Shiman fullname: Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L organization: Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA – sequence: 3 givenname: Janet W surname: Rich-Edwards fullname: Rich-Edwards, Janet W organization: Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA – sequence: 4 givenname: Ken P surname: Kleinman fullname: Kleinman, Ken P organization: Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA – sequence: 5 givenname: Emily surname: Oken fullname: Oken, Emily organization: Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA – sequence: 6 givenname: Matthew W surname: Gillman fullname: Gillman, Matthew W organization: Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA |
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Keywords | foetal programming iron Blood pressure maternal nutrition hypertension Human Hypertension Disease Nutrition Theory Cardiovascular disease Iron Inorganic element Fetal programming Feeding Pregnancy Chronic Mother Female Fetus Arterial pressure Hemodynamics Woman Child Age Public health |
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Snippet | Background Animal data suggest that maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy leads to lower birth weight and sustained blood pressure elevation in the... Animal data suggest that maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy leads to lower birth weight and sustained blood pressure elevation in the offspring. In... BACKGROUNDAnimal data suggest that maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy leads to lower birth weight and sustained blood pressure elevation in the... |
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SubjectTerms | Adult Biological and medical sciences Blood pressure Blood Pressure - physiology Body Weight Child, Preschool Erythrocyte Indices Female foetal programming General aspects Hemoglobins - analysis Humans hypertension iron Iron - blood Iron Deficiencies Iron, Dietary - administration & dosage Longitudinal Studies maternal nutrition Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Medical sciences Miscellaneous Multivariate Analysis Nutritional Status Pregnancy Pregnancy Trimester, Second Pregnancy Trimester, Third Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Systole |
Title | Maternal iron intake and iron status during pregnancy and child blood pressure at age 3 years |
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