real-time PCR assay to identify and discriminate among wild-type and vaccine strains of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in clinical specimens, and comparison with the clinical diagnoses

A real-time PCR assay was developed to identify varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in clinical specimens from subjects with suspected herpes zoster (HZ; shingles). Three sets of primers and probes were used in separate PCR reactions to detect and discriminate among wild-...

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Published inJournal of medical virology Vol. 81; no. 7; pp. 1310 - 1322
Main Authors Harbecke, Ruth, Oxman, Michael N, Arnold, Beth A, Ip, Charlotte, Johnson, Gary R, Levin, Myron J, Gelb, Lawrence D, Schmader, Kenneth E, Straus, Stephen E, Wang, Hui, Wright, Peter F, Pachucki, Constance T, Gershon, Anne A, Arbeit, Robert D, Davis, Larry E, Simberkoff, Michael S, Weinberg, Adriana, Williams, Heather M, Cheney, Carol, Petrukhin, Luba, Abraham, Katalin G, Shaw, Alan, Manoff, Susan, Antonello, Joseph M, Green, Tina, Wang, Yue, Tan, Charles, Keller, Paul M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 01.07.2009
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Abstract A real-time PCR assay was developed to identify varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in clinical specimens from subjects with suspected herpes zoster (HZ; shingles). Three sets of primers and probes were used in separate PCR reactions to detect and discriminate among wild-type VZV (VZV-WT), Oka vaccine strain VZV (VZV-Oka), and HSV DNA, and the reaction for each virus DNA was multiplexed with primers and probe specific for the human β-globin gene to assess specimen adequacy. Discrimination of all VZV-WT strains, including Japanese isolates and the Oka parent strain, from VZV-Oka was based upon a single nucleotide polymorphism at position 106262 in ORF 62, resulting in preferential amplification by the homologous primer pair. The assay was highly sensitive and specific for the target virus DNA, and no cross-reactions were detected with any other infectious agent. With the PCR assay as the gold standard, the sensitivity of virus culture was 53% for VZV and 77% for HSV. There was 92% agreement between the clinical diagnosis of HZ by the Clinical Evaluation Committee and the PCR assay results. J. Med. Virol. 81:1310-1322, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
AbstractList A real-time PCR assay was developed to identify varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in clinical specimens from subjects with suspected herpes zoster (HZ; shingles). Three sets of primers and probes were used in separate PCR reactions to detect and discriminate among wild-type VZV (VZV-WT), Oka vaccine strain VZV (VZV-Oka), and HSV DNA, and the reaction for each virus DNA was multiplexed with primers and probe specific for the human β-globin gene to assess specimen adequacy. Discrimination of all VZV-WT strains, including Japanese isolates and the Oka parent strain, from VZV-Oka was based upon a single nucleotide polymorphism at position 106262 in ORF 62, resulting in preferential amplification by the homologous primer pair. The assay was highly sensitive and specific for the target virus DNA, and no cross-reactions were detected with any other infectious agent. With the PCR assay as the gold standard, the sensitivity of virus culture was 53% for VZV and 77% for HSV. There was 92% agreement between the clinical diagnosis of HZ by the Clinical Evaluation Committee and the PCR assay results.
A real-time PCR assay was developed to identify varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in clinical specimens from subjects with suspected herpes zoster (HZ; shingles). Three sets of primers and probes were used in separate PCR reactions to detect and discriminate among wild-type VZV (VZV-WT), Oka vaccine strain VZV (VZV-Oka), and HSV DNA, and the reaction for each virus DNA was multiplexed with primers and probe specific for the human β-globin gene to assess specimen adequacy. Discrimination of all VZV-WT strains, including Japanese isolates and the Oka parent strain, from VZV-Oka was based upon a single nucleotide polymorphism at position 106262 in ORF 62, resulting in preferential amplification by the homologous primer pair. The assay was highly sensitive and specific for the target virus DNA, and no cross-reactions were detected with any other infectious agent. With the PCR assay as the gold standard, the sensitivity of virus culture was 53% for VZV and 77% for HSV. There was 92% agreement between the clinical diagnosis of HZ by the Clinical Evaluation Committee and the PCR assay results. J. Med. Virol. 81:1310-1322, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A real-time PCR assay was developed to identify varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in clinical specimens from subjects with suspected herpes zoster (HZ; shingles). Three sets of primers and probes were used in separate PCR reactions to detect and discriminate among wild-type VZV (VZV-WT), Oka vaccine strain VZV (VZV-Oka), and HSV DNA, and the reaction for each virus DNA was multiplexed with primers and probe specific for the human beta-globin gene to assess specimen adequacy. Discrimination of all VZV-WT strains, including Japanese isolates and the Oka parent strain, from VZV-Oka was based upon a single nucleotide polymorphism at position 106262 in ORF 62, resulting in preferential amplification by the homologous primer pair. The assay was highly sensitive and specific for the target virus DNA, and no cross-reactions were detected with any other infectious agent. With the PCR assay as the gold standard, the sensitivity of virus culture was 53% for VZV and 77% for HSV. There was 92% agreement between the clinical diagnosis of HZ by the Clinical Evaluation Committee and the PCR assay results.A real-time PCR assay was developed to identify varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in clinical specimens from subjects with suspected herpes zoster (HZ; shingles). Three sets of primers and probes were used in separate PCR reactions to detect and discriminate among wild-type VZV (VZV-WT), Oka vaccine strain VZV (VZV-Oka), and HSV DNA, and the reaction for each virus DNA was multiplexed with primers and probe specific for the human beta-globin gene to assess specimen adequacy. Discrimination of all VZV-WT strains, including Japanese isolates and the Oka parent strain, from VZV-Oka was based upon a single nucleotide polymorphism at position 106262 in ORF 62, resulting in preferential amplification by the homologous primer pair. The assay was highly sensitive and specific for the target virus DNA, and no cross-reactions were detected with any other infectious agent. With the PCR assay as the gold standard, the sensitivity of virus culture was 53% for VZV and 77% for HSV. There was 92% agreement between the clinical diagnosis of HZ by the Clinical Evaluation Committee and the PCR assay results.
A real-time PCR assay was developed to identify varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in clinical specimens from subjects with suspected herpes zoster (HZ; shingles). Three sets of primers and probes were used in separate PCR reactions to detect and discriminate among wild-type VZV (VZV-WT), Oka vaccine strain VZV (VZV-Oka), and HSV DNA, and the reaction for each virus DNA was multiplexed with primers and probe specific for the human beta-globin gene to assess specimen adequacy. Discrimination of all VZV-WT strains, including Japanese isolates and the Oka parent strain, from VZV-Oka was based upon a single nucleotide polymorphism at position 106262 in ORF 62, resulting in preferential amplification by the homologous primer pair. The assay was highly sensitive and specific for the target virus DNA, and no cross-reactions were detected with any other infectious agent. With the PCR assay as the gold standard, the sensitivity of virus culture was 53% for VZV and 77% for HSV. There was 92% agreement between the clinical diagnosis of HZ by the Clinical Evaluation Committee and the PCR assay results.
Author Johnson, Gary R.
Arbeit, Robert D.
Simberkoff, Michael S.
Cheney, Carol
Oxman, Michael N.
Keller, Paul M.
Levin, Myron J.
Arnold, Beth A.
Ip, Charlotte
Pachucki, Constance T.
Gelb, Lawrence D.
Manoff, Susan
Weinberg, Adriana
Gershon, Anne A.
Harbecke, Ruth
Williams, Heather M.
Tan, Charles
Wang, Hui
Davis, Larry E.
Schmader, Kenneth E.
Abraham, Katalin G.
Wright, Peter F.
Wang, Yue
Petrukhin, Luba
Straus, Stephen E.
Green, Tina
Shaw, Alan
Antonello, Joseph M.
AuthorAffiliation 17 Department of Vaccine Biometrics Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania
8 Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
2 Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
12 Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
14 VA New York Harbor Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
11 Columbia University, New York, New York
4 VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
1 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
5 Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
7 Department of Medicine, GRECC, Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Cente
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Boardman, Kathy D
Yeh, S S
Keitel, W A
Oxman, Michael N
Hayward, Anthony R
Arbeit, Robert D
Loutit, J
Levin, M J
Davis, L E
Goodman, R P
Gelb, L D
Gelb, Lawrence D
Pachucki, C T
Guatelli, J
Brooks, P A
Beisel, Christopher E
Silber, Jeffrey L
Cotton, D J
Davis, Larry E
Peduzzi, Peter N
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Levin, Myron J
Crawford, G E
Arbeit, R D
Schmader, Kenneth E
Simberkoff, Michael S
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Gershon, Anne A
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Serrao, R
Soto, N E
Straus, Stephen E
Toney, J F
Gnann, J W
Simberkoff, M S
Lobo, Z
Wright, P F
Chan, Christina Y
Colling, Cindy L
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Copyright This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. Published © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2009 INIST-CNRS
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S
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– fundername: James R. and Jesse V. Scott Fund for Shingles Research (to Dr. Oxman)
– fundername: Intramural NIH HHS
  grantid: Z01 AI000856
– fundername: NIAID NIH HHS
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IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 7
Keywords Skin disease
Alphaherpesvirinae
Identification
Prevention
Shingles Prevention Study
zoster vaccine
Clinical trial
Herpesvirus hominis
Diagnosis
Clinical isolate
VZV ORF 62
Human
Varicella zoster virus
diagnosis of herpes zoster
Nervous system diseases
Herpes zoster
Vaccine strain
Herpesviridae
Vaccine
Method
Real time
Open reading frame
Infection
Virus
Polymerase chain reaction
Viral disease
Comparative study
Language English
License http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
CC BY 4.0
Published 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Notes http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.21506
ArticleID:JMV21506
James R. and Jesse V. Scott Fund for Shingles Research (to Dr. Oxman)
ark:/67375/WNG-K45GJ6R4-R
Merck (to the Cooperative Studies Program)
This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Cooperative Studies Program, Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development
istex:9F7A603E3B532D03294830F8313C6FF607943C9D
Study Investigators include
Deceased.
L.E. Davis (Albuquerque, NM); C.A. Kauffman (Ann Arbor, MI); S.K. Keay (Baltimore, MD); A.R. Marques, N.E. Soto, and P. Brunell (Bethesda, MD), J.W. Gnann (Birmingham, AL); R. Serrao, D.J. Cotton, R.P. Goodman, and R.D. Arbeit (Boston, MA); C.T. Pachucki (Hines, IL); M.J. Levin (Denver, CO); K.E. Schmader (Durham, NC); W.A. Keitel (Houston, TX); R.N. Greenberg (Lexington, KY); V.A. Morrison (Minneapolis, MN); P.F. Wright and M.R. Griffin (Nashville, TN); M.S. Simberkoff (New York, NY); S.S. Yeh and Z. Lobo (Northport, NY); M. Holodniy and J. Loutit (Palo Alto, CA); R.F. Betts (Rochester, NY); L.D. Gelb (St. Louis, MO); G.E. Crawford (San Antonio, TX); J. Guatelli and P.A. Brooks (San Diego, CA); K.M. Neuzil (Seattle, WA); and J.F. Toney (Tampa, FL).
The Shingles Prevention Study was planned and/or administered by a Planning/Executive committee consisting of Michael N. Oxman (Chair), Robert D. Arbeit, Patricia Barry, Christopher E. Beisel, Kathy D. Boardman, Cindy L. Colling, Larry E. Davis, Lawrence D. Gelb, Anne A. Gershon, Anthony R. Hayward, Michael R. Irwin, Gary R. Johnson, Myron J. Levin, Peter N. Peduzzi, Kenneth E. Schmader, Michael S. Simberkoff, Stephen E. Straus (deceased), Adriana Weinberg, Heather M. Williams, Jeffrey L. Silber, Paula Annunziato, Christina Y. Chan, and Ivan S.F. Chan.
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  text: July 2009
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PublicationPlace Hoboken
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PublicationTitle Journal of medical virology
PublicationTitleAlternate J. Med. Virol
PublicationYear 2009
Publisher Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
Wiley
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References Niesters HGM. 2002. Clinical virology in real-time. J Clin Virol 25: S3-S12.
Tang YW, Allawi HT, DeLeon-Carnes M, Li H, Day SP, Schmid DS. 2007. Detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine mutant varicella-zoster viruses using an Invader Plus method. J Clin Virol 40: 129-134.
Adams SG, Dohner DE, Gelb LD. 1989. Restriction fragment differences between the genomes of the Oka varicella vaccine virus and American wild-type varicella-zoster virus. J Med Virol 29: 38-45.
LaRussa P, Steinberg S, Arvin A, Dwyer D, Burgess M, Menegus M, Rekrut K, Yamanishi K, Gershon A. 1998. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of varicella-zoster virus isolates from the United States and other parts of the world. J Infect Dis 178: S64-S66.
Quinlivan M, Gershon AA, Steinberg SP, Breuer J. 2005. An evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms used to differentiate vaccine and wild type strains of varicella-zoster virus. J Med Virol 75: 174-180.
Allawi HT, Li H, Sander T, Aslanukov A, Lyamichev VI, Blackman A, Elagin S, Tang YW. 2006. Invader plus method detects herpes simplex virus in cerebrospinal fluid and simultaneously differentiates types 1 and 2. J Clin Microbiol 44: 3443-3447.
Campsall PA, Au NHC, Prendiville JS, Speert DP, Tan R, Thomas EE. 2004. Detection and genotyping of varicella-zoster virus by TaqMan allelic discrimination real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 42: 1409-1413.
LaRussa P, Lungu O, Hardy I, Gershon A, Steinberg SP, Silverstein S. 1992. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction products from vaccine and wild-type varicella-zoster virus isolates. J Virol 66: 1016-1020.
Martin JH, Dohner DE, Wellinghoff WJ, Gelb LD. 1982. Restriction endonuclease analysis of varicella-zoster vaccine virus and wild-type DNAs. J Med Virol 9: 69-76.
Quinlivan ML, Gershon AA, Steinberg SP, Breuer J. 2004. Rashes occurring after immunization with a mixture of viruses in the Oka vaccine are derived from single clones of virus. J Infect Dis 190: 793-796.
Espy MJ, Uhl JR, Sloan LM, Buckwalter SP, Jones MF, Vetter EA, Yao JDC, Wengenack NL, Rosenblatt JE, Cockerill FR III, Smith TF. 2006. Real-time PCR in clinical microbiology: Applications for routine laboratory testing. Clin Microbiol Rev 19: 165-256.
Espy MJ, Ross TK, Teo R, Svien KA, Wold AD, Uhl JR, Smith TF. 2000. Evaluation of LightCycler PCR for implementation of laboratory diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infections. J Clin Microbiol 38: 3116-3118.
Sauerbrei A, Eichorn U, Schacke M, Wutzler P. 1999. Laboratory diagnosis of herpes zoster. J Clin Virol 14: 31-36.
Argaw T, Cohen JI, Klutch M, Lekstrom K, Yoshikawa T, Asano Y, Krause PR. 2000. Nucleotide sequences that distinguish Oka vaccine from parental Oka and other varicella-zoster virus isolates. J Infect Dis 181: 1153-1157.
Loparev VN, Argaw T, Krause PR, Takayama M, Schmid DS. 2000a. Improved identification and differentiation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) wild-type strains and an attenuated varicella vaccine strain using a VZV open reading frame 62-based PCR. J Clin Microbiol 38: 3156-3160.
Oxman MN, Levin MJ, Johnson GR, Schmader KE, Straus SE, Gelb LD, Arbeit RD, Simberkoff MS, Gershon AA, Davis LE, Weinberg A, Boardman KD, Williams HM, Zhang JH, Peduzzi PN, Beisel CE, Morrison VA, Guatelli JC, Brooks PA, Kauffman CA, Pachucki CT, Neuzil KM, Betts RF, Wright PF, Griffin MR, Brunell P, Soto NE, Marques AR, Keay SK, Goodman RP, Cotton DJ, Gnann JW, Loutit J, Holodniy M, Keitel WA, Crawford GE, Yeh SS, Lobo Z, Toney JF, Greenberg RN, Keller PM, Harbecke R, Hayward AR, Irwin MR, Kyriakides TC, Chan CY, Chan ISF, Wang WWB, Annunziato PW, Silber JL. 2005a. A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. N Engl J Med 352: 2271-2284.
Gomi Y, Imagawa T, Takahashi M, Yamanishi K. 2000. Oka varicella vaccine is distinguishable from its parental virus in DNA sequence of open reading frame 62 and its transactivation activity. J Med Virol 61: 497-503.
Breuer J, Schmid DS. 2008. Vaccine Oka variants and sequence variability in vaccine-related skin lesions. J Infect Dis 197: S54-S57.
Takayama M, Takayama N. 2004. New method of differentiating wild-type varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains from Oka varicella vaccine strain by VZV ORF 6-based PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Clin Virol 29: 113-119.
Takada M, Suzutani T, Yoshida I, Matoba M, Azuma M. 1995. Identification of varicella-zoster virus strains by PCR analysis of three repeat elements and a PstI-site-less region. J Clin Microbiol 33: 658-660.
Giehl KA, Müller-Sander E, Rottenkolber M, Degitz K, Volkenandt M, Berking C. 2008. Identification and characterization of 20 immunocompetent patients with simultaneous varicella zoster and herpes simplex virus infection. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 22: 722-728.
Tipples GA, Safronetz D, Gray M. 2003. A real-time PCR assay for the detection of varicella-zoster virus DNA and differentiation of vaccine, wild-type and control strains. J Virol Meth 113: 113-116.
Loparev VN, Rubtcova E, Seward JF, Levin MJ, Schmid DS. 2007. DNA sequence variability in isolates recovered from patients with postvaccination rash or herpes zoster caused by Oka varicella vaccine. J Infect Dis 195: 502-510.
Loparev VN, McCaustland K, Holloway BP, Krause PR, Takayama M, Schmid DS. 2000b. Rapid genotyping of varicella-zoster virus vaccine and wild-type strains with fluorophore-labeled hybridization probes. J Clin Microbiol 38: 4315-4319.
2004; 42
2004; 29
2005a; 352
1995; 33
2000a; 38
2006; 19
2003; 113
1998; 178
1989; 29
2002; 25
2000b; 38
2000; 38
2005b
2007; 195
2004; 190
2006; 44
1999; 14
2000; 61
1982; 9
2005; 75
2008; 22
2007; 40
1992; 66
2008; 197
2000; 181
Takada M (e_1_2_1_23_1) 1995; 33
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References_xml – reference: Breuer J, Schmid DS. 2008. Vaccine Oka variants and sequence variability in vaccine-related skin lesions. J Infect Dis 197: S54-S57.
– reference: Oxman MN, Levin MJ, Johnson GR, Schmader KE, Straus SE, Gelb LD, Arbeit RD, Simberkoff MS, Gershon AA, Davis LE, Weinberg A, Boardman KD, Williams HM, Zhang JH, Peduzzi PN, Beisel CE, Morrison VA, Guatelli JC, Brooks PA, Kauffman CA, Pachucki CT, Neuzil KM, Betts RF, Wright PF, Griffin MR, Brunell P, Soto NE, Marques AR, Keay SK, Goodman RP, Cotton DJ, Gnann JW, Loutit J, Holodniy M, Keitel WA, Crawford GE, Yeh SS, Lobo Z, Toney JF, Greenberg RN, Keller PM, Harbecke R, Hayward AR, Irwin MR, Kyriakides TC, Chan CY, Chan ISF, Wang WWB, Annunziato PW, Silber JL. 2005a. A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. N Engl J Med 352: 2271-2284.
– reference: Argaw T, Cohen JI, Klutch M, Lekstrom K, Yoshikawa T, Asano Y, Krause PR. 2000. Nucleotide sequences that distinguish Oka vaccine from parental Oka and other varicella-zoster virus isolates. J Infect Dis 181: 1153-1157.
– reference: Campsall PA, Au NHC, Prendiville JS, Speert DP, Tan R, Thomas EE. 2004. Detection and genotyping of varicella-zoster virus by TaqMan allelic discrimination real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 42: 1409-1413.
– reference: Loparev VN, Rubtcova E, Seward JF, Levin MJ, Schmid DS. 2007. DNA sequence variability in isolates recovered from patients with postvaccination rash or herpes zoster caused by Oka varicella vaccine. J Infect Dis 195: 502-510.
– reference: Quinlivan ML, Gershon AA, Steinberg SP, Breuer J. 2004. Rashes occurring after immunization with a mixture of viruses in the Oka vaccine are derived from single clones of virus. J Infect Dis 190: 793-796.
– reference: Espy MJ, Ross TK, Teo R, Svien KA, Wold AD, Uhl JR, Smith TF. 2000. Evaluation of LightCycler PCR for implementation of laboratory diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infections. J Clin Microbiol 38: 3116-3118.
– reference: Takayama M, Takayama N. 2004. New method of differentiating wild-type varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains from Oka varicella vaccine strain by VZV ORF 6-based PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Clin Virol 29: 113-119.
– reference: Allawi HT, Li H, Sander T, Aslanukov A, Lyamichev VI, Blackman A, Elagin S, Tang YW. 2006. Invader plus method detects herpes simplex virus in cerebrospinal fluid and simultaneously differentiates types 1 and 2. J Clin Microbiol 44: 3443-3447.
– reference: Niesters HGM. 2002. Clinical virology in real-time. J Clin Virol 25: S3-S12.
– reference: Takada M, Suzutani T, Yoshida I, Matoba M, Azuma M. 1995. Identification of varicella-zoster virus strains by PCR analysis of three repeat elements and a PstI-site-less region. J Clin Microbiol 33: 658-660.
– reference: Loparev VN, McCaustland K, Holloway BP, Krause PR, Takayama M, Schmid DS. 2000b. Rapid genotyping of varicella-zoster virus vaccine and wild-type strains with fluorophore-labeled hybridization probes. J Clin Microbiol 38: 4315-4319.
– reference: Sauerbrei A, Eichorn U, Schacke M, Wutzler P. 1999. Laboratory diagnosis of herpes zoster. J Clin Virol 14: 31-36.
– reference: Gomi Y, Imagawa T, Takahashi M, Yamanishi K. 2000. Oka varicella vaccine is distinguishable from its parental virus in DNA sequence of open reading frame 62 and its transactivation activity. J Med Virol 61: 497-503.
– reference: LaRussa P, Steinberg S, Arvin A, Dwyer D, Burgess M, Menegus M, Rekrut K, Yamanishi K, Gershon A. 1998. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of varicella-zoster virus isolates from the United States and other parts of the world. J Infect Dis 178: S64-S66.
– reference: Espy MJ, Uhl JR, Sloan LM, Buckwalter SP, Jones MF, Vetter EA, Yao JDC, Wengenack NL, Rosenblatt JE, Cockerill FR III, Smith TF. 2006. Real-time PCR in clinical microbiology: Applications for routine laboratory testing. Clin Microbiol Rev 19: 165-256.
– reference: Loparev VN, Argaw T, Krause PR, Takayama M, Schmid DS. 2000a. Improved identification and differentiation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) wild-type strains and an attenuated varicella vaccine strain using a VZV open reading frame 62-based PCR. J Clin Microbiol 38: 3156-3160.
– reference: Adams SG, Dohner DE, Gelb LD. 1989. Restriction fragment differences between the genomes of the Oka varicella vaccine virus and American wild-type varicella-zoster virus. J Med Virol 29: 38-45.
– reference: Giehl KA, Müller-Sander E, Rottenkolber M, Degitz K, Volkenandt M, Berking C. 2008. Identification and characterization of 20 immunocompetent patients with simultaneous varicella zoster and herpes simplex virus infection. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 22: 722-728.
– reference: LaRussa P, Lungu O, Hardy I, Gershon A, Steinberg SP, Silverstein S. 1992. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction products from vaccine and wild-type varicella-zoster virus isolates. J Virol 66: 1016-1020.
– reference: Quinlivan M, Gershon AA, Steinberg SP, Breuer J. 2005. An evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms used to differentiate vaccine and wild type strains of varicella-zoster virus. J Med Virol 75: 174-180.
– reference: Tipples GA, Safronetz D, Gray M. 2003. A real-time PCR assay for the detection of varicella-zoster virus DNA and differentiation of vaccine, wild-type and control strains. J Virol Meth 113: 113-116.
– reference: Martin JH, Dohner DE, Wellinghoff WJ, Gelb LD. 1982. Restriction endonuclease analysis of varicella-zoster vaccine virus and wild-type DNAs. J Med Virol 9: 69-76.
– reference: Tang YW, Allawi HT, DeLeon-Carnes M, Li H, Day SP, Schmid DS. 2007. Detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine mutant varicella-zoster viruses using an Invader Plus method. J Clin Virol 40: 129-134.
– volume: 66
  start-page: 1016
  year: 1992
  end-page: 1020
  article-title: Restriction fragment length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction products from vaccine and wild‐type varicella‐zoster virus isolates
  publication-title: J Virol
– volume: 197
  start-page: S54
  year: 2008
  end-page: S57
  article-title: Vaccine Oka variants and sequence variability in vaccine‐related skin lesions
  publication-title: J Infect Dis
– volume: 75
  start-page: 174
  year: 2005
  end-page: 180
  article-title: An evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms used to differentiate vaccine and wild type strains of varicella‐zoster virus
  publication-title: J Med Virol
– volume: 181
  start-page: 1153
  year: 2000
  end-page: 1157
  article-title: Nucleotide sequences that distinguish Oka vaccine from parental Oka and other varicella‐zoster virus isolates
  publication-title: J Infect Dis
– volume: 44
  start-page: 3443
  year: 2006
  end-page: 3447
  article-title: Invader plus method detects herpes simplex virus in cerebrospinal fluid and simultaneously differentiates types 1 and 2
  publication-title: J Clin Microbiol
– volume: 29
  start-page: 113
  year: 2004
  end-page: 119
  article-title: New method of differentiating wild‐type varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) strains from Oka varicella vaccine strain by VZV ORF 6‐based PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis
  publication-title: J Clin Virol
– volume: 38
  start-page: 4315
  year: 2000b
  end-page: 4319
  article-title: Rapid genotyping of varicella‐zoster virus vaccine and wild‐type strains with fluorophore‐labeled hybridization probes
  publication-title: J Clin Microbiol
– volume: 178
  start-page: S64
  year: 1998
  end-page: S66
  article-title: Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of varicella‐zoster virus isolates from the United States and other parts of the world
  publication-title: J Infect Dis
– volume: 190
  start-page: 793
  year: 2004
  end-page: 796
  article-title: Rashes occurring after immunization with a mixture of viruses in the Oka vaccine are derived from single clones of virus
  publication-title: J Infect Dis
– volume: 40
  start-page: 129
  year: 2007
  end-page: 134
  article-title: Detection and differentiation of wild‐type and vaccine mutant varicella‐zoster viruses using an Invader Plus method
  publication-title: J Clin Virol
– volume: 38
  start-page: 3156
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Snippet A real-time PCR assay was developed to identify varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in clinical specimens from subjects with...
A real‐time PCR assay was developed to identify varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in clinical specimens from subjects with...
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SubjectTerms beta-Globins - genetics
Biological and medical sciences
Chickenpox Vaccine
clinical trial
diagnosis of herpes zoster
Diagnosis, Differential
DNA Primers
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Herpes Simplex - diagnosis
Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines
Herpes Zoster - diagnosis
Herpesvirus 3, Human - classification
Herpesvirus 3, Human - genetics
Herpesvirus 3, Human - isolation & purification
Human viral diseases
Humans
Infectious diseases
Medical sciences
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods
Polymerase Chain Reaction - standards
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Reference Standards
Sensitivity and Specificity
Shingles Prevention Study
Simplexvirus - classification
Simplexvirus - genetics
Simplexvirus - isolation & purification
Techniques used in virology
Vaccines
Viral diseases
Virology
VZV ORF 62
zoster vaccine
Title real-time PCR assay to identify and discriminate among wild-type and vaccine strains of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in clinical specimens, and comparison with the clinical diagnoses
URI https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-K45GJ6R4-R/fulltext.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fjmv.21506
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19475609
https://www.proquest.com/docview/46302938
https://www.proquest.com/docview/67321203
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4217208
Volume 81
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