Review of recent advances in research on the toxicity, detection, occurrence and fate of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in the environment
► A critical assessment of the current state of knowledge of toxicity, fate, and environmental levels of cVMS is presented. ► An overview of the use, physico-chemical properties, methods of detection, of the three most widely used cVMS is reported. ► Knowledge gaps and recommendations for future res...
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| Published in | Chemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 93; no. 5; pp. 711 - 725 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.10.2013
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | ► A critical assessment of the current state of knowledge of toxicity, fate, and environmental levels of cVMS is presented. ► An overview of the use, physico-chemical properties, methods of detection, of the three most widely used cVMS is reported. ► Knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research on cVMS have been identified.
The fate and behavior of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in the environment were reviewed. We evaluated their usage data and patterns, physico-chemical properties, toxicology, partitioning and degradation, methods of detection, and concentrations. The use of cVMS as an intermediate in the formation of silicone polymers, personal care and household products has resulted in their widespread environmental exposure; they have been detected in biogas, air, water, soil, biosolid, sediment, and biota samples. Modeled and experimental results suggest that cVMS may be subject to long-range atmospheric transport, but have low potential to contaminate the Arctic. For D4 and D5, there was no evidence of trophic biomagnification in aquatic food webs, while some aquatic organisms demonstrated a high degree of bioconcentration and bioaccumulation. High concentrations of cVMS observed in indoor air and biosolids resulted from point sources. Concentrations of cVMS in water, sediment, and soil were all below their no-observed-effect-concentrations. |
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| AbstractList | The fate and behavior of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in the environment were reviewed. We evaluated their usage data and patterns, physico-chemical properties, toxicology, partitioning and degradation, methods of detection, and concentrations. The use of cVMS as an intermediate in the formation of silicone polymers, personal care and household products has resulted in their widespread environmental exposure; they have been detected in biogas, air, water, soil, biosolid, sediment, and biota samples. Modeled and experimental results suggest that cVMS may be subject to long-range atmospheric transport, but have low potential to contaminate the Arctic. For D4 and D5, there was no evidence of trophic biomagnification in aquatic food webs, while some aquatic organisms demonstrated a high degree of bioconcentration and bioaccumulation. High concentrations of cVMS observed in indoor air and biosolids resulted from point sources. Concentrations of cVMS in water, sediment, and soil were all below their no-observed-effect-concentrations. ► A critical assessment of the current state of knowledge of toxicity, fate, and environmental levels of cVMS is presented. ► An overview of the use, physico-chemical properties, methods of detection, of the three most widely used cVMS is reported. ► Knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research on cVMS have been identified. The fate and behavior of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in the environment were reviewed. We evaluated their usage data and patterns, physico-chemical properties, toxicology, partitioning and degradation, methods of detection, and concentrations. The use of cVMS as an intermediate in the formation of silicone polymers, personal care and household products has resulted in their widespread environmental exposure; they have been detected in biogas, air, water, soil, biosolid, sediment, and biota samples. Modeled and experimental results suggest that cVMS may be subject to long-range atmospheric transport, but have low potential to contaminate the Arctic. For D4 and D5, there was no evidence of trophic biomagnification in aquatic food webs, while some aquatic organisms demonstrated a high degree of bioconcentration and bioaccumulation. High concentrations of cVMS observed in indoor air and biosolids resulted from point sources. Concentrations of cVMS in water, sediment, and soil were all below their no-observed-effect-concentrations. The fate and behavior of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in the environment were reviewed. We evaluated their usage data and patterns, physico-chemical properties, toxicology, partitioning and degradation, methods of detection, and concentrations. The use of cVMS as an intermediate in the formation of silicone polymers, personal care and household products has resulted in their widespread environmental exposure; they have been detected in biogas, air, water, soil, biosolid, sediment, and biota samples. Modeled and experimental results suggest that cVMS may be subject to long-range atmospheric transport, but have low potential to contaminate the Arctic. For D4 and D5, there was no evidence of trophic biomagnification in aquatic food webs, while some aquatic organisms demonstrated a high degree of bioconcentration and bioaccumulation. High concentrations of cVMS observed in indoor air and biosolids resulted from point sources. Concentrations of cVMS in water, sediment, and soil were all below their no-observed-effect-concentrations.The fate and behavior of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in the environment were reviewed. We evaluated their usage data and patterns, physico-chemical properties, toxicology, partitioning and degradation, methods of detection, and concentrations. The use of cVMS as an intermediate in the formation of silicone polymers, personal care and household products has resulted in their widespread environmental exposure; they have been detected in biogas, air, water, soil, biosolid, sediment, and biota samples. Modeled and experimental results suggest that cVMS may be subject to long-range atmospheric transport, but have low potential to contaminate the Arctic. For D4 and D5, there was no evidence of trophic biomagnification in aquatic food webs, while some aquatic organisms demonstrated a high degree of bioconcentration and bioaccumulation. High concentrations of cVMS observed in indoor air and biosolids resulted from point sources. Concentrations of cVMS in water, sediment, and soil were all below their no-observed-effect-concentrations. |
| Author | Alaee, Mehran Byer, Jonathan D. Brimble, Samantha Norwood, Warren Wang, De-Gao |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: De-Gao surname: Wang fullname: Wang, De-Gao – sequence: 2 givenname: Warren surname: Norwood fullname: Norwood, Warren – sequence: 3 givenname: Mehran surname: Alaee fullname: Alaee, Mehran email: mehran.alaee@ec.gc.ca – sequence: 4 givenname: Jonathan D. surname: Byer fullname: Byer, Jonathan D. – sequence: 5 givenname: Samantha surname: Brimble fullname: Brimble, Samantha |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23211328$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Issue | 5 |
| Keywords | Physico-chemical property Global distribution Wastewater treatment plant Cyclic siloxane Toxicity Environmental concentration |
| Language | English |
| License | Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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| Snippet | ► A critical assessment of the current state of knowledge of toxicity, fate, and environmental levels of cVMS is presented. ► An overview of the use,... The fate and behavior of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and... |
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| SubjectTerms | air analysis aquatic food webs aquatic organisms Arctic region bioaccumulation biogas biosolids Cyclic siloxane Environmental concentration environmental exposure Environmental Exposure - analysis Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollutants Environmental Pollutants - analysis Environmental Pollution Environmental Pollution - statistics & numerical data Global distribution household products Physico-chemical property physicochemical properties sediments silicone Siloxanes Siloxanes - analysis soil statistics & numerical data Toxicity toxicology Wastewater treatment plant |
| Title | Review of recent advances in research on the toxicity, detection, occurrence and fate of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in the environment |
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