THE BLACK HOLE MASS SCALE OF CLASSICAL AND PSEUDO BULGES IN ACTIVE GALAXIES
The mass estimator used to calculate black hole (BH) masses in broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) relies on a virial coefficient (the "f factor") that is determined by comparing reverberation-mapped (RM) AGNs with measured bulge stellar velocity dispersions against the M sub(BH-)[sig...
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Published in | The Astrophysical journal Vol. 789; no. 1; pp. 1 - 14 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
01.07.2014
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Abstract | The mass estimator used to calculate black hole (BH) masses in broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) relies on a virial coefficient (the "f factor") that is determined by comparing reverberation-mapped (RM) AGNs with measured bulge stellar velocity dispersions against the M sub(BH-)[sigma]* relation of inactive galaxies. It has recently been recognized that only classical bulges and ellipticals obey a tight M sub(BH-)[sigma]* relation; pseudobulges have a different zero point and much larger scatter. Motivated by these developments, we reevaluate the f factor for RM AGNs with available [sigma] sub(*) measurements, updated H beta RM lags, and new bulge classifications based on detailed decomposition of high-resolution ground-based and space-based images. Separate calibrations are provided for the two bulge types, whose virial coefficients differ by a factor of ~2: f = 6.3 + or - 1.5 for classical bulges and ellipticals and f = 3.2 + or - 0.7 for pseudobulges. The structure and kinematics of the broad-line region, at least as crudely encoded in the f factor, seems to be related to the large-scale properties or formation history of the bulge. Lastly, we investigate the bulge stellar masses of the RM AGNs, show evidence for recent star formation in the AGN hosts that correlates with Eddington ratio, and discuss the potential utility of the M sub(BH)-M sub(bulge) relation as a more promising alternative to the conventionally used M sub(BH-)[sigma]* relation for future refinement of the virial mass estimator for AGNs. |
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AbstractList | The mass estimator used to calculate black hole (BH) masses in broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) relies on a virial coefficient (the 'f factor') that is determined by comparing reverberation-mapped (RM) AGNs with measured bulge stellar velocity dispersions against the M {sub BH}-σ{sub *} relation of inactive galaxies. It has recently been recognized that only classical bulges and ellipticals obey a tight M {sub BH}-σ{sub *} relation; pseudobulges have a different zero point and much larger scatter. Motivated by these developments, we reevaluate the f factor for RM AGNs with available σ{sub *} measurements, updated Hβ RM lags, and new bulge classifications based on detailed decomposition of high-resolution ground-based and space-based images. Separate calibrations are provided for the two bulge types, whose virial coefficients differ by a factor of ∼2: f = 6.3 ± 1.5 for classical bulges and ellipticals and f = 3.2 ± 0.7 for pseudobulges. The structure and kinematics of the broad-line region, at least as crudely encoded in the f factor, seems to be related to the large-scale properties or formation history of the bulge. Lastly, we investigate the bulge stellar masses of the RM AGNs, show evidence for recent star formation in the AGN hosts that correlates with Eddington ratio, and discuss the potential utility of the M {sub BH}-M {sub bulge} relation as a more promising alternative to the conventionally used M {sub BH}-σ{sub *} relation for future refinement of the virial mass estimator for AGNs. The mass estimator used to calculate black hole (BH) masses in broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) relies on a virial coefficient (the "f factor") that is determined by comparing reverberation-mapped (RM) AGNs with measured bulge stellar velocity dispersions against the M sub(BH-)[sigma]* relation of inactive galaxies. It has recently been recognized that only classical bulges and ellipticals obey a tight M sub(BH-)[sigma]* relation; pseudobulges have a different zero point and much larger scatter. Motivated by these developments, we reevaluate the f factor for RM AGNs with available [sigma] sub(*) measurements, updated H beta RM lags, and new bulge classifications based on detailed decomposition of high-resolution ground-based and space-based images. Separate calibrations are provided for the two bulge types, whose virial coefficients differ by a factor of ~2: f = 6.3 + or - 1.5 for classical bulges and ellipticals and f = 3.2 + or - 0.7 for pseudobulges. The structure and kinematics of the broad-line region, at least as crudely encoded in the f factor, seems to be related to the large-scale properties or formation history of the bulge. Lastly, we investigate the bulge stellar masses of the RM AGNs, show evidence for recent star formation in the AGN hosts that correlates with Eddington ratio, and discuss the potential utility of the M sub(BH)-M sub(bulge) relation as a more promising alternative to the conventionally used M sub(BH-)[sigma]* relation for future refinement of the virial mass estimator for AGNs. |
Author | Ho, Luis C KIM, MINJIN |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Luis surname: Ho middlename: C fullname: Ho, Luis C – sequence: 2 givenname: MINJIN surname: KIM fullname: KIM, MINJIN |
BackLink | https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22356514$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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Snippet | The mass estimator used to calculate black hole (BH) masses in broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) relies on a virial coefficient (the "f factor") that is... The mass estimator used to calculate black hole (BH) masses in broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) relies on a virial coefficient (the 'f factor') that is... |
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SubjectTerms | Active galactic nuclei Active galaxies ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY BLACK HOLES Black holes (astronomy) Bulging CALIBRATION CLASSIFICATION COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS Correlation DECOMPOSITION DISPERSIONS EMISSION Estimators GALAXIES GALAXY NUCLEI GAS UTILITIES MASS QUASARS SPACE VELOCITY Virial coefficients |
Title | THE BLACK HOLE MASS SCALE OF CLASSICAL AND PSEUDO BULGES IN ACTIVE GALAXIES |
URI | https://search.proquest.com/docview/1709168979 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1730058170 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22356514 |
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