The Interplay of HIV and Autophagy in Early Infection

HIV/AIDS is still a global threat despite the notable efforts made by the scientific and health communities to understand viral infection, to design new drugs or to improve existing ones, as well as to develop advanced therapies and vaccine designs for functional cure and viral eradication. The iden...

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Published inFrontiers in microbiology Vol. 12; p. 661446
Main Authors Cabrera-Rodríguez, Romina, Pérez-Yanes, Silvia, Estévez-Herrera, Judith, Márquez-Arce, Daniel, Cabrera, Cecilia, Espert, Lucile, Blanco, Julià, Valenzuela-Fernández, Agustín
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LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media 28.04.2021
Frontiers Media S.A
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Abstract HIV/AIDS is still a global threat despite the notable efforts made by the scientific and health communities to understand viral infection, to design new drugs or to improve existing ones, as well as to develop advanced therapies and vaccine designs for functional cure and viral eradication. The identification and analysis of HIV-1 positive individuals that naturally control viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral treatment has provided clues about cellular processes that could interact with viral proteins and RNA and define subsequent viral replication and clinical progression. This is the case of autophagy, a degradative process that not only maintains cell homeostasis by recycling misfolded/old cellular elements to obtain nutrients, but is also relevant in the innate and adaptive immunity against viruses, such as HIV-1. Several studies suggest that early steps of HIV-1 infection, such as virus binding to CD4 or membrane fusion, allow the virus to modulate autophagy pathways preparing cells to be permissive for viral infection. Confirming this interplay, strategies based on autophagy modulation are able to inhibit early steps of HIV-1 infection. Moreover, autophagy dysregulation in late steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle may promote autophagic cell-death of CD4 T cells or control of HIV-1 latency, likely contributing to disease progression and HIV persistence in infected individuals. In this scenario, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV/autophagy interplay may contribute to the development of new strategies to control HIV-1 replication. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge of the interplay between autophagy and the early events of HIV-1 infection, and how autophagy modulation could impair or benefit HIV-1 infection and persistence, impacting viral pathogenesis, immune control of viral replication, and clinical progression of HIV-1 infected patients.
AbstractList HIV/AIDS is still a global threat despite the notable efforts made by the scientific and health communities to understand viral infection, to design new drugs or to improve existing ones, as well as to develop advanced therapies and vaccine designs for functional cure and viral eradication. The identification and analysis of HIV-1 positive individuals that naturally control viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral treatment has provided clues about cellular processes that could interact with viral proteins and RNA and define subsequent viral replication and clinical progression. This is the case of autophagy, a degradative process that not only maintains cell homeostasis by recycling misfolded/old cellular elements to obtain nutrients, but is also relevant in the innate and adaptive immunity against viruses, such as HIV-1. Several studies suggest that early steps of HIV-1 infection, such as virus binding to CD4 or membrane fusion, allow the virus to modulate autophagy pathways preparing cells to be permissive for viral infection. Confirming this interplay, strategies based on autophagy modulation are able to inhibit early steps of HIV-1 infection. Moreover, autophagy dysregulation in late steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle may promote autophagic cell-death of CD4 + T cells or control of HIV-1 latency, likely contributing to disease progression and HIV persistence in infected individuals. In this scenario, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV/autophagy interplay may contribute to the development of new strategies to control HIV-1 replication. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge of the interplay between autophagy and the early events of HIV-1 infection, and how autophagy modulation could impair or benefit HIV-1 infection and persistence, impacting viral pathogenesis, immune control of viral replication, and clinical progression of HIV-1 infected patients.
HIV/AIDS is still a global threat despite the notable efforts made by the scientific and health communities to understand viral infection, to design new drugs or to improve existing ones, as well as to develop advanced therapies and vaccine designs for functional cure and viral eradication. The identification and analysis of HIV-1 positive individuals that naturally control viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral treatment has provided clues about cellular processes that could interact with viral proteins and RNA and define subsequent viral replication and clinical progression. This is the case of autophagy, a degradative process that not only maintains cell homeostasis by recycling misfolded/old cellular elements to obtain nutrients, but is also relevant in the innate and adaptive immunity against viruses, such as HIV-1. Several studies suggest that early steps of HIV-1 infection, such as virus binding to CD4 or membrane fusion, allow the virus to modulate autophagy pathways preparing cells to be permissive for viral infection. Confirming this interplay, strategies based on autophagy modulation are able to inhibit early steps of HIV-1 infection. Moreover, autophagy dysregulation in late steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle may promote autophagic cell-death of CD4 + T cells or control of HIV-1 latency, likely contributing to disease progression and HIV persistence in infected individuals. In this scenario, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV/autophagy interplay may contribute to the development of new strategies to control HIV-1 replication. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge of the interplay between autophagy and the early events of HIV-1 infection, and how autophagy modulation could impair or benefit HIV-1 infection and persistence, impacting viral pathogenesis, immune control of viral replication, and clinical progression of HIV-1 infected patients.
HIV/AIDS is still a global threat despite the notable efforts made by the scientific and health communities to understand viral infection, to design new drugs or to improve existing ones, as well as to develop advanced therapies and vaccine designs for functional cure and viral eradication. The identification and analysis of HIV-1 positive individuals that naturally control viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral treatment has provided clues about cellular processes that could interact with viral proteins and RNA and define subsequent viral replication and clinical progression. This is the case of autophagy, a degradative process that not only maintains cell homeostasis by recycling misfolded/old cellular elements to obtain nutrients, but is also relevant in the innate and adaptive immunity against viruses, such as HIV-1. Several studies suggest that early steps of HIV-1 infection, such as virus binding to CD4 or membrane fusion, allow the virus to modulate autophagy pathways preparing cells to be permissive for viral infection. Confirming this interplay, strategies based on autophagy modulation are able to inhibit early steps of HIV-1 infection. Moreover, autophagy dysregulation in late steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle may promote autophagic cell-death of CD4 T cells or control of HIV-1 latency, likely contributing to disease progression and HIV persistence in infected individuals. In this scenario, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV/autophagy interplay may contribute to the development of new strategies to control HIV-1 replication. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge of the interplay between autophagy and the early events of HIV-1 infection, and how autophagy modulation could impair or benefit HIV-1 infection and persistence, impacting viral pathogenesis, immune control of viral replication, and clinical progression of HIV-1 infected patients.
Author Márquez-Arce, Daniel
Cabrera-Rodríguez, Romina
Blanco, Julià
Pérez-Yanes, Silvia
Espert, Lucile
Cabrera, Cecilia
Estévez-Herrera, Judith
Valenzuela-Fernández, Agustín
AuthorAffiliation 3 Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier , CNRS, Montpellier , France
2 AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Barcelona , Spain
4 Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC) , Catalonia , Spain
1 Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, e IUETSPC de la Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n , Tenerife , Spain
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, e IUETSPC de la Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n , Tenerife , Spain
– name: 2 AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Barcelona , Spain
– name: 4 Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC) , Catalonia , Spain
– name: 3 Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier , CNRS, Montpellier , France
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Romina
  surname: Cabrera-Rodríguez
  fullname: Cabrera-Rodríguez, Romina
  organization: Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, e IUETSPC de la Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, Tenerife, Spain
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Silvia
  surname: Pérez-Yanes
  fullname: Pérez-Yanes, Silvia
  organization: Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, e IUETSPC de la Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, Tenerife, Spain
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Judith
  surname: Estévez-Herrera
  fullname: Estévez-Herrera, Judith
  organization: Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, e IUETSPC de la Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, Tenerife, Spain
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Daniel
  surname: Márquez-Arce
  fullname: Márquez-Arce, Daniel
  organization: Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, e IUETSPC de la Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, Tenerife, Spain
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Cecilia
  surname: Cabrera
  fullname: Cabrera, Cecilia
  organization: AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Lucile
  surname: Espert
  fullname: Espert, Lucile
  organization: Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Julià
  surname: Blanco
  fullname: Blanco, Julià
  organization: Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Catalonia, Spain
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Agustín
  surname: Valenzuela-Fernández
  fullname: Valenzuela-Fernández, Agustín
  organization: Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, e IUETSPC de la Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, Tenerife, Spain
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33995324$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2021 Cabrera-Rodríguez, Pérez-Yanes, Estévez-Herrera, Márquez-Arce, Cabrera, Espert, Blanco and Valenzuela-Fernández.
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Copyright © 2021 Cabrera-Rodríguez, Pérez-Yanes, Estévez-Herrera, Márquez-Arce, Cabrera, Espert, Blanco and Valenzuela-Fernández. 2021 Cabrera-Rodríguez, Pérez-Yanes, Estévez-Herrera, Márquez-Arce, Cabrera, Espert, Blanco and Valenzuela-Fernández
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Keywords HIV-1
cell-death
early infection
autophagy
Env signaling
Language English
License Copyright © 2021 Cabrera-Rodríguez, Pérez-Yanes, Estévez-Herrera, Márquez-Arce, Cabrera, Espert, Blanco and Valenzuela-Fernández.
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This article was submitted to Virology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology
Edited by: Fatah Kashanchi, George Mason University, United States
Reviewed by: Grant Campbell, University of California, San Diego, United States; Nazira El-Hage, Florida International University, United States
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Snippet HIV/AIDS is still a global threat despite the notable efforts made by the scientific and health communities to understand viral infection, to design new drugs...
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SubjectTerms autophagy
cell-death
early infection
Env signaling
HIV-1
Life Sciences
Microbiology
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Title The Interplay of HIV and Autophagy in Early Infection
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33995324
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2528433997
https://hal.science/hal-03405215
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8113651
https://doaj.org/article/05cd32a89c824ee198a38a1e6452d653
Volume 12
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