Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic

Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type...

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Published inAntibiotics (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 12; p. 1534
Main Authors Ferraboschi, Patrizia, Ciceri, Samuele, Grisenti, Paride
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 14.12.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Amino acids
Animal tissues
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
antimicrobial
Antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial agents
Aquatic birds
Bacteria
Biofilms
Chickens
Enzymes
Food preservation
Gram-negative
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive
Gram-positive bacteria
Immune system
Infectious diseases
Innate immunity
Invertebrates
Lysozyme
Milk
Mucosa
muramidase
Peptides
peptidoglycan
Plant protection
Proteins
Review
Saliva
Secretions
Synergism
Viruses
Wound healing
antimicrobial
peptidoglycan
lysozyme
innate immunity
Gram-negative
Gram-positive
muramidase
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Abstract Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.
AbstractList Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.
Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.
Author Grisenti, Paride
Ferraboschi, Patrizia
Ciceri, Samuele
AuthorAffiliation 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; samuele.ciceri@unimi.it
3 Bioseutica BV, Corso Elvezia 4, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
1 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via C. Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy; patrizia.ferraboschi@unimi.it
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via C. Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy; patrizia.ferraboschi@unimi.it
– name: 3 Bioseutica BV, Corso Elvezia 4, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
– name: 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; samuele.ciceri@unimi.it
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Patrizia
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2349-8126
  surname: Ferraboschi
  fullname: Ferraboschi, Patrizia
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Samuele
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1202-941X
  surname: Ciceri
  fullname: Ciceri, Samuele
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Paride
  surname: Grisenti
  fullname: Grisenti, Paride
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34943746$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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peptidoglycan
lysozyme
innate immunity
Gram-negative
Gram-positive
muramidase
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SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in...
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SubjectTerms Amino acids
Animal tissues
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
antimicrobial
Antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial agents
Aquatic birds
Bacteria
Biofilms
Chickens
Enzymes
Food preservation
Gram-negative
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive
Gram-positive bacteria
Immune system
Infectious diseases
Innate immunity
Invertebrates
Lysozyme
Milk
Mucosa
muramidase
Peptides
peptidoglycan
Plant protection
Proteins
Review
Saliva
Secretions
Synergism
Viruses
Wound healing
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Title Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34943746
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2612726885
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2614243739
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8698798
https://doaj.org/article/73915dc4bd3d49efbae464ee4e998d74
Volume 10
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