Computed tomography assessment of lung structure in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Hypoxemia is a frequent complication after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), usually attributed to atelectasis. Using computed tomography (CT), we investigated postoperative pulmonary alterations and their impact on blood oxygenation. Eighteen non-hypoxemic patie...

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Published inBrazilian journal of medical and biological research Vol. 44; no. 6; pp. 598 - 605
Main Authors Rodrigues, R R, Sawada, A Y, Rouby, J-J, Fukuda, M J, Neves, F H, Carmona, M J, Pelosi, P, Auler, J O, Malbouisson, L M S
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Published Brazil Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica 01.06.2011
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Abstract Hypoxemia is a frequent complication after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), usually attributed to atelectasis. Using computed tomography (CT), we investigated postoperative pulmonary alterations and their impact on blood oxygenation. Eighteen non-hypoxemic patients (15 men and 3 women) with normal cardiac function scheduled for CABG under CPB were studied. Hemodynamic measurements and blood samples were obtained before surgery, after intubation, after CPB, at admission to the intensive care unit, and 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery. Pre- and postoperative volumetric thoracic CT scans were acquired under apnea conditions after a spontaneous expiration. Data were analyzed by the paired Student t-test and one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Mean age was 63 ± 9 years. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly reduced after anesthesia induction, reaching its nadir after CPB and partially improving 12 h after surgery. Compared to preoperative CT, there was a 31% postoperative reduction in pulmonary gas volume (P < 0.001) while tissue volume increased by 19% (P < 0.001). Non-aerated lung increased by 253 ± 97 g (P < 0.001), from 3 to 27%, after surgery and poorly aerated lung by 72 ± 68 g (P < 0.001), from 24 to 27%, while normally aerated lung was reduced by 147 ± 119 g (P < 0.001), from 72 to 46%. No correlations (Pearson) were observed between PaO2/FiO2 ratio or shunt fraction at 24 h postoperatively and postoperative lung alterations. The data show that lung structure is profoundly modified after CABG with CPB. Taken together, multiple changes occurring in the lungs contribute to postoperative hypoxemia rather than atelectasis alone.
AbstractList Hypoxemia is a frequent complication after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), usually attributed to atelectasis. Using computed tomography (CT), we investigated postoperative pulmonary alterations and their impact on blood oxygenation. Eighteen non-hypoxemic patients (15 men and 3 women) with normal cardiac function scheduled for CABG under CPB were studied. Hemodynamic measurements and blood samples were obtained before surgery, after intubation, after CPB, at admission to the intensive care unit, and 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery. Pre- and postoperative volumetric thoracic CT scans were acquired under apnea conditions after a spontaneous expiration. Data were analyzed by the paired Student t-test and one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Mean age was 63 ± 9 years. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly reduced after anesthesia induction, reaching its nadir after CPB and partially improving 12 h after surgery. Compared to preoperative CT, there was a 31% postoperative reduction in pulmonary gas volume (P < 0.001) while tissue volume increased by 19% (P < 0.001). Non-aerated lung increased by 253 ± 97 g (P < 0.001), from 3 to 27%, after surgery and poorly aerated lung by 72 ± 68 g (P < 0.001), from 24 to 27%, while normally aerated lung was reduced by 147 ± 119 g (P < 0.001), from 72 to 46%. No correlations (Pearson) were observed between PaO2/FiO2 ratio or shunt fraction at 24 h postoperatively and postoperative lung alterations. The data show that lung structure is profoundly modified after CABG with CPB. Taken together, multiple changes occurring in the lungs contribute to postoperative hypoxemia rather than atelectasis alone.
Hypoxemia is a frequent complication after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), usually attributed to atelectasis. Using computed tomography (CT), we investigated postoperative pulmonary alterations and their impact on blood oxygenation. Eighteen non-hypoxemic patients (15 men and 3 women) with normal cardiac function scheduled for CABG under CPB were studied. Hemodynamic measurements and blood samples were obtained before surgery, after intubation, after CPB, at admission to the intensive care unit, and 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery. Pre- and postoperative volumetric thoracic CT scans were acquired under apnea conditions after a spontaneous expiration. Data were analyzed by the paired Student t-test and one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Mean age was 63 plus or minus 9 years. The PaO sub(2)/FiO sub(2) ratio was significantly reduced after anesthesia induction, reaching its nadir after CPB and partially improving 12 h after surgery. Compared to preoperative CT, there was a 31% postoperative reduction in pulmonary gas volume (P < 0.001) while tissue volume increased by 19% (P < 0.001). Non-aerated lung increased by 253 plus or minus 97 g (P < 0.001), from 3 to 27%, after surgery and poorly aerated lung by 72 plus or minus 68 g (P < 0.001), from 24 to 27%, while normally aerated lung was reduced by 147 plus or minus 119 g (P < 0.001), from 72 to 46%. No correlations (Pearson) were observed between PaO sub(2)/FiO sub(2) ratio or shunt fraction at 24 h postoperatively and postoperative lung alterations. The data show that lung structure is profoundly modified after CABG with CPB. Taken together, multiple changes occurring in the lungs contribute to postoperative hypoxemia rather than atelectasis alone.
Hypoxemia is a frequent complication after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), usually attributed to atelectasis. Using computed tomography (CT), we investigated postoperative pulmonary alterations and their impact on blood oxygenation. Eighteen non-hypoxemic patients (15 men and 3 women) with normal cardiac function scheduled for CABG under CPB were studied. Hemodynamic measurements and blood samples were obtained before surgery, after intubation, after CPB, at admission to the intensive care unit, and 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery. Pre- and postoperative volumetric thoracic CT scans were acquired under apnea conditions after a spontaneous expiration. Data were analyzed by the paired Student t-test and one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Mean age was 63 ± 9 years. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly reduced after anesthesia induction, reaching its nadir after CPB and partially improving 12 h after surgery. Compared to preoperative CT, there was a 31% postoperative reduction in pulmonary gas volume (P &lt; 0.001) while tissue volume increased by 19% (P &lt; 0.001). Non-aerated lung increased by 253 ± 97 g (P &lt; 0.001), from 3 to 27%, after surgery and poorly aerated lung by 72 ± 68 g (P &lt; 0.001), from 24 to 27%, while normally aerated lung was reduced by 147 ± 119 g (P &lt; 0.001), from 72 to 46%. No correlations (Pearson) were observed between PaO2/FiO2 ratio or shunt fraction at 24 h postoperatively and postoperative lung alterations. The data show that lung structure is profoundly modified after CABG with CPB. Taken together, multiple changes occurring in the lungs contribute to postoperative hypoxemia rather than atelectasis alone.
Author Rodrigues, R R
Rouby, J-J
Fukuda, M J
Malbouisson, L M S
Neves, F H
Auler, J O
Carmona, M J
Pelosi, P
Sawada, A Y
AuthorAffiliation Universidade de São Paulo
Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Universidade de São Paulo
– name: Université Pierre et Marie Curie
– name: Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
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  surname: Rodrigues
  fullname: Rodrigues, R R
  organization: Divisão de Anestesia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Enéas C. Aguiar 25, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
– sequence: 2
  givenname: A Y
  surname: Sawada
  fullname: Sawada, A Y
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  surname: Rouby
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  surname: Fukuda
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Issue 6
Keywords Cardiopulmonary bypass
Coronary artery bypass graft
Hypoxemia
Computed tomography
Language English
Portuguese
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Snippet Hypoxemia is a frequent complication after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), usually attributed to atelectasis. Using...
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SubjectTerms Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Analysis of Variance
Apnea - diagnostic imaging
Apnea - etiology
BIOLOGY
Body Water
Cardiac Surgical Procedures - adverse effects
Cardiopulmonary bypass
Cardiopulmonary Bypass - adverse effects
Computed tomography
Coronary artery bypass graft
Female
Humans
Hypoxemia
Lung - diagnostic imaging
Male
MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
Middle Aged
Pulmonary Atelectasis - complications
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Title Computed tomography assessment of lung structure in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21519640
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