Recent Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Wild Boars and Other Ungulates in Japan

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen with multiple hosts, posing significant public health risks, especially in regions like Japan where game meat consumption is prevalent. This study investigated HEV infection and viral shedding in wild boars, sika deer, and Japanese serows across Japan....

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inViruses Vol. 17; no. 4; p. 524
Main Authors Virhuez-Mendoza, Milagros, Ishijima, Keita, Tatemoto, Kango, Kuroda, Yudai, Inoue, Yusuke, Nishino, Ayano, Yamamoto, Tsukasa, Uda, Akihiko, Hotta, Akitoyo, Kabeya, Hidenori, Shimoda, Hiroshi, Suzuki, Kazuo, Komiya, Tomoyoshi, Seto, Junji, Iwashina, Yuki, Hirano, Daisuke, Sawada, Mikio, Yamaguchi, Sayuri, Hosaka, Fusayo, Maeda, Ken
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 04.04.2025
MDPI
Subjects
Animals
Antibodies
Communication
Deer
Deer - virology
Disease transmission
Diseases
Enzymes
Feces
Feces - virology
Food consumption
game meat
Genetic analysis
Genotype
Hepatitis
Hepatitis Antibodies - blood
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E - epidemiology
Hepatitis E - veterinary
Hepatitis E - virology
hepatitis E virus
Hepatitis E virus - classification
Hepatitis E virus - genetics
Hepatitis E virus - immunology
Hepatitis E virus - isolation & purification
Hogs
Japan - epidemiology
Japanese serow
Phylogeny
Prevention
Public health
Ribonucleic acid
Risk factors
RNA
RNA, Viral - genetics
sika deer
Sus scrofa - virology
Swine
Swine Diseases - epidemiology
Swine Diseases - virology
Thermal cycling
Ungulates
Virus Shedding
Wild boar
Zoonoses
Zoonoses - virology
Japan
United States > US
game meat
hepatitis E virus
Japanese serow
wild boar
sika deer
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen with multiple hosts, posing significant public health risks, especially in regions like Japan where game meat consumption is prevalent. This study investigated HEV infection and viral shedding in wild boars, sika deer, and Japanese serows across Japan. A total of 1896 serum samples were tested for anti-HEV antibodies, 1034 for HEV RNA, and 473 fecal samples for viral shedding. Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in wild boars from all seven prefectures studied, while HEV RNA was detected in wild boars from Fukuoka, Oita, and Miyazaki in southern Japan, as well as Yamaguchi prefecture. Genetic analysis revealed subtypes 3b, 4a, and 4g, with 3b being the most prevalent. Subtype 3b exhibited distinct geographical clustering, whereas 4g persisted exclusively in Yamaguchi for over 12 years. Infectious HEV particles were confirmed in wild boar feces, highlighting the risk of environmental contamination and zoonotic transmission. Sika deer showed no evidence of HEV infection, and only one Japanese serow tested positive for antibodies without detectable RNA. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance to assess the zoonotic risks from game meat consumption and prevention of HEV transmission to humans.
AbstractList Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen with multiple hosts, posing significant public health risks, especially in regions like Japan where game meat consumption is prevalent. This study investigated HEV infection and viral shedding in wild boars, sika deer, and Japanese serows across Japan. A total of 1896 serum samples were tested for anti-HEV antibodies, 1034 for HEV RNA, and 473 fecal samples for viral shedding. Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in wild boars from all seven prefectures studied, while HEV RNA was detected in wild boars from Fukuoka, Oita, and Miyazaki in southern Japan, as well as Yamaguchi prefecture. Genetic analysis revealed subtypes 3b, 4a, and 4g, with 3b being the most prevalent. Subtype 3b exhibited distinct geographical clustering, whereas 4g persisted exclusively in Yamaguchi for over 12 years. Infectious HEV particles were confirmed in wild boar feces, highlighting the risk of environmental contamination and zoonotic transmission. Sika deer showed no evidence of HEV infection, and only one Japanese serow tested positive for antibodies without detectable RNA. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance to assess the zoonotic risks from game meat consumption and prevention of HEV transmission to humans.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen with multiple hosts, posing significant public health risks, especially in regions like Japan where game meat consumption is prevalent. This study investigated HEV infection and viral shedding in wild boars, sika deer, and Japanese serows across Japan. A total of 1896 serum samples were tested for anti-HEV antibodies, 1034 for HEV RNA, and 473 fecal samples for viral shedding. Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in wild boars from all seven prefectures studied, while HEV RNA was detected in wild boars from Fukuoka, Oita, and Miyazaki in southern Japan, as well as Yamaguchi prefecture. Genetic analysis revealed subtypes 3b, 4a, and 4g, with 3b being the most prevalent. Subtype 3b exhibited distinct geographical clustering, whereas 4g persisted exclusively in Yamaguchi for over 12 years. Infectious HEV particles were confirmed in wild boar feces, highlighting the risk of environmental contamination and zoonotic transmission. Sika deer showed no evidence of HEV infection, and only one Japanese serow tested positive for antibodies without detectable RNA. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance to assess the zoonotic risks from game meat consumption and prevention of HEV transmission to humans.Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen with multiple hosts, posing significant public health risks, especially in regions like Japan where game meat consumption is prevalent. This study investigated HEV infection and viral shedding in wild boars, sika deer, and Japanese serows across Japan. A total of 1896 serum samples were tested for anti-HEV antibodies, 1034 for HEV RNA, and 473 fecal samples for viral shedding. Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in wild boars from all seven prefectures studied, while HEV RNA was detected in wild boars from Fukuoka, Oita, and Miyazaki in southern Japan, as well as Yamaguchi prefecture. Genetic analysis revealed subtypes 3b, 4a, and 4g, with 3b being the most prevalent. Subtype 3b exhibited distinct geographical clustering, whereas 4g persisted exclusively in Yamaguchi for over 12 years. Infectious HEV particles were confirmed in wild boar feces, highlighting the risk of environmental contamination and zoonotic transmission. Sika deer showed no evidence of HEV infection, and only one Japanese serow tested positive for antibodies without detectable RNA. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance to assess the zoonotic risks from game meat consumption and prevention of HEV transmission to humans.
Audience Academic
Author Kabeya, Hidenori
Kuroda, Yudai
Komiya, Tomoyoshi
Ishijima, Keita
Suzuki, Kazuo
Hirano, Daisuke
Tatemoto, Kango
Virhuez-Mendoza, Milagros
Hosaka, Fusayo
Inoue, Yusuke
Yamamoto, Tsukasa
Uda, Akihiko
Hotta, Akitoyo
Nishino, Ayano
Iwashina, Yuki
Yamaguchi, Sayuri
Seto, Junji
Sawada, Mikio
Maeda, Ken
Shimoda, Hiroshi
AuthorAffiliation 7 Japan Wildlife Research Center, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
1 Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; mvirhuez@niid.go.jp (M.V.-M.)
3 Laboratory of Veterinary Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa 252-0880, Japan
10 Kagawa Prefecture Livestock Association, Takamatsu 760-0023, Japan
4 Hikiiwa Park Center, Wakayama 646-0051, Japan
11 Gunma Prefecture Livestock Association, Maebashi 379-2147, Japan
8 Livestock Hygiene Department, Aomori Prefecture Livestock Association, Aomori 030-0822, Japan
2 Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
5 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1180, Japan
6 Department of Microbiology, Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata 990-0031, Japan
9 Gifu Veterinary Medical Association, Gifu 500-8385, Japan
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
– name: 1 Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; mvirhuez@niid.go.jp (M.V.-M.)
– name: 9 Gifu Veterinary Medical Association, Gifu 500-8385, Japan
– name: 5 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1180, Japan
– name: 3 Laboratory of Veterinary Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa 252-0880, Japan
– name: 4 Hikiiwa Park Center, Wakayama 646-0051, Japan
– name: 6 Department of Microbiology, Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata 990-0031, Japan
– name: 8 Livestock Hygiene Department, Aomori Prefecture Livestock Association, Aomori 030-0822, Japan
– name: 10 Kagawa Prefecture Livestock Association, Takamatsu 760-0023, Japan
– name: 11 Gunma Prefecture Livestock Association, Maebashi 379-2147, Japan
– name: 7 Japan Wildlife Research Center, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Milagros
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8357-2498
  surname: Virhuez-Mendoza
  fullname: Virhuez-Mendoza, Milagros
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Keita
  surname: Ishijima
  fullname: Ishijima, Keita
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Kango
  surname: Tatemoto
  fullname: Tatemoto, Kango
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Yudai
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7862-6658
  surname: Kuroda
  fullname: Kuroda, Yudai
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Yusuke
  surname: Inoue
  fullname: Inoue, Yusuke
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Ayano
  orcidid: 0009-0005-7612-3749
  surname: Nishino
  fullname: Nishino, Ayano
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Tsukasa
  surname: Yamamoto
  fullname: Yamamoto, Tsukasa
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Akihiko
  surname: Uda
  fullname: Uda, Akihiko
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Akitoyo
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7579-2212
  surname: Hotta
  fullname: Hotta, Akitoyo
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Hidenori
  orcidid: 0000-0002-4127-6287
  surname: Kabeya
  fullname: Kabeya, Hidenori
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Hiroshi
  surname: Shimoda
  fullname: Shimoda, Hiroshi
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Kazuo
  surname: Suzuki
  fullname: Suzuki, Kazuo
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Tomoyoshi
  orcidid: 0009-0008-2931-3349
  surname: Komiya
  fullname: Komiya, Tomoyoshi
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Junji
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2227-5315
  surname: Seto
  fullname: Seto, Junji
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Yuki
  surname: Iwashina
  fullname: Iwashina, Yuki
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Daisuke
  surname: Hirano
  fullname: Hirano, Daisuke
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Mikio
  surname: Sawada
  fullname: Sawada, Mikio
– sequence: 18
  givenname: Sayuri
  surname: Yamaguchi
  fullname: Yamaguchi, Sayuri
– sequence: 19
  givenname: Fusayo
  surname: Hosaka
  fullname: Hosaka, Fusayo
– sequence: 20
  givenname: Ken
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3488-5439
  surname: Maeda
  fullname: Maeda, Ken
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40284967$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNptkl1rFDEUhgep2A-98A9IwJt6sTWZZGaSK6mltiuVgli9DGeSM9sss8mazBT678247bIrkouE5MlzOIf3uDjwwWNRvGX0jHNFPz6whgpaleJFccSUUjOhWHWwcz4sjlNaUlrXijavikNBSylU3RwV376jQT-Qa1zD4AaXyCX56eKYyNx3aAYXPHGe_HK9JZ8DxETAW3I73GMkd34x9jBgmoivsAb_unjZQZ_wzdN-Utx9ufxxcT27ub2aX5zfzIxQapgx2VLWikY0CtEYClRVQAUYXrbIWwslt1zaqhI1cgO0awwtW1O2jW1BsIqfFPON1wZY6nV0K4iPOoDTfy9CXGiIgzM9aklVzSwTIEwrqlJJww120FnM9Y0U2fVp41qP7QrtNI0I_Z50_8W7e70ID5qVlLM8yGw4fTLE8HvENOiVSwb7HjyGMWnOVNVILiXL6Pt_0GUYo8-zmihRCymbHWoBuQPnu5ALm0mqzyVvasWknMqe_YfKy-LKmZyQzuX7vQ_vdjvdtvichgx82AAmhpQidluEUT0lTW-Txv8Als_COw
Cites_doi 10.1099/vir.0.059238-0
10.1292/jvms.22-0237
10.1089/vbz.2020.2727
10.1186/1743-422X-11-90
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169698
10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14025-1
10.7326/0003-4819-147-1-200707030-00005
10.2957/kanzo.61.270
10.1002/jmv.28886
10.1371/journal.pone.0225583
10.3201/eid1112.051041
10.1007/s12560-017-9319-z
10.1016/j.hepres.2005.10.010
10.1007/s00705-012-1422-8
10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100376
10.2957/kanzo.53.534
10.3350/cmh.2013.19.3.309
10.1128/JVI.00822-17
10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.11.004
10.3201/eid2212.160979
10.3201/eid1612.100557
10.3201/eid1812.120924
10.1099/vir.0.000072
10.7883/yoken.JJID.2019.129
10.3390/v15061322
10.3390/vetsci9030100
10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199438
10.1111/tbed.12351
10.1038/nrdp.2017.86
10.1111/hepr.12175
10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.005
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175473
10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198645
10.7589/2014-12-282
10.1002/jmv.21536
10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109275
10.3389/fvets.2024.1328284
10.1099/jgv.0.001435
10.1111/tbed.12353
10.1111/hepr.14062
10.1099/jgv.0.001778
10.1111/trf.17696
10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247467
10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.07.004
10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198106
10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.07.030
10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100304
10.1007/s12560-020-09442-0
10.3390/pathogens11101124
10.1111/tbed.12311
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG
2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2025 by the authors. 2025
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG
– notice: 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2025 by the authors. 2025
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7U9
7X7
7XB
88E
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
H94
HCIFZ
K9.
LK8
M0S
M1P
M7P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3390/v17040524
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Biological Sciences
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
Medical Database
Biological Science Database
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
Directory of Open Access Journals - May need to register for free articles
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Health & Medical Research Collection
Biological Science Collection
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList

Publicly Available Content Database

MEDLINE - Academic
CrossRef
MEDLINE
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 4
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
Public Health
EISSN 1999-4915
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_80961d14a4cb45298c3cefafde474c84
PMC12031028
A837691888
40284967
10_3390_v17040524
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
GeographicLocations Japan
United States--US
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Japan
– name: United States--US
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare
  grantid: 21KA1003
– fundername: Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare
  grantid: 24KA0701
– fundername: Health Labour Sciences Research Grant
  grantid: 21KA1003; 24KA0701
GroupedDBID ---
2WC
53G
5VS
7X7
88E
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
A8Z
AADQD
AAFWJ
AAHBH
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABUWG
ACUHS
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFZYC
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
BPHCQ
BVXVI
CCPQU
CITATION
DIK
E3Z
EBD
ESX
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
IHR
ITC
KQ8
LK8
M1P
M48
M7P
MODMG
M~E
O5R
O5S
OK1
PGMZT
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
RPM
TR2
TUS
UKHRP
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
PPXIY
PQGLB
PMFND
3V.
7U9
7XB
8FK
AZQEC
DWQXO
GNUQQ
H94
K9.
PJZUB
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
7X8
5PM
PUEGO
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-18b01b47479eecc0a095a04ac32be3bda23d38d5546e3ca0f7c02bc2b7dba4153
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 1999-4915
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:31:08 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 18:26:53 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 18:30:24 EDT 2025
Sat Aug 23 14:02:15 EDT 2025
Thu May 22 02:26:51 EDT 2025
Tue May 27 03:55:34 EDT 2025
Wed Jul 16 06:54:16 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 05:11:29 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 4
Keywords game meat
hepatitis E virus
Japanese serow
wild boar
sika deer
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c499t-18b01b47479eecc0a095a04ac32be3bda23d38d5546e3ca0f7c02bc2b7dba4153
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0003-2227-5315
0009-0008-2931-3349
0000-0002-4127-6287
0009-0005-7612-3749
0000-0002-7862-6658
0000-0002-7579-2212
0000-0002-8357-2498
0000-0002-3488-5439
OpenAccessLink http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.3390/v17040524
PMID 40284967
PQID 3194648871
PQPubID 2032319
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_80961d14a4cb45298c3cefafde474c84
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_12031028
proquest_miscellaneous_3195783881
proquest_journals_3194648871
gale_infotracmisc_A837691888
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A837691888
pubmed_primary_40284967
crossref_primary_10_3390_v17040524
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2025-04-04
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-04-04
PublicationDate_xml – month: 04
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-04-04
  day: 04
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle Viruses
PublicationTitleAlternate Viruses
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
References Raya (ref_21) 2024; 951
ref_50
Li (ref_35) 2015; 96
Li (ref_32) 2005; 11
Forgach (ref_24) 2010; 143
Woo (ref_11) 2016; 22
Takahashi (ref_37) 2022; 308
Lin (ref_22) 2014; 95
Loikkanen (ref_23) 2020; 12
Veneri (ref_9) 2024; 913
Crossan (ref_8) 2012; 18
Patra (ref_4) 2007; 147
Smith (ref_36) 2020; 101
Neumann (ref_40) 2016; 52
Takahashi (ref_48) 2024; 348
Takahashi (ref_12) 2020; 287
Choi (ref_41) 2013; 19
Mendoza (ref_26) 2022; 84
Widen (ref_30) 2014; 11
Zhang (ref_18) 2019; 72
ref_29
Ishida (ref_20) 2012; 157
ref_27
Boadella (ref_25) 2010; 16
Sugiyama (ref_13) 2023; 95
Dalton (ref_5) 2018; 68
Takahashi (ref_14) 2014; 44
Ponterio (ref_38) 2017; 64
Tanaka (ref_45) 2024; 64
Frias (ref_19) 2021; 13
Kukielka (ref_39) 2016; 63
Jothikumar (ref_33) 2006; 131
ref_34
ref_31
Kanda (ref_51) 2024; 54
Zhao (ref_17) 2009; 81
Purdy (ref_3) 2022; 103
Yonemitsu (ref_28) 2016; 238
Proroga (ref_10) 2018; 10
Nagashima (ref_2) 2017; 91
ref_44
Okita (ref_47) 2012; 53
ref_42
Thiry (ref_6) 2017; 64
ref_1
Kamar (ref_7) 2017; 3
Nakamura (ref_16) 2006; 34
Slukinova (ref_43) 2021; 21
Wu (ref_49) 2022; 14
Tei (ref_15) 2003; 362
Nakagawa (ref_46) 2020; 61
References_xml – volume: 95
  start-page: 557
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: Novel hepatitis E like virus found in Swedish moose
  publication-title: J. Gen. Virol.
  doi: 10.1099/vir.0.059238-0
– volume: 84
  start-page: 992
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_26
  article-title: Nationwide survey of hepatitis E virus infection among wildlife in Japan
  publication-title: J. Vet. Med. Sci.
  doi: 10.1292/jvms.22-0237
– volume: 21
  start-page: 546
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_43
  article-title: Serological Evidence of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation Among Reindeer and Reindeer Herders
  publication-title: Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis.
  doi: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2727
– volume: 11
  start-page: 90
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_30
  article-title: PCR detection and analysis of potentially zoonotic Hepatitis E virus in French rats
  publication-title: Virol. J.
  doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-11-90
– volume: 913
  start-page: 169698
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: Detection and full genomic sequencing of rare hepatitis E virus genotype 4d in Italian wastewater, undetected by clinical surveillance
  publication-title: Sci. Total Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169698
– volume: 362
  start-page: 371
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_15
  article-title: Zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus from deer to human beings
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14025-1
– volume: 147
  start-page: 28
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with acute hepatitis E virus infection
  publication-title: Ann. Intern. Med.
  doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-147-1-200707030-00005
– volume: 61
  start-page: 270
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_46
  article-title: A case of autochthonous hepatitis E infected with subgenotype 4a hepatitis E virus endemic in China without overseas travel
  publication-title: Kanzo
  doi: 10.2957/kanzo.61.270
– volume: 95
  start-page: e28886
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: Nationwide epidemiologic and genetic surveillance of hepatitis E in Japan, 2014–2021
  publication-title: J. Med. Virol.
  doi: 10.1002/jmv.28886
– ident: ref_31
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225583
– ident: ref_1
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1958
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_32
  article-title: Hepatitis E virus transmission from wild boar meat
  publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis.
  doi: 10.3201/eid1112.051041
– volume: 10
  start-page: 127
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: First Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Shellfish and in Seawater from Production Areas in Southern Italy
  publication-title: Food Environ. Virol.
  doi: 10.1007/s12560-017-9319-z
– volume: 34
  start-page: 137
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: Hepatitis E virus infection in wild mongooses of Okinawa, Japan: Demonstration of anti-HEV antibodies and a full-genome nucleotide sequence
  publication-title: Hepatol. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.hepres.2005.10.010
– volume: 157
  start-page: 2363
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: Detection and molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus in clinical, environmental and putative animal sources
  publication-title: Arch. Virol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00705-012-1422-8
– volume: 14
  start-page: 100376
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_49
  article-title: An occupational risk of hepatitis E virus infection in the workers along the meat supply chains in Guangzhou, China
  publication-title: One Health
  doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100376
– volume: 53
  start-page: 534
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_47
  article-title: A case of acute hepatitis E (genotype 4) after eating uncooked meat and liver of wild boar captured in Yamaguchi prefecture, with a viral genome relatively closer to a Chinese isolate than to Japanese strains
  publication-title: Jpn. Soc. Hepatol.
  doi: 10.2957/kanzo.53.534
– volume: 19
  start-page: 309
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_41
  article-title: Genotype-4 hepatitis E in a human after ingesting roe deer meat in South Korea
  publication-title: Clin. Mol. Hepatol.
  doi: 10.3350/cmh.2013.19.3.309
– volume: 91
  start-page: e00822-17
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_2
  article-title: Characterization of the Quasi-Enveloped Hepatitis E Virus Particles Released by the Cellular Exosomal Pathway
  publication-title: J. Virol.
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.00822-17
– volume: 143
  start-page: 106
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: Detection of hepatitis E virus in samples of animal origin collected in Hungary
  publication-title: Vet. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.11.004
– volume: 22
  start-page: 2219
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: New Hepatitis E Virus Genotype in Bactrian Camels, Xinjiang, China, 2013
  publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis.
  doi: 10.3201/eid2212.160979
– volume: 16
  start-page: 1994
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_25
  article-title: Increasing contact with hepatitis E virus in red deer, Spain
  publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis.
  doi: 10.3201/eid1612.100557
– volume: 18
  start-page: 2085
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in shellfish, United Kingdom
  publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis.
  doi: 10.3201/eid1812.120924
– volume: 96
  start-page: 1320
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_35
  article-title: Construction and characterization of an infectious cDNA clone of rat hepatitis E virus
  publication-title: J. Gen. Virol.
  doi: 10.1099/vir.0.000072
– volume: 72
  start-page: 429
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: High Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Imported Cynomolgus Monkeys in Japan
  publication-title: Jpn. J. Infect. Dis.
  doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2019.129
– ident: ref_34
  doi: 10.3390/v15061322
– ident: ref_42
  doi: 10.3390/vetsci9030100
– volume: 348
  start-page: 199438
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_48
  article-title: Recent decline in hepatitis E virus prevalence among wild boars in Japan: Probably due to countermeasures implemented in response to outbreaks of classical swine fever virus infection
  publication-title: Virus Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199438
– volume: 64
  start-page: 37
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_6
  article-title: Hepatitis E Virus and Related Viruses in Animals
  publication-title: Transbound. Emerg. Dis.
  doi: 10.1111/tbed.12351
– volume: 3
  start-page: 17086
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: Hepatitis E virus infection
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers
  doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.86
– volume: 44
  start-page: 43
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Features of hepatitis E virus infection in humans and animals in Japan
  publication-title: Hepatol. Res.
  doi: 10.1111/hepr.12175
– volume: 68
  start-page: 1256
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on hepatitis E virus infection
  publication-title: J. Hepatol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.005
– volume: 951
  start-page: 175473
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_21
  article-title: Prevalence of hepatitis A and E viruses in wastewater in Asian countries
  publication-title: Sci. Total Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175473
– volume: 308
  start-page: 198645
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_37
  article-title: Identification of hepatitis E virus in wild sika deer in Japan
  publication-title: Virus Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198645
– volume: 52
  start-page: 106
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_40
  article-title: Serologic and Molecular Survey of Hepatitis E Virus in German Deer Populations
  publication-title: J. Wildl. Dis.
  doi: 10.7589/2014-12-282
– volume: 81
  start-page: 1371
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: A novel genotype of hepatitis E virus prevalent among farmed rabbits in China
  publication-title: J. Med. Virol.
  doi: 10.1002/jmv.21536
– ident: ref_27
  doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109275
– ident: ref_29
  doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1328284
– volume: 101
  start-page: 692
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_36
  article-title: Update: Proposed reference sequences for subtypes of hepatitis E virus (species Orthohepevirus A)
  publication-title: J. Gen. Virol.
  doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001435
– volume: 64
  start-page: 137
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_38
  article-title: Presence of Hepatitis E Virus in a RED Deer (Cervus elaphus) Population in Central Italy
  publication-title: Transbound. Emerg. Dis.
  doi: 10.1111/tbed.12353
– volume: 54
  start-page: 1
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_51
  article-title: Recent advances in hepatitis E virus research and the Japanese clinical practice guidelines for hepatitis E virus infection
  publication-title: Hepatol. Res.
  doi: 10.1111/hepr.14062
– volume: 103
  start-page: 001778
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hepeviridae 2022
  publication-title: J. Gen. Virol.
  doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001778
– volume: 64
  start-page: 335
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_45
  article-title: Universal nucleic acid donor screening revealed epidemiological features of hepatitis E and prevented transfusion-transmitted infection in Japan
  publication-title: Transfusion
  doi: 10.1111/trf.17696
– ident: ref_50
  doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247467
– volume: 131
  start-page: 65
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_33
  article-title: A broadly reactive one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for rapid and sensitive detection of hepatitis E virus
  publication-title: J. Virol. Methods
  doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.07.004
– volume: 287
  start-page: 198106
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_12
  article-title: Prevalence and genotype/subtype distribution of hepatitis E virus (HEV) among wild boars in Japan: Identification of a genotype 5 HEV strain
  publication-title: Virus Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198106
– volume: 238
  start-page: 56
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_28
  article-title: Simple and specific method for detection of antibodies against hepatitis E virus in mammalian species
  publication-title: J. Virol. Methods
  doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.07.030
– volume: 13
  start-page: 100304
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Global molecular diversity of Hepatitis E virus in wild boar and domestic pig
  publication-title: One Health
  doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100304
– volume: 12
  start-page: 333
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_23
  article-title: Antibodies Against Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in European Moose and White-Tailed Deer in Finland
  publication-title: Food Environ. Virol.
  doi: 10.1007/s12560-020-09442-0
– ident: ref_44
  doi: 10.3390/pathogens11101124
– volume: 63
  start-page: e360
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_39
  article-title: Constant Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Circulation in Wild Boar and Red Deer in Spain: An Increasing Concern Source of HEV Zoonotic Transmission
  publication-title: Transbound. Emerg. Dis.
  doi: 10.1111/tbed.12311
SSID ssj0066907
Score 2.3813574
Snippet Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen with multiple hosts, posing significant public health risks, especially in regions like Japan where game meat...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 524
SubjectTerms Animals
Antibodies
Communication
Deer
Deer - virology
Disease transmission
Diseases
Enzymes
Feces
Feces - virology
Food consumption
game meat
Genetic analysis
Genotype
Hepatitis
Hepatitis Antibodies - blood
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E - epidemiology
Hepatitis E - veterinary
Hepatitis E - virology
hepatitis E virus
Hepatitis E virus - classification
Hepatitis E virus - genetics
Hepatitis E virus - immunology
Hepatitis E virus - isolation & purification
Hogs
Japan - epidemiology
Japanese serow
Phylogeny
Prevention
Public health
Ribonucleic acid
Risk factors
RNA
RNA, Viral - genetics
sika deer
Sus scrofa - virology
Swine
Swine Diseases - epidemiology
Swine Diseases - virology
Thermal cycling
Ungulates
Virus Shedding
Wild boar
Zoonoses
Zoonoses - virology
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals - May need to register for free articles
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Li9RAEC5kQfAivo2u0orgKWz6kXTnuCu7jAvqxZG9Nf0KzqVn2ZkR_PdWdTLDBA9evKarSfJV14tUvgL4oLuBO2Nk7Vre1coMsvYYdeo-Jsw3GhlaV9g-v3aLpbq-aW-ORn1RT9hIDzwCd2ZoJknkyqng6SOhCTKkwQ0xKa2CKUygGPP2xdTogzuq-UYeIYl3PPvFNR7WVqhZ9Ckk_X-74qNYNO-TPAo8V4_g4ZQxsvPxSR_DvZSfwP1xhuTvp_AFEz_cyBaJeqO3qw27ZD9Wd7sN-zz1WWW2ygytP7KLNZaxzOXIvlHex5a5DKJPG5K4xrCZn8Hy6vL7p0U9zUioA9Yq25obhNYjFLpPqI3GYcrkGuWCFD5JH52QUZpIvWhJBtcMOjTCB-F19A6Dt3wOJ3md00tgSgmVep64b7VqHEKY1KBTgwELw5tRFbzfY2dvRyoMiyUEAWwPAFdwQageBIi9ulxAndpJp_ZfOq3gI-nEko0h8MFNvwrgcxJblT3HqrrrORbvFZzOJNE2wnx5r1U72ebGotNRHfotzSt4d1imndRvltN6V2TQlUljUObFeAgOr4QVt1F9pysws-Mxe-f5Sl79LMzdXBATqzCv_gdKr-GBoGHEpZPoFE62d7v0BjOkrX9bjOEP1acNDQ
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: Health & Medical Collection
  dbid: 7X7
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3db9QwDI9gCAkJTTC-OjYUEBJP1ZombdIntE2bxiTghUP3FuWr417Scb1D4r_HTntlFRKPbdyP2I7tX-rahLyXdcuMUjw3FatzoVqeW_A6eeMDxBsFd5VJ1T6_1FcLcb2sluOGWz-mVe5sYjLUvnO4R34CqiJq0DbJPt7-zLFrFH5dHVto3CcPsHQZarVcToCrRuQ3VBPi8NyTX0yCylalmPmgVKr_X4N8xyPNsyXvuJ_LJ2R_jBvp6SDop-ReiAfk4dBJ8vcBeTxsv9Hhr6Jn5DOEg3AjOMaM6c2qpxf0-2q97emnMfsq0lWkYBM8PesA3FITPf2K0SBdxNSePvRIcQ3OND4ni8uLb-dX-dg5IXeAYDY5U8BwKwAqNAFkVBgIpEwhjOOlDdx6U3LPlccMtcCdKVrpitK60kpvDbh0_oLsxS6GV4QKUYrQsMBsJUVhgKVBtDIU4MbA6SmRkXc7XurboUCGBmCBDNcTwzNyhlyeCLCmdTrRrW_0uES0wu4zngkjnMXPwcpxF1rT-gATcfikDygjjSsPBOHM-AMBvCfWsNKngLXrhgGkz8jRjBJWjJsP76SsxxXb67_6lZG30zBeiVloMXTbRAMGjisFNC8HpZimBDhciaaWGVEzdZnNeT4SVz9SPW9WYn3WUh3-_71ek0clNh9OmUNHZG-z3oZjiIg29k1S-z8XKwkS
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Recent Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Wild Boars and Other Ungulates in Japan
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40284967
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3194648871
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3195783881
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12031028
https://doaj.org/article/80961d14a4cb45298c3cefafde474c84
Volume 17
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwdV1Lj9MwEB7tQ6C9IN4ElsogJE6BOHYT54DQFnUpK-2CEEW9RbbjQCXkQh-I_ffMOA82Ai491JM0_jyemS-ezgA8y7Oaa6VErMc8i6WqRWzQ68RF5TDeSIQd61Dt8yKbzeXZYrzYg67HZgvg5p_UjvpJzdffXvz6cfkaN_wrYpx4v5c_eY6qOE7lPhyiQ8qpkcG57A8TMiKATVGhofgRXEf2pGQRmsz_8UqheP_fJvqKjxrmT15xSKc34UYbSbKTZulvwZ7zt-Fa01vy8g6cY0CIF7KZo5zp7XLDpuzzcr3bsHdt_pVnS8_QKlRsskIMmPYVe0_xIJv70KDebUjiDN2pvwvz0-mnN7O47Z0QW-Qw25grhNxIJAuFw1VKNIZSOpHaitQ4YSqdikqoinLUnLA6qXObpMamJq-MRqcu7sGBX3n3AJiUqXQFd9yMc5loRNPJOncJOjJ0e0pG8LTDrvzelMgokVoQ1mWPdQQTQrUXoKrW4YvV-kvZbpJSUf-ZikstraEDYWWFdbWuK4cTsfRLz2lNStIGBN7q9i8E-JxUxao8QbadFRxJfQTHA0ncM3Y43K1q2alcicZIZmjPch7Bk36YrqQ8NO9WuyCDJk4ohTL3GyXop9TpUgRqoB6DOQ9H_PJrqOjNU6rQmqqH_73pIzhKqfNwSBs6hoPteuceYzi0NSPYzxf5CA4n04sPH0fhpQJ-vl3wUdgGvwFE5Qm4
linkProvider Scholars Portal
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9RADLZKEQIJISivQIEBgThFzTySTA4ItdBqty8uXbS3MJlMyl6SstkF9U_xG7HzohEStx6z401mPLY_O_HYAG_jqOBGa-mbkEe-0oX0M0QdP8kd-huBtKFpqn2eRpOZOpyH8w343Z-FobTK3iY2hjqvLL0j30FRURFKW8w_XvzwqWsUfV3tW2i0YnHkLn9hyFZ_mH7G_X0nxMH-2aeJ33UV8C169yufa5xMptCNThzOPzDoZJhAGStF5mSWGyFzqXPK3nLSmqCIbSAyK7I4zwzCncT73oCbCLwBBXvxfAjwIoo02-pFEte585PHqCKhUCPMa1oD_AsAVxBwnJ15Be4O7sO9zk9lu61gPYANV27BrbZz5eUW3G1f97H2FNNDOEH3E2-E15ShvVrUbJ99XSzXNZt22V4lW5QMbVDO9ioMppkpc_aFvE82K8-ph5irieIQwbt8BLNr4elj2Cyr0j0FppRQLuGOZ2GsAoMsdaqIXYCwiSCrlQdvel6mF21BjhQDGWJ4OjDcgz3i8kBANbSbH6rledqpZKqp203OlVE2o8_P2krrClPkDhdi6UnvaY9S0nTcCGu6Aws4T6qZle5ibB8lXGvtwfaIEjXUjof7XU47C1Gnf-XZg9fDMP2Tst5KV60bGjSoUmukedIKxbAkjPu1SqLYAz0Sl9GaxyPl4ntTP5wLqgcr9LP_z-sV3J6cnRynx9PTo-dwR1Dj4yZraRs2V8u1e4He2Cp72agAg2_XrXN_AEMmRuc
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3db9MwED-NTqBJCMH4CgwwCMRT1MR2EucBoZW1WjcoE6Job8FxnK0vyWha0P41_jru8lEWIfG2x9TXxHe-8-8uOd8BvI7C3NdKCVcHfuhKlQs3RdRx48yiv-EJE-i62ucsPJzLo9PgdAt-d2dhKK2y2xPrjTorDb0jH6KqyBC1LfKHeZsWcXIweX_xw6UOUvSltWun0ajIsb38heFb9W56gGv9hvPJ-OuHQ7ftMOAa9PRXrq9wYqlElzq2yIun0eHQntRG8NSKNNNcZEJllMllhdFeHhmPp4anUZZqhD6B970B2xFFRQPYHo1nJ186HAgp7mxqGQnkevjTj9BgAi57CFg3CvgXDq7gYT9X8wr4Te7CndZrZfuNmt2DLVvsws2mj-XlLtxuXv6x5kzTffiEzijeCK8pX3u1qNiYfVss1xWbtrlfBVsUDHekjI1KDK2ZLjL2mXxRNi_OqKOYrYjiCKG8eADza5HqQxgUZWEfA5OSSxv71k8DFLJGkVqZR9ZDEEXIVdKBV50sk4umPEeCYQ0JPNkI3IERSXlDQBW16x_K5VnSGmiiqPdN5kstTUofo5URxuY6zywyYuhJb2mNErJ7XAij2-MLOE-qoJXsY6Qfxr5SyoG9HiXaq-kPd6uctPtFlfzVbgdebobpn5QDV9hyXdPg9iqUQppHjVJsWJLoJso4jBxQPXXp8dwfKRbndTVxn1N1WK6e_H9eL-AW2lvycTo7fgo7nLog1ylMezBYLdf2Gbpmq_R5awMMvl-32f0BB5BMgg
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Recent+Hepatitis+E+Virus+Infection+in+Wild+Boars+and+Other+Ungulates+in+Japan&rft.jtitle=Viruses&rft.au=Virhuez-Mendoza%2C+Milagros&rft.au=Ishijima%2C+Keita&rft.au=Tatemoto%2C+Kango&rft.au=Kuroda%2C+Yudai&rft.date=2025-04-04&rft.eissn=1999-4915&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fv17040524&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F40284967&rft.externalDocID=40284967
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon