Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of linezolid for the treatment of staphylococcal infections in critically ill patients
Highlights • Factors influencing the efficacy of linezolid treatment were analysed. • The target for successful treatment in critically staphylococcal infectious patients was determined based on PK/PD. • The target of AUC24 /MIC (120.5) was required to achieve 80% staphylococcal eradication. • The P...
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| Published in | International journal of antimicrobial agents Vol. 48; no. 3; pp. 259 - 264 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Elsevier B.V
01.09.2016
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| Abstract | Highlights • Factors influencing the efficacy of linezolid treatment were analysed. • The target for successful treatment in critically staphylococcal infectious patients was determined based on PK/PD. • The target of AUC24 /MIC (120.5) was required to achieve 80% staphylococcal eradication. • The PTA for successful treatment was not achieved with the standard dosing regimen (600 mg every 12 h) at MIC > 1 mg/L. • For staphylococci, high doses may be needed to improve outcomes at MIC > 1 mg/L in critically ill patients. |
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| AbstractList | Several studies have demonstrated that the ideal therapeutic effect of linezolid cannot be achieved in critically ill patients with the recommended standard dosing regimen of 600 mg every 12 h (q12h). Moreover, the optimal strategy for successful treatment is still lacking. This study analysed factors influencing the efficacy of linezolid treatment and determined the target for successful treatment by logistic regression in 27 critically ill patients with staphylococcal infection who received linezolid 600 mg q12h. The results showed that only the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC24/MIC) ratio was significantly associated with staphylococcal eradication. Reaching 80% bacterial eradication required an AUC24/MIC of 120.5, defining the therapeutic target. Different dosing regimens were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation to determine the optimal dosage strategy for linezolid. Although the probability of target attainment (PTA) was high (>99.9%) for the standard dosing regimen at MIC ≤ 1 mg/L, the PTA was almost 0 at MIC = 2 mg/L, thus the dosing regimen required adjustment. In addition, if the dosing regimen was adjusted to 600 mg every 8 h or 600 mg every 6 h, the major staphylococci (except for MRSA and MSSA) exhibited a cumulative fraction of response of >80%, showing a higher treatment success. These findings indicate that a strategy of high linezolid dosage may be needed to increase the probability of successful treatment at MIC > 1 mg/L. The role of therapeutic drug monitoring should be encouraged for optimising linezolid exposure in critically ill patients. Highlights • Factors influencing the efficacy of linezolid treatment were analysed. • The target for successful treatment in critically staphylococcal infectious patients was determined based on PK/PD. • The target of AUC24 /MIC (120.5) was required to achieve 80% staphylococcal eradication. • The PTA for successful treatment was not achieved with the standard dosing regimen (600 mg every 12 h) at MIC > 1 mg/L. • For staphylococci, high doses may be needed to improve outcomes at MIC > 1 mg/L in critically ill patients. •Factors influencing the efficacy of linezolid treatment were analysed.•The target for successful treatment in critically staphylococcal infectious patients was determined based on PK/PD.•The target of AUC24/MIC (120.5) was required to achieve 80% staphylococcal eradication.•The PTA for successful treatment was not achieved with the standard dosing regimen (600 mg every 12 h) at MIC > 1 mg/L.•For staphylococci, high doses may be needed to improve outcomes at MIC > 1 mg/L in critically ill patients. Several studies have demonstrated that the ideal therapeutic effect of linezolid cannot be achieved in critically ill patients with the recommended standard dosing regimen of 600 mg every 12 h (q12h). Moreover, the optimal strategy for successful treatment is still lacking. This study analysed factors influencing the efficacy of linezolid treatment and determined the target for successful treatment by logistic regression in 27 critically ill patients with staphylococcal infection who received linezolid 600 mg q12h. The results showed that only the 24-h area under the concentration–time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC24/MIC) ratio was significantly associated with staphylococcal eradication. Reaching 80% bacterial eradication required an AUC24/MIC of 120.5, defining the therapeutic target. Different dosing regimens were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation to determine the optimal dosage strategy for linezolid. Although the probability of target attainment (PTA) was high (>99.9%) for the standard dosing regimen at MIC ≤ 1 mg/L, the PTA was almost 0 at MIC = 2 mg/L, thus the dosing regimen required adjustment. In addition, if the dosing regimen was adjusted to 600 mg every 8 h or 600 mg every 6 h, the major staphylococci (except for MRSA and MSSA) exhibited a cumulative fraction of response of >80%, showing a higher treatment success. These findings indicate that a strategy of high linezolid dosage may be needed to increase the probability of successful treatment at MIC > 1 mg/L. The role of therapeutic drug monitoring should be encouraged for optimising linezolid exposure in critically ill patients. Several studies have demonstrated that the ideal therapeutic effect of linezolid cannot be achieved in critically ill patients with the recommended standard dosing regimen of 600 mg every 12 h (q12h). Moreover, the optimal strategy for successful treatment is still lacking. This study analysed factors influencing the efficacy of linezolid treatment and determined the target for successful treatment by logistic regression in 27 critically ill patients with staphylococcal infection who received linezolid 600 mg q12h. The results showed that only the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC24/MIC) ratio was significantly associated with staphylococcal eradication. Reaching 80% bacterial eradication required an AUC24/MIC of 120.5, defining the therapeutic target. Different dosing regimens were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation to determine the optimal dosage strategy for linezolid. Although the probability of target attainment (PTA) was high (>99.9%) for the standard dosing regimen at MIC ≤ 1 mg/L, the PTA was almost 0 at MIC = 2 mg/L, thus the dosing regimen required adjustment. In addition, if the dosing regimen was adjusted to 600 mg every 8 h or 600 mg every 6 h, the major staphylococci (except for MRSA and MSSA) exhibited a cumulative fraction of response of >80%, showing a higher treatment success. These findings indicate that a strategy of high linezolid dosage may be needed to increase the probability of successful treatment at MIC > 1 mg/L. The role of therapeutic drug monitoring should be encouraged for optimising linezolid exposure in critically ill patients. |
| Author | Wang, Xue Chen, Lihong Zeng, Xiaoyan Sun, Jinyao Xie, Jiao Dong, Yalin Wang, Taotao Dong, Haiyan |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27474469$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Linezolid Staphylococcal infection Critically ill patients |
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| Snippet | Highlights • Factors influencing the efficacy of linezolid treatment were analysed. • The target for successful treatment in critically staphylococcal... •Factors influencing the efficacy of linezolid treatment were analysed.•The target for successful treatment in critically staphylococcal infectious patients... Several studies have demonstrated that the ideal therapeutic effect of linezolid cannot be achieved in critically ill patients with the recommended standard... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacokinetics Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Critical Illness Critically ill patients Drug Monitoring Female Humans Infectious Disease Linezolid Linezolid - administration & dosage Linezolid - pharmacokinetics Linezolid - pharmacology Male Microbial Sensitivity Tests Middle Aged Monte Carlo Method Retrospective Studies Staphylococcal infection Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy Staphylococcus - drug effects Time Factors Treatment Outcome Young Adult |
| Title | Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of linezolid for the treatment of staphylococcal infections in critically ill patients |
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