CD40 Activation Rescues Antiviral CD8+ T Cells from PD-1-Mediated Exhaustion

• Published in: PLoS pathogens Vol. 9; no. 7; p. e1003490
• Main Authors: Isogawa, Masanori, Chung, Josan, Murata, Yasuhiro, Kakimi, Kazuhiro, Chisari, Francis V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 2013; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Antigen Presentation; Antigens, Differentiation - genetics; Antigens, Differentiation - metabolism; Antigens, Viral - metabolism; Biology; CD40 Antigens - agonists; CD40 Antigens - genetics; CD40 Antigens - metabolism; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Dendritic Cells - immunology; Dendritic Cells - metabolism; Dendritic Cells - pathology; Dendritic Cells - virology; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; Hepatitis; Hepatitis B - immunology; Hepatitis B - metabolism; Hepatitis B - pathology; Hepatitis B - virology; Hepatitis B virus - immunology; Hepatitis B virus - physiology; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Immunology; Liver; Liver - immunology; Liver - metabolism; Liver - pathology; Liver - virology; Male; Medical research; Medicine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Transgenic; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - genetics; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - metabolism; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - genetics; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - metabolism; Rodents; T cell receptors; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - immunology; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - metabolism; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - pathology; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - virology

The intrahepatic immune environment is normally biased towards tolerance. Nonetheless, effective antiviral immune responses can be induced against hepatotropic pathogens. To examine the immunological basis of this paradox we studied the ability of hepatocellularly expressed hepatitis B virus (HBV) t...