Miniemulsion polymerization templates: A systematic comparison between low energy emulsification (Near-PIT) and ultrasound emulsification methods
[Display omitted] ▶ A low-energy emulsification method has been designed and showed to allow the preparation of polymeric particles smaller than usual miniemulsification methods (about 75nm). ▶ The performances of Near-PIT procedure were comparable to ultrasound emulsification. ▶ Contrary to usual P...
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Published in | Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects Vol. 374; no. 1-3; pp. 134 - 141 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Kidlington
Elsevier B.V
20.01.2011
Elsevier |
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Abstract | [Display omitted]
▶ A low-energy emulsification method has been designed and showed to allow the preparation of polymeric particles smaller than usual miniemulsification methods (about 75nm). ▶ The performances of Near-PIT procedure were comparable to ultrasound emulsification. ▶ Contrary to usual PIT methods, the Near-PIT procedure did not imply heating the samples at temperatures higher than PIT.
Poly(ethylene oxide)-covered polystyrene nanoparticles were prepared by free radical miniemulsion polymerization after using an original low energy emulsification procedure called Near-PIT method. This procedure consisted in heating the initial monomer emulsion up to a temperature close to the phase inversion temperature (PIT) but lower. The surfactants used were commercial Brij® 78 and Brij® 700 and mixtures of both. The Near-PIT method was showed to allow the preparation of nanoparticle suspensions with average diameters lower than 100nm and solid contents higher than 20wt% while avoiding heating the initial monomer emulsion above PIT like in usual low energy methods. The influences of various formulation and operating parameters were investigated. Finally, the Near-PIT method was compared to other well-known procedures for nanoparticle preparation, miniemulsion polymerization after ultrasound emulsification and macroemulsion polymerization under mechanical agitation. The performances of Near-PIT procedure were comparable to ultrasound emulsification. |
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AbstractList | Poly(ethylene oxide)-covered polystyrene nanoparticles were prepared by free radical miniemulsion polymerization after using an original low energy emulsification procedure called Near-PIT method. This procedure consisted in heating the initial monomer emulsion up to a temperature close to the phase inversion temperature (PIT) but lower. The surfactants used were commercial Brij® 78 and Brij® 700 and mixtures of both. The Near-PIT method was showed to allow the preparation of nanoparticle suspensions with average diameters lower than 100nm and solid contents higher than 20wt% while avoiding heating the initial monomer emulsion above PIT like in usual low energy methods. The influences of various formulation and operating parameters were investigated. Finally, the Near-PIT method was compared to other well-known procedures for nanoparticle preparation, miniemulsion polymerization after ultrasound emulsification and macroemulsion polymerization under mechanical agitation. The performances of Near-PIT procedure were comparable to ultrasound emulsification. Poly(ethylene oxide)-covered polystyrene nanoparticles were prepared by free radical miniemulsion polymerization after using an original low energy emulsification procedure called Near-PIT method. This procedure consisted in heating the initial monomer emulsion up to a temperature close to the phase inversion temperature (PIT) but lower. The surfactants used were commercial Brij super([registered]) 78 and Brij super([registered]) 700 and mixtures of both. The Near-PIT method was showed to allow the preparation of nanoparticle suspensions with average diameters lower than 100 nm and solid contents higher than 20 wt% while avoiding heating the initial monomer emulsion above PIT like in usual low energy methods. The influences of various formulation and operating parameters were investigated. Finally, the Near-PIT method was compared to other well-known procedures for nanoparticle preparation, miniemulsion polymerization after ultrasound emulsification and macroemulsion polymerization under mechanical agitation. The performances of Near-PIT procedure were comparable to ultrasound emulsification. Poly(ethylene oxide)-covered polystyrene nanoparticles were prepared by free radical miniemulsion polymerization after using an original low energy emulsification procedure called Near-PIT method. This procedure consisted in heating the initial monomer emulsion up to a temperature close to the phase inversion temperature (PIT) but lower. The surfactants used were commercial Brij (R) 78 and Brij (R) 700 and mixtures of both. The Near-PIT method was showed to allow the preparation of nanoparticle suspensions with average diameters lower than 100 nm and solid contents higher than 20 wt% while avoiding heating the initial monomer emulsion above PIT like in usual low energy methods. The influences of various formulation and operating parameters were investigated. Finally, the Near-PIT method was compared to other well-known procedures for nanoparticle preparation, miniemulsion polymerization after ultrasound emulsification and macroemulsion polymerization under mechanical agitation. The performances of Near-PIT procedure were comparable to ultrasound emulsification [Display omitted] ▶ A low-energy emulsification method has been designed and showed to allow the preparation of polymeric particles smaller than usual miniemulsification methods (about 75nm). ▶ The performances of Near-PIT procedure were comparable to ultrasound emulsification. ▶ Contrary to usual PIT methods, the Near-PIT procedure did not imply heating the samples at temperatures higher than PIT. Poly(ethylene oxide)-covered polystyrene nanoparticles were prepared by free radical miniemulsion polymerization after using an original low energy emulsification procedure called Near-PIT method. This procedure consisted in heating the initial monomer emulsion up to a temperature close to the phase inversion temperature (PIT) but lower. The surfactants used were commercial Brij® 78 and Brij® 700 and mixtures of both. The Near-PIT method was showed to allow the preparation of nanoparticle suspensions with average diameters lower than 100nm and solid contents higher than 20wt% while avoiding heating the initial monomer emulsion above PIT like in usual low energy methods. The influences of various formulation and operating parameters were investigated. Finally, the Near-PIT method was compared to other well-known procedures for nanoparticle preparation, miniemulsion polymerization after ultrasound emulsification and macroemulsion polymerization under mechanical agitation. The performances of Near-PIT procedure were comparable to ultrasound emulsification. |
Author | Galindo-Alvarez, Johanna Tribet, Christophe Marchal, Philippe Durand, Alain Boyd, David Marie-Bégué, Emmanuelle Sadtler, Véronique Perrin, Patrick |
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Keywords | Nanoparticles Miniemulsion polymerization Transitional phase inversion Low-energy emulsification method Nanoemulsion Agitation Emulsification Nanoparticle Polymerization Suspension Surfactant Free radical Solid Template Ethylene oxide polymer Emulsion Energy Heating Formulation Preparation Styrene polymer Monomer Ultrasound Diameter PHASE INVERSION TEMPERATURE AFFINITY INVERSION STABILITY EMULSION INVERSION OIL-WATER SYSTEMS NANOCAPSULES NONIONIC SURFACTANTS NANO-EMULSIONS NANOPARTICLES DROP SIZE |
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▶ A low-energy emulsification method has been designed and showed to allow the preparation of polymeric particles smaller than usual... Poly(ethylene oxide)-covered polystyrene nanoparticles were prepared by free radical miniemulsion polymerization after using an original low energy... |
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SubjectTerms | agitation Chemical and Process Engineering Chemistry coatings Colloidal state and disperse state emulsifying emulsions Emulsions. Microemulsions. Foams energy Engineering Sciences Exact sciences and technology General and physical chemistry heat Low-energy emulsification method Miniemulsion polymerization Nanoemulsion Nanoparticles phase transition Physical and chemical studies. Granulometry. Electrokinetic phenomena polymerization polystyrenes surfactants temperature Transitional phase inversion ultrasonics |
Title | Miniemulsion polymerization templates: A systematic comparison between low energy emulsification (Near-PIT) and ultrasound emulsification methods |
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