Estimated US infant exposures to 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters from consumption of infant formula

A dietary exposure assessment was conducted for 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) in infant formulas available for consumption in the United States. 3-MCPDE and GE are food contaminants generated during the deodorisation of refined edible oils, which are...

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Published inFood additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment Vol. 35; no. 6; pp. 1085 - 1092
Main Authors Spungen, Judith H., MacMahon, Shaun, Leigh, Jessica, Flannery, Brenna, Kim, Grace, Chirtel, Stuart, Smegal, Deborah
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Taylor & Francis 03.06.2018
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects
3-MCPD
Babies
Baby foods
Consumption
Contaminants
Diet
Edible oils
Esters
Exposure
Exposure assessment
Food
Food contamination
Food sources
glycidol
Glycidyl esters
infant formulae
Infant formulas
Infants
Rodents
United States > US
3-MCPD
infant formulae
Exposure assessment
glycidol
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Summary:A dietary exposure assessment was conducted for 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) in infant formulas available for consumption in the United States. 3-MCPDE and GE are food contaminants generated during the deodorisation of refined edible oils, which are used in infant formulas and other foods. 3-MCPDE and GE are of potential toxicological concern because these compounds are metabolised to free 3-MCPD and free glycidol in rodents and may have the same metabolic fate in humans. Free 3-MCPD and free glycidol have been found to cause adverse effects in rodents. Dietary exposures to 3-MCPDE and GE from consumption of infant formulas are of particular interest because formulas are the sole or primary food source for some infants. In this analysis, US Food and Drug Administration data on 3-MCPDE and GE concentrations (as 3-MCPD and glycidol equivalents, respectively) in a small convenience sample of infant formulas were used to estimate exposures from consumption of formula by infants 0-6 months of age. 3-MCPDE and GE exposures based on mean concentrations in all formulas were estimated at 7-10 and 2 µg/kg bw/day, respectively. Estimated mean exposures from consumption of formulas produced by individual manufacturers ranged from 1 to 14 µg/kg bw/day for 3-MCPDE and from 1 to 3 µg/kg for GE.
ISSN:1944-0049
1944-0057
DOI:10.1080/19440049.2018.1459051