Effects of digestate from anaerobically digested cattle slurry and plant materials on soil microbial community and emission of CO2 and N2O
► Incorporation of grass-clover in soil causes increased emission of N2O. ► Interaction of available organic C and mineral N governs release of greenhouse gas. ► Anaerobically digested manures/biomass do not impact soil fertility and microbiota. Anaerobic digestion of animal manure and crop residues...
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| Published in | Applied soil ecology : a section of Agriculture, ecosystems & environment Vol. 63; pp. 36 - 44 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Kidlington
Elsevier B.V
01.01.2013
Elsevier |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | ► Incorporation of grass-clover in soil causes increased emission of N2O. ► Interaction of available organic C and mineral N governs release of greenhouse gas. ► Anaerobically digested manures/biomass do not impact soil fertility and microbiota.
Anaerobic digestion of animal manure and crop residues may be employed to produce biogas as a climate-neutral source of energy and to recycle plant nutrients as fertilizers. However, especially organic farmers are concerned that fertilizing with the digestates may impact the soil microbiota and fertility because they contain more mineral nitrogen (N) and less organic carbon (C) than the non-digested input materials (e.g. raw animal slurry or fresh plant residues). Hence, an incubation study was performed where (1) water, (2) raw cattle slurry, (3) anaerobically digested cattle slurry/maize, (4) anaerobically digested cattle slurry/grass-clover, or (5) fresh grass-clover was applied to soil at arable realistic rates. Experimental unites were sequentially sampled destructively after 1, 3 and 9 days of incubation and the soil assayed for content of mineral N, available organic C, emission of CO2 and N2O, microbial phospholipid fatty acids (biomass and community composition) and catabolic response profiling (functional diversity). Fertilizing with the anaerobically digested materials increased the soil concentration of NO3− ca. 30–40% compared to when raw cattle slurry was applied. Grass-clover contributed with four times more readily degradable organic C than the other materials, causing an increased microbial biomass which depleted the soil for mineral N and probably also O2. Consequently, grass-clover also caused a ∼10 times increase in emissions of CO2 and N2O greenhouse gasses compared to any of the other treatments during the 9 days. Regarding microbial community composition, grass-clover induced the largest changes in microbial diversity measures compared to the controls, where raw cattle slurry and the two anaerobically digested materials (cattle slurry/maize, cattle slurry/grass-clover) only induced minor and transient changes. |
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| AbstractList | ► Incorporation of grass-clover in soil causes increased emission of N2O. ► Interaction of available organic C and mineral N governs release of greenhouse gas. ► Anaerobically digested manures/biomass do not impact soil fertility and microbiota.
Anaerobic digestion of animal manure and crop residues may be employed to produce biogas as a climate-neutral source of energy and to recycle plant nutrients as fertilizers. However, especially organic farmers are concerned that fertilizing with the digestates may impact the soil microbiota and fertility because they contain more mineral nitrogen (N) and less organic carbon (C) than the non-digested input materials (e.g. raw animal slurry or fresh plant residues). Hence, an incubation study was performed where (1) water, (2) raw cattle slurry, (3) anaerobically digested cattle slurry/maize, (4) anaerobically digested cattle slurry/grass-clover, or (5) fresh grass-clover was applied to soil at arable realistic rates. Experimental unites were sequentially sampled destructively after 1, 3 and 9 days of incubation and the soil assayed for content of mineral N, available organic C, emission of CO2 and N2O, microbial phospholipid fatty acids (biomass and community composition) and catabolic response profiling (functional diversity). Fertilizing with the anaerobically digested materials increased the soil concentration of NO3− ca. 30–40% compared to when raw cattle slurry was applied. Grass-clover contributed with four times more readily degradable organic C than the other materials, causing an increased microbial biomass which depleted the soil for mineral N and probably also O2. Consequently, grass-clover also caused a ∼10 times increase in emissions of CO2 and N2O greenhouse gasses compared to any of the other treatments during the 9 days. Regarding microbial community composition, grass-clover induced the largest changes in microbial diversity measures compared to the controls, where raw cattle slurry and the two anaerobically digested materials (cattle slurry/maize, cattle slurry/grass-clover) only induced minor and transient changes. Anaerobic digestion of animal manure and crop residues may be employed to produce biogas as a climate-neutral source of energy and to recycle plant nutrients as fertilizers. However, especially organic farmers are concerned that fertilizing with the digestates may impact the soil microbiota and fertility because they contain more mineral nitrogen (N) and less organic carbon (C) than the non-digested input materials (e.g. raw animal slurry or fresh plant residues). Hence, an incubation study was performed where (1) water, (2) raw cattle slurry, (3) anaerobically digested cattle slurry/maize, (4) anaerobically digested cattle slurry/grass-clover, or (5) fresh grass-clover was applied to soil at arable realistic rates. Experimental unites were sequentially sampled destructively after 1, 3 and 9 days of incubation and the soil assayed for content of mineral N, available organic C, emission of CO₂ and N₂O, microbial phospholipid fatty acids (biomass and community composition) and catabolic response profiling (functional diversity). Fertilizing with the anaerobically digested materials increased the soil concentration of NO₃ ⁻ ca. 30–40% compared to when raw cattle slurry was applied. Grass-clover contributed with four times more readily degradable organic C than the other materials, causing an increased microbial biomass which depleted the soil for mineral N and probably also O₂. Consequently, grass-clover also caused a ∼10 times increase in emissions of CO₂ and N₂O greenhouse gasses compared to any of the other treatments during the 9 days. Regarding microbial community composition, grass-clover induced the largest changes in microbial diversity measures compared to the controls, where raw cattle slurry and the two anaerobically digested materials (cattle slurry/maize, cattle slurry/grass-clover) only induced minor and transient changes. Anaerobic digestion of animal manure and crop residues may be employed to produce biogas as a climate-neutral source of energy and to recycle plant nutrients as fertilizers. However, especially organic farmers are concerned that fertilizing with the digestates may impact the soil microbiota and fertility because they contain more mineral nitrogen (N) and less organic carbon (C) than the non-digested input materials (e.g. raw animal slurry or fresh plant residues). Hence, an incubation study was performed where (1) water, (2) raw cattle slurry, (3) anaerobically digested cattle slurry/maize, (4) anaerobically digested cattle slurry/grass-clover, or (5) fresh grass-clover was applied to soil at arable realistic rates. Experimental unites were sequentially sampled destructively after 1, 3 and 9 days of incubation and the soil assayed for content of mineral N, available organic C, emission of CO2 and N2O, microbial phospholipid fatty acids (biomass and community composition) and catabolic response profiling (fiinctional diversity). Fertilizing with the anaerobically digested materials increased the soil concentration of NO3- ca. 30-40% compared to when raw cattle slurry was applied. Grass-clover contributed with four times more readily degradable organic C than the other materials, causing an increased microbial biomass which depleted the soil for mineral N and probably also O-2. Consequently, grass-clover also caused a 10 times increase in emissions of CO2 and N2O greenhouse gasses compared to any of the other treatments during the 9 days. Regarding microbial community composition, grass-clover induced the largest changes in microbial diversity measures compared to the controls, where raw cattle slurry and the two anaerobically digested materials (cattle slurry/maize, cattle slurry/grass-clover) only induced minor and transient changes. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Anaerobic digestion of animal manure and crop residues may be employed to produce biogas as a climate-neutral source of energy and to recycle plant nutrients as fertilizers. However, especially organic farmers are concerned that fertilizing with the digestates may impact the soil microbiota and fertility because they contain more mineral nitrogen (N) and less organic carbon (C) than the non-digested input materials (e.g. raw animal slurry or fresh plant residues). Hence, an incubation study was performed where (1) water, (2) raw cattle slurry, (3) anaerobically digested cattle slurry/maize, (4) anaerobically digested cattle slurry/grass-clover, or (5) fresh grass-clover was applied to soil at arable realistic rates. Experimental unites were sequentially sampled destructively after 1, 3 and 9 days of incubation and the soil assayed for content of mineral N, available organic C, emission of CO2 and N2O, microbial phospholipid fatty acids (biomass and community composition) and catabolic response profiling (functional diversity). Fertilizing with the anaerobically digested materials increased the soil concentration of NO3− ca. 30–40% compared to when raw cattle slurry was applied. Grass-clover contributed with four times more readily degradable organic C than the other materials, causing an increased microbial biomass which depleted the soil for mineral N and probably also O2. Consequently, grass-clover also caused a ∼10 times increase in emissions of CO2 and N2O greenhouse gasses compared to any of the other treatments during the 9 days. Regarding microbial community composition, grass-clover induced the largest changes in microbial diversity measures compared to the controls, where raw cattle slurry and the two anaerobically digested materials (cattle slurry/maize, cattle slurry/grass-clover) only induced minor and transient changes. |
| Author | Ambus, Per Johansen, Anders Carter, Mette S. Jensen, Erik S. Hauggard-Nielsen, Henrik |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Anders surname: Johansen fullname: Johansen, Anders email: ajo@dmu.dk organization: Department of Environmental Technology, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark – sequence: 2 givenname: Mette S. surname: Carter fullname: Carter, Mette S. organization: Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark – sequence: 3 givenname: Erik S. surname: Jensen fullname: Jensen, Erik S. organization: Department of Agrosystems, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 104, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: Henrik surname: Hauggard-Nielsen fullname: Hauggard-Nielsen, Henrik organization: Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark – sequence: 5 givenname: Per surname: Ambus fullname: Ambus, Per organization: Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark |
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| Keywords | Organic carbon Biogas and digestate Organic farming N2O emission Microbial community Nutrient recycling Microbial activity Gas emission Carbon dioxide Animal slurry Anaerobic digestion Biological material N Soil science Recycling Ungulata Bovine Biogas Ecology Soils Vertebrata Mammalia O emission Organic agriculture Plant origin Nutrient Artiodactyla Nitrogen protoxide |
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| Snippet | ► Incorporation of grass-clover in soil causes increased emission of N2O. ► Interaction of available organic C and mineral N governs release of greenhouse gas.... Anaerobic digestion of animal manure and crop residues may be employed to produce biogas as a climate-neutral source of energy and to recycle plant nutrients... |
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| SubjectTerms | Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions anaerobic digestion arable soils Biochemistry and biology biogas Biogas and digestate Biological and medical sciences carbon cattle cattle manure Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties community structure control methods corn crop residues Ecology Ekologi emissions energy farmers fatty acids fertilizers functional diversity Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology greenhouses microbial biomass microbial communities Microbial community Microbiology Mikrobiologi mineral soils N2O emission nitrogen nitrogen content Nutrient recycling nutrients Organic carbon Organic farming Organic matter phospholipids Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils soil fertility soil microorganisms Soil science |
| Title | Effects of digestate from anaerobically digested cattle slurry and plant materials on soil microbial community and emission of CO2 and N2O |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.09.003 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1420132311 https://res.slu.se/id/publ/40520 |
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