Diurnal variation in uptake and xylem contents of inorganic and assimilated N under continuous and interrupted N supply to Phleum pratense and Festuca pratensis
Compensation by dark‐period uptake of NH4+ and NO3– in the grasses Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. following N deprivation during the preceding light period was investigated in flowing solution culture under an artificial 10/14 h light/dark cycle. N was supplied as either NO3–, NH4+ o...
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| Published in | Journal of experimental botany Vol. 54; no. 381; pp. 431 - 444 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
01.01.2003
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford Publishing Limited (England) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Compensation by dark‐period uptake of NH4+ and NO3– in the grasses Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. following N deprivation during the preceding light period was investigated in flowing solution culture under an artificial 10/14 h light/dark cycle. N was supplied as either NO3–, NH4+ or NH4NO3 at 20±5 mmol m–3, available continuously or only during the dark period, for 5–10 d. Intermittent N supply did not affect total daily N uptake, growth rate or net partitioning of dry matter. Net uptake and influx of NO3– varied similarly throughout the diurnal cycle when NO3– was supplied continuously, with a marginal contribution by NO3– efflux. Influx was significantly higher and efflux slightly higher following interruption of NO3– supply during the light period. Nitrate accounted for 80% of N in xylem exudate except between hours 6–9 of the light period when the amino acid concentration increased 3‐fold, primarily as glutamine. Diurnal variation in relative NO3– uptake exhibited five phases of constant acceleration/deceleration, described reasonably well assuming NO3– influx was subject to metabolic co‐regulation by NO3– and amino acid levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots. Accordingly, influx is determined by variation in root NO3– levels throughout the dark period and the first half of the light period, but is down‐regulated by increased amino acid levels during the second half of the light period. The sharp light/dark transitions affect transpiration rate and hence xylem N flux which, in turn, affect NO3– levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots and the rate of NO3– assimilation in the shoot. |
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| AbstractList | Compensation by dark-period uptake of NH4(+) and NO3(-) in the grasses Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. following N deprivation during the preceding light period was investigated in flowing solution culture under an artificial 10/14 h light/dark cycle. N was supplied as either NO3(-), NH4(+) or NH4NO3 at 20 +/- 5 mmol m(-3), available continuously or only during the dark period, for 5-10 d. Intermittent N supply did not affect total daily N uptake, growth rate or net partitioning of dry matter. Net uptake and influx of NO3(-) varied similarly throughout the diurnal cycle when NO3(-) was supplied continuously, with a marginal contribution by NO3(-) efflux. Influx was significantly higher and efflux slightly higher following interruption of NO3(-) supply during the light period. Nitrate accounted for 80% of N in xylem exudate except between hours 6-9 of the light period when the amino acid concentration increased 3-fold, primarily as glutamine. Diurnal variation in relative NO3(-) uptake exhibited five phases of constant acceleration/deceleration, described reasonably well assuming NO3(-) influx was subject to metabolic co-regulation by NO3(-) and amino acid levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots. Accordingly, influx is determined by variation in root NO3(-) levels throughout the dark period and the first half of the light period, but is down-regulated by increased amino acid levels during the second half of the light period. The sharp light/dark transitions affect transpiration rate and hence xylem N flux which, in turn, affect NO3(-) levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots and the rate of NO3(-) assimilation in the shoot. Compensation by dark‐period uptake of NH4+ and NO3– in the grasses Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. following N deprivation during the preceding light period was investigated in flowing solution culture under an artificial 10/14 h light/dark cycle. N was supplied as either NO3–, NH4+ or NH4NO3 at 20±5 mmol m–3, available continuously or only during the dark period, for 5–10 d. Intermittent N supply did not affect total daily N uptake, growth rate or net partitioning of dry matter. Net uptake and influx of NO3– varied similarly throughout the diurnal cycle when NO3– was supplied continuously, with a marginal contribution by NO3– efflux. Influx was significantly higher and efflux slightly higher following interruption of NO3– supply during the light period. Nitrate accounted for 80% of N in xylem exudate except between hours 6–9 of the light period when the amino acid concentration increased 3‐fold, primarily as glutamine. Diurnal variation in relative NO3– uptake exhibited five phases of constant acceleration/deceleration, described reasonably well assuming NO3– influx was subject to metabolic co‐regulation by NO3– and amino acid levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots. Accordingly, influx is determined by variation in root NO3– levels throughout the dark period and the first half of the light period, but is down‐regulated by increased amino acid levels during the second half of the light period. The sharp light/dark transitions affect transpiration rate and hence xylem N flux which, in turn, affect NO3– levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots and the rate of NO3– assimilation in the shoot. Compensation by dark-period uptake of NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) in the grasses Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. following N deprivation during the preceding light period was investigated in flowing solution culture under an artificial 10/14 h light/dark cycle. N was supplied as either NO(3)(-), NH(4)(+) or NH(4)NO(3) at 20+/-5 mmol m(-3), available continuously or only during the dark period, for 5-10 d. Intermittent N supply did not affect total daily N uptake, growth rate or net partitioning of dry matter. Net uptake and influx of NO(3)(-) varied similarly throughout the diurnal cycle when NO(3)(-) was supplied continuously, with a marginal contribution by NO(3)(-) efflux. Influx was significantly higher and efflux slightly higher following interruption of NO(3)(-) supply during the light period. Nitrate accounted for 80% of N in xylem exudate except between hours 6-9 of the light period when the amino acid concentration increased 3-fold, primarily as glutamine. Diurnal variation in relative NO(3)(-) uptake exhibited five phases of constant acceleration/deceleration, described reasonably well assuming NO(3)(-) influx was subject to metabolic co-regulation by NO(3)(-) and amino acid levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots. Accordingly, influx is determined by variation in root NO(3)(-) levels throughout the dark period and the first half of the light period, but is down-regulated by increased amino acid levels during the second half of the light period. The sharp light/dark transitions affect transpiration rate and hence xylem N flux which, in turn, affect NO(3)(-) levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots and the rate of NO(3)(-) assimilation in the shoot. Compensation by dark-period uptake of NH4+ and NO3- in the grasses Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. following N deprivation during the preceding light period was investigated in flowing solution culture under an artificial 10/14 h light/dark cycle. N was supplied as either NO3-, NH4+ or NH4NO3 at 20+ or -5 mmol m-3, available continuously or only during the dark period, for 5-10 d. Intermittent N supply did not affect total daily N uptake, growth rate or net partitioning of dry matter. Net uptake and influx of NO3- varied similarly throughout the diurnal cycle when NO3- was supplied continuously, with a marginal contribution by NO3- efflux. Influx was significantly higher and efflux slightly higher following interruption of NO3- supply during the light period. Nitrate accounted for 80% of N in xylem exudate except between hours 6-9 of the light period when the amino acid concentration increased 3-fold, primarily as glutamine. Diurnal variation in relative NO3- uptake exhibited five phases of constant acceleration/deceleration, described reasonably well assuming NO3- influx was subject to metabolic co-regulation by NO3- and amino acid levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots. Accordingly, influx is determined by variation in root NO3- levels throughout the dark period and the first half of the light period, but is down-regulated by increased amino acid levels during the second half of the light period. The sharp light/dark transitions affect transpiration rate and hence xylem N flux which, in turn, affect NO3- levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots and the rate of NO3- assimilation in the shoot. Compensation by dark-period uptake of $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$ in the grasses Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. following N deprivation during the preceding light period was investigated in flowing solution culture under an artificial 10/14 h light/dark cycle. N was supplied as either $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$, $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}^{+}$ or NH4NO3 at 20±5 mmol m-3, available continuously or only during the dark period, for 5—10 d. Intermittent N supply did not affect total daily N uptake, growth rate or net partitioning of dry matter. Net uptake and influx of $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$ varied similarly throughout the diurnal cycle when $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$ was supplied continuously, with a marginal contribution by $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$ efflux. Influx was significantly higher and efflux slightly higher following interruption of $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$ supply during the light period. Nitrate accounted for 80% of N in xylem exudate except between hours 6—9 of the light period when the amino acid concentration increased 3-fold, primarily as glutamine. Diurnal variation in relative $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$ uptake exhibited five phases of constant acceleration/deceleration, described reasonably well assuming $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$ influx was subject to metabolic co-regulation by $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$ and amino acid levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots. Accordingly, influx is determined by variation in root $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$ levels throughout the dark period and the first half of the light period, but is down-regulated by increased amino acid levels during the second half of the light period. The sharp light/dark transitions affect transpiration rate and hence xylem N flux which, in turn, affect $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$ levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots and the rate of $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$ assimilation in the shoot. Compensation by dark-period uptake of NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) in the grasses Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. following N deprivation during the preceding light period was investigated in flowing solution culture under an artificial 10/14 h light/dark cycle. N was supplied as either NO(3)(-), NH(4)(+) or NH(4)NO(3) at 20+/-5 mmol m(-3), available continuously or only during the dark period, for 5-10 d. Intermittent N supply did not affect total daily N uptake, growth rate or net partitioning of dry matter. Net uptake and influx of NO(3)(-) varied similarly throughout the diurnal cycle when NO(3)(-) was supplied continuously, with a marginal contribution by NO(3)(-) efflux. Influx was significantly higher and efflux slightly higher following interruption of NO(3)(-) supply during the light period. Nitrate accounted for 80% of N in xylem exudate except between hours 6-9 of the light period when the amino acid concentration increased 3-fold, primarily as glutamine. Diurnal variation in relative NO(3)(-) uptake exhibited five phases of constant acceleration/deceleration, described reasonably well assuming NO(3)(-) influx was subject to metabolic co-regulation by NO(3)(-) and amino acid levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots. Accordingly, influx is determined by variation in root NO(3)(-) levels throughout the dark period and the first half of the light period, but is down-regulated by increased amino acid levels during the second half of the light period. The sharp light/dark transitions affect transpiration rate and hence xylem N flux which, in turn, affect NO(3)(-) levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots and the rate of NO(3)(-) assimilation in the shoot.Compensation by dark-period uptake of NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) in the grasses Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. following N deprivation during the preceding light period was investigated in flowing solution culture under an artificial 10/14 h light/dark cycle. N was supplied as either NO(3)(-), NH(4)(+) or NH(4)NO(3) at 20+/-5 mmol m(-3), available continuously or only during the dark period, for 5-10 d. Intermittent N supply did not affect total daily N uptake, growth rate or net partitioning of dry matter. Net uptake and influx of NO(3)(-) varied similarly throughout the diurnal cycle when NO(3)(-) was supplied continuously, with a marginal contribution by NO(3)(-) efflux. Influx was significantly higher and efflux slightly higher following interruption of NO(3)(-) supply during the light period. Nitrate accounted for 80% of N in xylem exudate except between hours 6-9 of the light period when the amino acid concentration increased 3-fold, primarily as glutamine. Diurnal variation in relative NO(3)(-) uptake exhibited five phases of constant acceleration/deceleration, described reasonably well assuming NO(3)(-) influx was subject to metabolic co-regulation by NO(3)(-) and amino acid levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots. Accordingly, influx is determined by variation in root NO(3)(-) levels throughout the dark period and the first half of the light period, but is down-regulated by increased amino acid levels during the second half of the light period. The sharp light/dark transitions affect transpiration rate and hence xylem N flux which, in turn, affect NO(3)(-) levels in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots and the rate of NO(3)(-) assimilation in the shoot. |
| Author | Macduff, J. H. Bakken, A. K. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: J. H. surname: Macduff fullname: Macduff, J. H. organization: Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Aberystwyth Research Centre, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: A. K. surname: Bakken fullname: Bakken, A. K. organization: Kvithamar Research Centre, N‐7500 Stjørdal, Norway |
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| Copyright | Society for Experimental Biology 2003 2003 INIST-CNRS Copyright Oxford University Press(England) Jan 02, 2003 |
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| Issue | 381 |
| Keywords | Monocotyledones Ammonium Xylem potassium Phleum pratense Available nutrient Amino acids Nitrates nitrate Inorganic element Festuca pratensis Regulation(control) Absorption Gramineae Angiospermae Chemical composition xylem composition ion uptake Nutrition Root influx Diurnal variation Nitrogen Metabolism efflux Aminoacid Nutrient Spermatophyta Application method Fodder crop Cytoplasm |
| Language | English |
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| Notes | ark:/67375/HXZ-D3SZPQC0-V Received 8 May 2002; Accepted 19 September 2002 3 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +44 (0)1970 828357. E‐mail: james.macduff@bbsrc.ac.uk istex:F0FE7EEAFAADD6D729C7845B51D117640F04B333 local:erg058 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
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| PublicationTitle | Journal of experimental botany |
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| Publisher | Oxford University Press OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford Publishing Limited (England) |
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| Snippet | Compensation by dark‐period uptake of NH4+ and NO3– in the grasses Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. following N deprivation during the preceding... Compensation by dark-period uptake of $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$ in the grasses Phleum pratense L. and Festuca... Compensation by dark-period uptake of NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) in the grasses Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. following N deprivation during the... Compensation by dark-period uptake of NH4+ and NO3- in the grasses Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. following N deprivation during the preceding... Compensation by dark-period uptake of NH4(+) and NO3(-) in the grasses Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. following N deprivation during the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Absorption. Translocation of ions and substances. Permeability Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Amino acids ammonium Ammonium nitrate Biological and medical sciences Circadian Rhythm cytoplasm diurnal variation Diurnal variations Dry matter Economic plant physiology efflux Festuca Festuca - metabolism Festuca pratensis Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gramineae Grasses influx ion uptake Key words: Amino acids Light metabolism nitrate Nitrates Nitrates - metabolism nitrogen Nitrogen - metabolism nitrogen content nutrient availability Nutrient solutions nutrient transport nutrient uptake Nutrition. Photosynthesis. Respiration. Metabolism Phleum Phleum - metabolism Phleum pratense Photophase Plant growth Plant physiology and development Plant roots Plants potassium Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Quaternary Ammonium Compounds - metabolism Research Papers: Plants and the Environment Roots Scotophase Transpiration Water and solutes. Absorption, translocation and permeability Xylem xylem composition |
| Title | Diurnal variation in uptake and xylem contents of inorganic and assimilated N under continuous and interrupted N supply to Phleum pratense and Festuca pratensis |
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