Top–down modulation of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in humans and rats

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the attenuation of the startle reflex when the sudden intense startling stimulus is shortly preceded by a weaker, non-startling sensory stimulus (prepulse). PPI reflects a protective function of reducing disruptive influences to the processing of prepulse signals and is...

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Published inNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews Vol. 33; no. 8; pp. 1157 - 1167
Main Authors Li, Liang, Du, Yi, Li, Nanxin, Wu, Xihong, Wu, Yanhong
Format Journal Article Conference Proceeding
LanguageEnglish
Published Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2009
Elsevier
Subjects
Acoustic Stimulation
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Amygdala
Animal model
Animals
Attention - physiology
Attentional modulation
Auditory fear conditioning
Behavioral psychophysiology
Biological and medical sciences
Brain - physiology
Cognition - physiology
Conditioning, Classical - physiology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Inferior colliculus
Inhibition (Psychology)
Medical sciences
Neural Inhibition - physiology
Prepulse inhibition
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Psychoses
Rats
Reaction Time - physiology
Reflex, Startle - physiology
Schizophrenia
Sensory Gating - physiology
Attentional modulation
Animal model
Amygdala
Inferior colliculus
Auditory fear conditioning
Schizophrenia
Prepulse inhibition
Affect affectivity
Rat
Central nervous system
Review
Startle reflex
Encephalon
Psychosis
Conditioning
Amygdaloid nucleus
Human
Rodentia
Attention
Basal ganglion
Emotion emotionality
Fear
Vertebrata
Hearing
Mammalia
Colliculus inferior
Animal
Auditory pathway
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Abstract Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the attenuation of the startle reflex when the sudden intense startling stimulus is shortly preceded by a weaker, non-startling sensory stimulus (prepulse). PPI reflects a protective function of reducing disruptive influences to the processing of prepulse signals and is recognized as a model of sensorimotor gating. In humans, PPI is modulated by both attentional and emotional responses to prepulse, indicating that this early-stage gating is top–down modulated by higher-order cognitive processes. Recent studies have confirmed top–down modulation of PPI in animals, because PPI in rats is enhanced by auditory fear conditioning and perceived separation between fear-conditioned prepulse and masker. This review summarizes recent studies of top–down modulation of PPI conducted in humans and those in rats. Since both baseline PPI and attentional modulation of PPI in patients with schizophrenia are impaired, and both baseline PPI and conditional modulation of PPI in rats with isolation rearing are impaired, this review emphasizes that investigation of top–down modulation of PPI is critical for establishing new animal models for studying both cognitive features and neural bases of schizophrenia. Deficits in either baseline PPI or attentional modulation of PPI in either patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or ADHD-modeling rats are also discussed.
AbstractList Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the attenuation of the startle reflex when the sudden intense startling stimulus is shortly preceded by a weaker, non-startling sensory stimulus (prepulse). PPI reflects a protective function of reducing disruptive influences to the processing of prepulse signals and is recognized as a model of sensorimotor gating. In humans, PPI is modulated by both attentional and emotional responses to prepulse, indicating that this early-stage gating is top-down modulated by higher-order cognitive processes. Recent studies have confirmed top-down modulation of PPI in animals, because PPI in rats is enhanced by auditory fear conditioning and perceived separation between fear-conditioned prepulse and masker. This review summarizes recent studies of top-down modulation of PPI conducted in humans and those in rats. Since both baseline PPI and attentional modulation of PPI in patients with schizophrenia are impaired, and both baseline PPI and conditional modulation of PPI in rats with isolation rearing are impaired, this review emphasizes that investigation of top-down modulation of PPI is critical for establishing new animal models for studying both cognitive features and neural bases of schizophrenia. Deficits in either baseline PPI or attentional modulation of PPI in either patients with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or ADHD-modeling rats are also discussed.
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the attenuation of the startle reflex when the sudden intense startling stimulus is shortly preceded by a weaker, non-startling sensory stimulus (prepulse). PPI reflects a protective function of reducing disruptive influences to the processing of prepulse signals and is recognized as a model of sensorimotor gating. In humans, PPI is modulated by both attentional and emotional responses to prepulse, indicating that this early-stage gating is top-down modulated by higher-order cognitive processes. Recent studies have confirmed top-down modulation of PPI in animals, because PPI in rats is enhanced by auditory fear conditioning and perceived separation between fear-conditioned prepulse and masker. This review summarizes recent studies of top-down modulation of PPI conducted in humans and those in rats. Since both baseline PPI and attentional modulation of PPI in patients with schizophrenia are impaired, and both baseline PPI and conditional modulation of PPI in rats with isolation rearing are impaired, this review emphasizes that investigation of top-down modulation of PPI is critical for establishing new animal models for studying both cognitive features and neural bases of schizophrenia. Deficits in either baseline PPI or attentional modulation of PPI in either patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or ADHD-modeling rats are also discussed.Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the attenuation of the startle reflex when the sudden intense startling stimulus is shortly preceded by a weaker, non-startling sensory stimulus (prepulse). PPI reflects a protective function of reducing disruptive influences to the processing of prepulse signals and is recognized as a model of sensorimotor gating. In humans, PPI is modulated by both attentional and emotional responses to prepulse, indicating that this early-stage gating is top-down modulated by higher-order cognitive processes. Recent studies have confirmed top-down modulation of PPI in animals, because PPI in rats is enhanced by auditory fear conditioning and perceived separation between fear-conditioned prepulse and masker. This review summarizes recent studies of top-down modulation of PPI conducted in humans and those in rats. Since both baseline PPI and attentional modulation of PPI in patients with schizophrenia are impaired, and both baseline PPI and conditional modulation of PPI in rats with isolation rearing are impaired, this review emphasizes that investigation of top-down modulation of PPI is critical for establishing new animal models for studying both cognitive features and neural bases of schizophrenia. Deficits in either baseline PPI or attentional modulation of PPI in either patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or ADHD-modeling rats are also discussed.
Author Wu, Xihong
Du, Yi
Li, Liang
Wu, Yanhong
Li, Nanxin
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  fullname: Du, Yi
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  givenname: Nanxin
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  givenname: Xihong
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  givenname: Yanhong
  surname: Wu
  fullname: Wu, Yanhong
BackLink http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21981082$$DView record in Pascal Francis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19747594$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Fri Feb 23 02:22:18 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 8
Keywords Attentional modulation
Animal model
Amygdala
Inferior colliculus
Auditory fear conditioning
Schizophrenia
Prepulse inhibition
Affect affectivity
Rat
Central nervous system
Review
Startle reflex
Encephalon
Psychosis
Conditioning
Amygdaloid nucleus
Human
Rodentia
Attention
Basal ganglion
Emotion emotionality
Fear
Vertebrata
Hearing
Mammalia
Colliculus inferior
Animal
Auditory pathway
Language English
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Snippet Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the attenuation of the startle reflex when the sudden intense startling stimulus is shortly preceded by a weaker, non-startling...
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elsevier
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StartPage 1157
SubjectTerms Acoustic Stimulation
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Amygdala
Animal model
Animals
Attention - physiology
Attentional modulation
Auditory fear conditioning
Behavioral psychophysiology
Biological and medical sciences
Brain - physiology
Cognition - physiology
Conditioning, Classical - physiology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Inferior colliculus
Inhibition (Psychology)
Medical sciences
Neural Inhibition - physiology
Prepulse inhibition
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Psychoses
Rats
Reaction Time - physiology
Reflex, Startle - physiology
Schizophrenia
Sensory Gating - physiology
Title Top–down modulation of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in humans and rats
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.02.001
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19747594
https://www.proquest.com/docview/21081559
https://www.proquest.com/docview/734046135
Volume 33
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