Acorn Ants May Create and Use Two Entrances to the Nest Cavity
Many ant species construct large nests that are inhabited by numerous workers, but other species dwell in ready-for-use cavities and live in small colonies. Ants of the genus Temnothorax inhabit small cavities, e.g., in acorns, twigs, and under rocks. Although a preference for nest sites with a narr...
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| Published in | Insects (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 12; no. 10; p. 912 |
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| Language | English |
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| Abstract | Many ant species construct large nests that are inhabited by numerous workers, but other species dwell in ready-for-use cavities and live in small colonies. Ants of the genus Temnothorax inhabit small cavities, e.g., in acorns, twigs, and under rocks. Although a preference for nest sites with a narrower entrance is known, recent studies have shown that they also use cavities with wider entrances and may modify the size of such entrances. As good cavities for nest sites are a limited resource, the possibility to modify a potential nest site, including a reduction in the size of the hole, should be a favorable matter for the ants. Through field and laboratory experiments, I studied the acorn ant Temnothorax crassispinus. Observations showed that they readily inhabited imperfect cavities and, if necessary, modified the holes to such cavities. If they had to repair a nest site, they sometimes created a second entrance; there was no difference in the sizes of the entrances. In the field, for entrance modification or blocking an unnecessary hole, the acorn ants used soil, grains of sand, and parts of plants. In the laboratory, the ant colonies showed no preference for nest sites with one entrance vs. a nest cavity with two entrances. The results of this study showed that even such small ant colonies could use nest sites with multiple entrances; however, the effect of the presence of more than one entrance on the behavior of the ants is unknown. |
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| AbstractList | Many ant species construct large nests that are inhabited by numerous workers, but other species dwell in ready-for-use cavities and live in small colonies. Ants of the genus Temnothorax inhabit small cavities, e.g., in acorns, twigs, and under rocks. Although a preference for nest sites with a narrower entrance is known, recent studies have shown that they also use cavities with wider entrances and may modify the size of such entrances. As good cavities for nest sites are a limited resource, the possibility to modify a potential nest site, including a reduction in the size of the hole, should be a favorable matter for the ants. Through field and laboratory experiments, I studied the acorn ant Temnothorax crassispinus. Observations showed that they readily inhabited imperfect cavities and, if necessary, modified the holes to such cavities. If they had to repair a nest site, they sometimes created a second entrance; there was no difference in the sizes of the entrances. In the field, for entrance modification or blocking an unnecessary hole, the acorn ants used soil, grains of sand, and parts of plants. In the laboratory, the ant colonies showed no preference for nest sites with one entrance vs. a nest cavity with two entrances. The results of this study showed that even such small ant colonies could use nest sites with multiple entrances; however, the effect of the presence of more than one entrance on the behavior of the ants is unknown. Simple SummaryLarge nests of ants, or ant hills, which are inhabited by numerous workers, are universally known. However, many ant species live in small colonies and do not construct nests, but instead dwell in ready-for-use cavities. In Central Europe, acorn ants are among the most widely distributed and common species but are also frequently overlooked as the workers are small and colonies of the species typically range from only a few dozen to about two hundred individuals. Often, a whole colony lives in just one empty acorn or a cavity inside a small twig. Such a cavity, such as an empty acorn, typically has one hole resulting from the activity of wood-boring beetles, and that hole is used by the ant colony as the entrance to the nest. Acorn ants have been the subject of numerous experiments, including those focused on the choice of nest sites. For example, it was previously found that ants prefer sites with a narrow vs. a wider entrance. However, cavities with good-sized hole are rare; thus, the possibility to modify a potential nest site, including a reduction in the size of the hole, should be a favorable matter for the ants. The results of this study showed that the ant colonies could inhabit imperfect cavities that need a modification, e.g., a reduction of the available holes, and that such small colonies may even create two entrances to the nest cavity. However, the effect of the presence of more than one entrance to the nest on the behavior of the ants is unknown.AbstractMany ant species construct large nests that are inhabited by numerous workers, but other species dwell in ready-for-use cavities and live in small colonies. Ants of the genus Temnothorax inhabit small cavities, e.g., in acorns, twigs, and under rocks. Although a preference for nest sites with a narrower entrance is known, recent studies have shown that they also use cavities with wider entrances and may modify the size of such entrances. As good cavities for nest sites are a limited resource, the possibility to modify a potential nest site, including a reduction in the size of the hole, should be a favorable matter for the ants. Through field and laboratory experiments, I studied the acorn ant Temnothorax crassispinus. Observations showed that they readily inhabited imperfect cavities and, if necessary, modified the holes to such cavities. If they had to repair a nest site, they sometimes created a second entrance; there was no difference in the sizes of the entrances. In the field, for entrance modification or blocking an unnecessary hole, the acorn ants used soil, grains of sand, and parts of plants. In the laboratory, the ant colonies showed no preference for nest sites with one entrance vs. a nest cavity with two entrances. The results of this study showed that even such small ant colonies could use nest sites with multiple entrances; however, the effect of the presence of more than one entrance on the behavior of the ants is unknown. Many ant species construct large nests that are inhabited by numerous workers, but other species dwell in ready-for-use cavities and live in small colonies. Ants of the genus Temnothorax inhabit small cavities, e.g., in acorns, twigs, and under rocks. Although a preference for nest sites with a narrower entrance is known, recent studies have shown that they also use cavities with wider entrances and may modify the size of such entrances. As good cavities for nest sites are a limited resource, the possibility to modify a potential nest site, including a reduction in the size of the hole, should be a favorable matter for the ants. Through field and laboratory experiments, I studied the acorn ant Temnothorax crassispinus. Observations showed that they readily inhabited imperfect cavities and, if necessary, modified the holes to such cavities. If they had to repair a nest site, they sometimes created a second entrance; there was no difference in the sizes of the entrances. In the field, for entrance modification or blocking an unnecessary hole, the acorn ants used soil, grains of sand, and parts of plants. In the laboratory, the ant colonies showed no preference for nest sites with one entrance vs. a nest cavity with two entrances. The results of this study showed that even such small ant colonies could use nest sites with multiple entrances; however, the effect of the presence of more than one entrance on the behavior of the ants is unknown.Many ant species construct large nests that are inhabited by numerous workers, but other species dwell in ready-for-use cavities and live in small colonies. Ants of the genus Temnothorax inhabit small cavities, e.g., in acorns, twigs, and under rocks. Although a preference for nest sites with a narrower entrance is known, recent studies have shown that they also use cavities with wider entrances and may modify the size of such entrances. As good cavities for nest sites are a limited resource, the possibility to modify a potential nest site, including a reduction in the size of the hole, should be a favorable matter for the ants. Through field and laboratory experiments, I studied the acorn ant Temnothorax crassispinus. Observations showed that they readily inhabited imperfect cavities and, if necessary, modified the holes to such cavities. If they had to repair a nest site, they sometimes created a second entrance; there was no difference in the sizes of the entrances. In the field, for entrance modification or blocking an unnecessary hole, the acorn ants used soil, grains of sand, and parts of plants. In the laboratory, the ant colonies showed no preference for nest sites with one entrance vs. a nest cavity with two entrances. The results of this study showed that even such small ant colonies could use nest sites with multiple entrances; however, the effect of the presence of more than one entrance on the behavior of the ants is unknown. |
| Author | Mitrus, Sławomir |
| AuthorAffiliation | Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland; smitrus@uni.opole.pl |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s00040_022_00884_2 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani15010049 crossref_primary_10_3390_insects15090638 crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_77659 crossref_primary_10_1080_24750263_2024_2447914 |
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| Copyright | 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2021 by the author. 2021 |
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| Snippet | Many ant species construct large nests that are inhabited by numerous workers, but other species dwell in ready-for-use cavities and live in small colonies.... Simple SummaryLarge nests of ants, or ant hills, which are inhabited by numerous workers, are universally known. However, many ant species live in small... |
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| SubjectTerms | acorns Ants Boring Cavities cavity-nesting ant Colonies entrance modification Experiments Forests Holes Laboratories multiple entrances nest cavity nest site nesting sites Nests Reduction soil Species Temnothorax Temnothorax crassispinus Workers (insect caste) |
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| Title | Acorn Ants May Create and Use Two Entrances to the Nest Cavity |
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