Color morphs of the coral, Acropora tenuis, show different responses to environmental stress and different expression profiles of fluorescent-protein genes
Abstract Corals of the family Acroporidae are key structural components of reefs that support the most diverse marine ecosystems. Due to increasing anthropogenic stresses, coral reefs are in decline. Along the coast of Okinawa, Japan, three different color morphs of Acropora tenuis have been recogni...
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Published in | G3 : genes - genomes - genetics Vol. 11; no. 2 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Oxford University Press
23.01.2021
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Abstract | Abstract
Corals of the family Acroporidae are key structural components of reefs that support the most diverse marine ecosystems. Due to increasing anthropogenic stresses, coral reefs are in decline. Along the coast of Okinawa, Japan, three different color morphs of Acropora tenuis have been recognized for decades. These include brown (N morph), yellow green (G), and purple (P) forms. The tips of axial polyps of each morph exhibit specific fluorescence spectra. This attribute is inherited asexually, and color morphs do not change seasonally. In Okinawa Prefecture, during the summer of 2017, N and P morphs experienced bleaching, in which many N morphs died. Dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae) are essential partners of scleractinian corals, and photosynthetic activity of symbionts was reduced in N and P morphs. In contrast, G morphs successfully withstood the stress. Examination of the clade and type of Symbiodiniaceae indicated that the three color-morphs host similar sets of Clade-C symbionts, suggesting that beaching of N and P morphs is unlikely attributable to differences in the clade of Symbiodiniaceae the color morphs hosted. Fluorescent proteins play pivotal roles in physiological regulation of corals. Since the A. tenuis genome has been decoded, we identified five genes for green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), two for cyan fluorescent proteins (CFPs), three for red fluorescent proteins (RFPs), and seven genes for chromoprotein (ChrP). A summer survey of gene expression profiles under outdoor aquarium conditions demonstrated that (a) expression of CFP and REP was quite low during the summer in all three morphs, (b) P morphs expressed higher levels of ChrP than N and G morphs, (c) both N and G morphs expressed GFP more highly than P morphs, and (d) GFP expression in N morphs was reduced during summer whereas G morphs maintained high levels of GFP expression throughout the summer. Although further studies are required to understand the biological significance of these color morphs of A. tenuis, our results suggest that thermal stress resistance is modified by genetic mechanisms that coincidentally lead to diversification of color morphs of this coral. |
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AbstractList | Abstract
Corals of the family Acroporidae are key structural components of reefs that support the most diverse marine ecosystems. Due to increasing anthropogenic stresses, coral reefs are in decline. Along the coast of Okinawa, Japan, three different color morphs of Acropora tenuis have been recognized for decades. These include brown (N morph), yellow green (G), and purple (P) forms. The tips of axial polyps of each morph exhibit specific fluorescence spectra. This attribute is inherited asexually, and color morphs do not change seasonally. In Okinawa Prefecture, during the summer of 2017, N and P morphs experienced bleaching, in which many N morphs died. Dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae) are essential partners of scleractinian corals, and photosynthetic activity of symbionts was reduced in N and P morphs. In contrast, G morphs successfully withstood the stress. Examination of the clade and type of Symbiodiniaceae indicated that the three color-morphs host similar sets of Clade-C symbionts, suggesting that beaching of N and P morphs is unlikely attributable to differences in the clade of Symbiodiniaceae the color morphs hosted. Fluorescent proteins play pivotal roles in physiological regulation of corals. Since the A. tenuis genome has been decoded, we identified five genes for green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), two for cyan fluorescent proteins (CFPs), three for red fluorescent proteins (RFPs), and seven genes for chromoprotein (ChrP). A summer survey of gene expression profiles under outdoor aquarium conditions demonstrated that (a) expression of CFP and REP was quite low during the summer in all three morphs, (b) P morphs expressed higher levels of ChrP than N and G morphs, (c) both N and G morphs expressed GFP more highly than P morphs, and (d) GFP expression in N morphs was reduced during summer whereas G morphs maintained high levels of GFP expression throughout the summer. Although further studies are required to understand the biological significance of these color morphs of A. tenuis, our results suggest that thermal stress resistance is modified by genetic mechanisms that coincidentally lead to diversification of color morphs of this coral. Corals of the family Acroporidae are key structural components of reefs that support the most diverse marine ecosystems. Due to increasing anthropogenic stresses, coral reefs are in decline. Along the coast of Okinawa, Japan, three different color morphs of Acropora tenuis have been recognized for decades. These include brown (N morph), yellow green (G), and purple (P) forms. The tips of axial polyps of each morph exhibit specific fluorescence spectra. This attribute is inherited asexually, and color morphs do not change seasonally. In Okinawa Prefecture, during the summer of 2017, N and P morphs experienced bleaching, in which many N morphs died. Dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae) are essential partners of scleractinian corals, and photosynthetic activity of symbionts was reduced in N and P morphs. In contrast, G morphs successfully withstood the stress. Examination of the clade and type of Symbiodiniaceae indicated that the three color-morphs host similar sets of Clade-C symbionts, suggesting that beaching of N and P morphs is unlikely attributable to differences in the clade of Symbiodiniaceae the color morphs hosted. Fluorescent proteins play pivotal roles in physiological regulation of corals. Since the A. tenuis genome has been decoded, we identified five genes for green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), two for cyan fluorescent proteins (CFPs), three for red fluorescent proteins (RFPs), and seven genes for chromoprotein (ChrP). A summer survey of gene expression profiles under outdoor aquarium conditions demonstrated that (a) expression of CFP and REP was quite low during the summer in all three morphs, (b) P morphs expressed higher levels of ChrP than N and G morphs, (c) both N and G morphs expressed GFP more highly than P morphs, and (d) GFP expression in N morphs was reduced during summer whereas G morphs maintained high levels of GFP expression throughout the summer. Although further studies are required to understand the biological significance of these color morphs of A. tenuis , our results suggest that thermal stress resistance is modified by genetic mechanisms that coincidentally lead to diversification of color morphs of this coral. Corals of the family Acroporidae are key structural components of reefs that support the most diverse marine ecosystems. Due to increasing anthropogenic stresses, coral reefs are in decline. Along the coast of Okinawa, Japan, three different color morphs of Acropora tenuis have been recognized for decades. These include brown (N morph), yellow green (G), and purple (P) forms. The tips of axial polyps of each morph exhibit specific fluorescence spectra. This attribute is inherited asexually, and color morphs do not change seasonally. In Okinawa Prefecture, during the summer of 2017, N and P morphs experienced bleaching, in which many N morphs died. Dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae) are essential partners of scleractinian corals, and photosynthetic activity of symbionts was reduced in N and P morphs. In contrast, G morphs successfully withstood the stress. Examination of the clade and type of Symbiodiniaceae indicated that the three color-morphs host similar sets of Clade-C symbionts, suggesting that beaching of N and P morphs is unlikely attributable to differences in the clade of Symbiodiniaceae the color morphs hosted. Fluorescent proteins play pivotal roles in physiological regulation of corals. Since the A. tenuis genome has been decoded, we identified five genes for green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), two for cyan fluorescent proteins (CFPs), three for red fluorescent proteins (RFPs), and seven genes for chromoprotein (ChrP). A summer survey of gene expression profiles under outdoor aquarium conditions demonstrated that (a) expression of CFP and REP was quite low during the summer in all three morphs, (b) P morphs expressed higher levels of ChrP than N and G morphs, (c) both N and G morphs expressed GFP more highly than P morphs, and (d) GFP expression in N morphs was reduced during summer whereas G morphs maintained high levels of GFP expression throughout the summer. Although further studies are required to understand the biological significance of these color morphs of A. tenuis, our results suggest that thermal stress resistance is modified by genetic mechanisms that coincidentally lead to diversification of color morphs of this coral. |
Author | Kezuka, Daisuke Yokokura, Atsushi Hagiwara, Kazutaka Hisata, Kanako Koizumi, Koji Satoh, Noriyuki Ishimori, Hiroo Kawamitsu, Mayumi Zayasu, Yuna Shintaku, Kohei Shinzato, Chuya Kinjo, Koji |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , Okinawa 904-0495, Japan 4 IDEA Consultants, Inc., Institute of Environmental Informatics , Kanagawa 224-0025, Japan 3 IDEA Consultants, Inc ., Okinawa Branch Office, Okinawa 900-0003, Japan 7 Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , Okinawa 904-0495, Japan 8 Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo , Chiba 277-8564, Japan 2 Umino-Tane Co. Ltd , Okinawa 905-0888, Japan 5 Okinawa Environmental Research Co., Ltd ., Okinawa 900-0003, Japan 6 DNA Sequencing Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , Okinawa 904-0495, Japan |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 Okinawa Environmental Research Co., Ltd ., Okinawa 900-0003, Japan – name: 3 IDEA Consultants, Inc ., Okinawa Branch Office, Okinawa 900-0003, Japan – name: 2 Umino-Tane Co. Ltd , Okinawa 905-0888, Japan – name: 6 DNA Sequencing Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , Okinawa 904-0495, Japan – name: 7 Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , Okinawa 904-0495, Japan – name: 1 Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , Okinawa 904-0495, Japan – name: 8 Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo , Chiba 277-8564, Japan – name: 4 IDEA Consultants, Inc., Institute of Environmental Informatics , Kanagawa 224-0025, Japan |
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BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33621334$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marpolbul_2024_116260 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmars_2023_1204843 crossref_primary_10_3390_genes12030397 crossref_primary_10_1111_brv_13072 crossref_primary_10_1111_jpy_13219 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmars_2021_688876 crossref_primary_10_4012_dmj_2022_214 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2024_1339907 crossref_primary_10_2108_zs230045 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42995_023_00183_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cub_2022_04_021 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42995_023_00190_1 |
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Keywords | thermal stress response Okinawa coast color morphs Acropora tenuis coral symbionts fluorescent protein gene expression |
Language | English |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Noriyuki Satoh, Koji Kinjo and Kohei Shintaku contributed equally to this work. |
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Corals of the family Acroporidae are key structural components of reefs that support the most diverse marine ecosystems. Due to increasing... Corals of the family Acroporidae are key structural components of reefs that support the most diverse marine ecosystems. Due to increasing anthropogenic... |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Anthozoa Coral Reefs Dinoflagellida Ecosystem Investigation Stress, Physiological Symbiosis |
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Title | Color morphs of the coral, Acropora tenuis, show different responses to environmental stress and different expression profiles of fluorescent-protein genes |
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