Polypyrrole/graphene composite‐coated fiber for the solid‐phase microextraction of phenols

• Published in: Journal of separation science Vol. 34; no. 19; pp. 2765 - 2772
• Main Authors: Zou, Jing, Song, Xinhong, Ji, Jiaojiao, Xu, Weici, Chen, Jinmei, Jiang, Yaqi, Wang, Yiru, Chen, Xi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Weinheim WILEY‐VCH Verlag 01.10.2011; WILEY-VCH Verlag; Wiley; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Analysis methods; Analytical chemistry; Applied sciences; Chemistry; Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography; coatings; Desorption; detection limit; Exact sciences and technology; Extraction; Fibers; Gas chromatographic methods; gas chromatography; Graphene; microextraction; mixing; Natural water pollution; phenol; Phenols; Pollution; Polymerization; Polypyrrole; Polypyrroles; Pyrroles; Solid-phase microextraction; temperature; Water treatment and pollution; Chemical analysis; Halophenols; Coated fiber; Solid-phase microextraction; Flame ionization detector; Composite material; Chemical enrichment; Characterization; Cresol; Freshwater environment; Sample preparation; Adsorbent; GC; Polypyrrole; Quantitative analysis; Trace analysis; Solid phase microextraction; Gas chromatography; Phenol; Pond; Graphene; Surface water; Phenols; Water pollution; Pyrrole polymer
• DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100303
• ISSN: 1615-9306; 1615-9314

A polypyrrole (Ppy)/graphene (G) composite was developed and applied as a novel coating for use in solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography (GC). The Ppy/G‐coated fiber was prepared by electrochemically polymerizing pyrrole and G on a stainless‐steel wire. The extraction efficiency of Ppy/G‐coated fiber for five phenols was the highest compared with the fibers coated with either Ppy or Ppy/graphene oxide (GO) using the same method preparation. Significantly, compared with various commercial fibers, the extraction efficiency of Ppy/G‐coated fiber is better than or comparable to 85 μm CAR/PDMS fiber (best extraction efficiency of phenol, o‐cresol, and m‐cresol in commercial fibers) and 85 μm polyacrylate (PA) fiber (best extraction efficiency of 2,4‐dichlorophenol and p‐bromophenol in commercial fibers). The effects of extraction and desorption parameters such as extraction time, stirring rate, and desorption temperature and time on the extraction/desorption efficiency were investigated and optimized. The calibration curves were linear from 10 to 1000 μg/L for o‐cresol, m‐cresol, p‐bromophenol, and 2,4‐dichlorophenol, and from 50 to 1000 μg/L for phenol. The detection limits were within the range 0.34–3.4 μg/L. The single fiber and fiber‐to‐fiber reproducibilities were <8.3 (n=7) and 13.3% (n=4), respectively. The recovery of the phenols spiked in natural water samples at 200 μg/L ranged from 74.1 to 103.9% and the relative standard deviations were <3.7%.