Lithium-ion battery explosion aerosols: Morphology and elemental composition
Aerosols emitted by the explosion of lithium-ion batteries were characterized to assess potential exposures. The explosions were initiated by activating thermal runaway in three commercial batteries: (1) lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), (2) lithium iron phosphate (LFP), and (3) lithium t...
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| Published in | Aerosol science and technology Vol. 55; no. 10; pp. 1183 - 1201 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
Taylor & Francis
03.10.2021
Taylor & Francis Ltd |
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| Abstract | Aerosols emitted by the explosion of lithium-ion batteries were characterized to assess potential exposures. The explosions were initiated by activating thermal runaway in three commercial batteries: (1) lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), (2) lithium iron phosphate (LFP), and (3) lithium titanate oxide (LTO). Post-explosion aerosols were collected on anodisc filters and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM and EDS analyses showed that aerosol morphologies and compositions were comparable to individual grains within the original battery materials for the NMC cell, which points to the fracture and ejection of the original battery components during the explosion. In contrast, the LFP cell emitted carbonaceous cenospheres, which suggests aerosol formation by the decomposition of organics within molten microspheres. LTO explosion aerosols showed characteristics of both types of emissions. The abundance of elements from the anode, cathode, and separator in respirable aerosols underscored the need for the selection of low-toxicity battery materials due to potential exposures in the event of battery thermal runaway. |
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| AbstractList | Aerosols emitted by the explosion of lithium-ion batteries were characterized to assess potential exposures. The explosions were initiated by activating thermal runaway in three commercial batteries: (1) lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), (2) lithiumiron phosphate (LFP), and (3) lithium titanate oxide (LTO). Post-explosion aerosols were collected on anodisc filters and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM and EDS analyses showed that aerosol morphologies and compositions were comparable to individual grains within the original battery materials for the NMC cell, which points to the fracture and ejection of the original battery components during the explosion. In contrast, the LFP cell emitted carbonaceous cenospheres, which suggests aerosol formation by the decomposition of organics within molten microspheres. LTO explosion aerosols showed characteristics of both types of emissions. The abundance of elements from the anode, cathode, and separator in respirable aerosols underscored the need for the selection of low-toxicity battery materials due to potential exposures in the event of battery thermal runaway.Aerosols emitted by the explosion of lithium-ion batteries were characterized to assess potential exposures. The explosions were initiated by activating thermal runaway in three commercial batteries: (1) lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), (2) lithiumiron phosphate (LFP), and (3) lithium titanate oxide (LTO). Post-explosion aerosols were collected on anodisc filters and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM and EDS analyses showed that aerosol morphologies and compositions were comparable to individual grains within the original battery materials for the NMC cell, which points to the fracture and ejection of the original battery components during the explosion. In contrast, the LFP cell emitted carbonaceous cenospheres, which suggests aerosol formation by the decomposition of organics within molten microspheres. LTO explosion aerosols showed characteristics of both types of emissions. The abundance of elements from the anode, cathode, and separator in respirable aerosols underscored the need for the selection of low-toxicity battery materials due to potential exposures in the event of battery thermal runaway. Aerosols emitted by the explosion of lithium-ion batteries were characterized to assess potential exposures. The explosions were initiated by activating thermal runaway in three commercial batteries: (1) lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), (2) lithium iron phosphate (LFP), and (3) lithium titanate oxide (LTO). Post-explosion aerosols were collected on anodisc filters and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM and EDS analyses showed that aerosol morphologies and compositions were comparable to individual grains within the original battery materials for the NMC cell, which points to the fracture and ejection of the original battery components during the explosion. In contrast, the LFP cell emitted carbonaceous cenospheres, which suggests aerosol formation by the decomposition of organics within molten microspheres. LTO explosion aerosols showed characteristics of both types of emissions. The abundance of elements from the anode, cathode, and separator in respirable aerosols underscored the need for the selection of low-toxicity battery materials due to potential exposures in the event of battery thermal runaway. Aerosols emitted by the explosion of lithium-ion batteries were characterized to assess potential exposures. The explosions were initiated by activating thermal runaway in three commercial batteries: (1) lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), (2) lithiumiron phosphate (LFP), and (3) lithium titanate oxide (LTO). Post-explosion aerosols were collected on anodisc filters and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM and EDS analyses showed that aerosol morphologies and compositions were comparable to individual grains within the original battery materials for the NMC cell, which points to the fracture and ejection of the original battery components during the explosion. In contrast, the LFP cell emitted carbonaceous cenospheres, which suggests aerosol formation by the decomposition of organics within molten microspheres. LTO explosion aerosols showed characteristics of both types of emissions. The abundance of elements from the anode, cathode, and separator in respirable aerosols underscored the need for the selection of low-toxicity battery materials due to potential exposures in the event of battery thermal runaway. |
| Author | Zlochower, Isaac A. Friend, Sherri A. Bugarski, Aleksandar D. Rayyan, Naseem S. Barone, Teresa L. Dubaniewicz, Thomas H. |
| AuthorAffiliation | c Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA a Health Hazards Prevention Branch, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA b Mining Systems Safety Branch, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: a Health Hazards Prevention Branch, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA – name: c Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA – name: b Mining Systems Safety Branch, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Teresa L. surname: Barone fullname: Barone, Teresa L. organization: Health Hazards Prevention Branch, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – sequence: 2 givenname: Thomas H. surname: Dubaniewicz fullname: Dubaniewicz, Thomas H. organization: Mining Systems Safety Branch, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – sequence: 3 givenname: Sherri A. surname: Friend fullname: Friend, Sherri A. organization: Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – sequence: 4 givenname: Isaac A. surname: Zlochower fullname: Zlochower, Isaac A. organization: Mining Systems Safety Branch, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – sequence: 5 givenname: Aleksandar D. surname: Bugarski fullname: Bugarski, Aleksandar D. organization: Health Hazards Prevention Branch, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – sequence: 6 givenname: Naseem S. surname: Rayyan fullname: Rayyan, Naseem S. organization: Mining Systems Safety Branch, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35923215$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| SubjectTerms | Aerosol formation Aerosols Cenospheres Chemical composition Cobalt Cobalt oxides Composition Electron microscopy Explosions Iron phosphates Lithium Lithium-ion batteries Manganese Mark Swihart Microspheres Morphology Nickel Rechargeable batteries Scanning electron microscopy Separators Thermal runaway Toxicity X-ray spectroscopy |
| Title | Lithium-ion battery explosion aerosols: Morphology and elemental composition |
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