Characterization of microencapsulated and impregnated porous host materials based on calcium chloride for thermochemical energy storage
•Attempts have been made to stabilize calcium chloride-based materials.•Impregnation and microencapsulation methods are applied.•Stability, kinetics and energy density are investigated.•Combined TGA-DSC methods and microscopic observation are employed.•Microencapsulation improved stability and kinet...
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| Published in | Applied energy Vol. 212; pp. 1165 - 1177 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
15.02.2018
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | •Attempts have been made to stabilize calcium chloride-based materials.•Impregnation and microencapsulation methods are applied.•Stability, kinetics and energy density are investigated.•Combined TGA-DSC methods and microscopic observation are employed.•Microencapsulation improved stability and kinetics but not energy density.
Thermochemical heat storage in salt hydrates is a promising method to improve the solar fraction in the built environment. The major concern at this stage is liquefaction followed by washing out of active material and agglomeration into large chunks of salt, thus deteriorating the diffusive properties of the porous salt hydrate structure. In this work, specific attention is given to the methods to stabilize a sample salt hydrate. Attempts have been made to stabilize calcium chloride by impregnation in expanded natural graphite and vermiculite, and by microencapsulation with ethyl cellulose. The effect of these stabilization methods on the performance of the material, such as kinetics and energy density, is investigated. Characterization of the materials is carried out with combined Thermo-Gravitational Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods and microscopic observation, in order to evaluate the improvements on the basis of three subjects: reaction kinetics, heat storage density and stability. Within the boundary conditions for thermochemical energy storage as presented in this work, microencapsulated calcium chloride showed high multicyclic stability, compared with pure and impregnated materials, that liquefy upon hydration under the given conditions. Microencapsulated material remains stable over multiple cycles and at the same time shows the faster kinetics, but has a lower volumetric energy storage density. |
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| AbstractList | Thermochemical heat storage in salt hydrates is a promising method to improve the solar fraction in the built environment. The major concern at this stage is liquefaction followed by washing out of active material and agglomeration into large chunks of salt, thus deteriorating the diffusive properties of the porous salt hydrate structure. In this work, specific attention is given to the methods to stabilize a sample salt hydrate. Attempts have been made to stabilize calcium chloride by impregnation in expanded natural graphite and vermiculite, and by microencapsulation with ethyl cellulose. The effect of these stabilization methods on the performance of the material, such as kinetics and energy density, is investigated. Characterization of the materials is carried out with combined Thermo-Gravitational Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods and microscopic observation, in order to evaluate the improvements on the basis of three subjects: reaction kinetics, heat storage density and stability. Within the boundary conditions for thermochemical energy storage as presented in this work, microencapsulated calcium chloride showed high multicyclic stability, compared with pure and impregnated materials, that liquefy upon hydration under the given conditions. Microencapsulated material remains stable over multiple cycles and at the same time shows the faster kinetics, but has a lower volumetric energy storage density. •Attempts have been made to stabilize calcium chloride-based materials.•Impregnation and microencapsulation methods are applied.•Stability, kinetics and energy density are investigated.•Combined TGA-DSC methods and microscopic observation are employed.•Microencapsulation improved stability and kinetics but not energy density. Thermochemical heat storage in salt hydrates is a promising method to improve the solar fraction in the built environment. The major concern at this stage is liquefaction followed by washing out of active material and agglomeration into large chunks of salt, thus deteriorating the diffusive properties of the porous salt hydrate structure. In this work, specific attention is given to the methods to stabilize a sample salt hydrate. Attempts have been made to stabilize calcium chloride by impregnation in expanded natural graphite and vermiculite, and by microencapsulation with ethyl cellulose. The effect of these stabilization methods on the performance of the material, such as kinetics and energy density, is investigated. Characterization of the materials is carried out with combined Thermo-Gravitational Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods and microscopic observation, in order to evaluate the improvements on the basis of three subjects: reaction kinetics, heat storage density and stability. Within the boundary conditions for thermochemical energy storage as presented in this work, microencapsulated calcium chloride showed high multicyclic stability, compared with pure and impregnated materials, that liquefy upon hydration under the given conditions. Microencapsulated material remains stable over multiple cycles and at the same time shows the faster kinetics, but has a lower volumetric energy storage density. |
| Author | Rindt, C.C.M. Rouws, A.L. Gaeini, M. Zondag, H.A. Salari, J.W.O. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: M. surname: Gaeini fullname: Gaeini, M. organization: Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, P.O.Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands – sequence: 2 givenname: A.L. surname: Rouws fullname: Rouws, A.L. organization: Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, P.O.Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands – sequence: 3 givenname: J.W.O. surname: Salari fullname: Salari, J.W.O. organization: TNO, Netherlands Institute for Applied Scientific Research, P.O. Box 6235, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands – sequence: 4 givenname: H.A. surname: Zondag fullname: Zondag, H.A. organization: Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, P.O.Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands – sequence: 5 givenname: C.C.M. surname: Rindt fullname: Rindt, C.C.M. email: C.C.M.Rindt@tue.nl organization: Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, P.O.Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands |
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| Keywords | Calcium chloride composites TGA-DSC Thermochemical heat storage Stability Microencapsulation and impregnated Kinetics and energy storage density |
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| Snippet | •Attempts have been made to stabilize calcium chloride-based materials.•Impregnation and microencapsulation methods are applied.•Stability, kinetics and energy... Thermochemical heat storage in salt hydrates is a promising method to improve the solar fraction in the built environment. The major concern at this stage is... |
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| SubjectTerms | calcium chloride Calcium chloride composites cellulose differential scanning calorimetry energy energy density graphene heat Kinetics and energy storage density liquefaction microencapsulation Microencapsulation and impregnated microscopy reaction kinetics Stability TGA-DSC Thermochemical heat storage vermiculite washing |
| Title | Characterization of microencapsulated and impregnated porous host materials based on calcium chloride for thermochemical energy storage |
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