Reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors in chronic daily cannabis smokers
Chronic cannabis (marijuana, hashish) smoking can result in dependence. Rodent studies show reversible downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB 1 (cannabinoid receptor type 1) receptors after chronic exposure to cannabis. However, whether downregulation occurs in humans who chronically smoke cannabis...
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| Published in | Molecular psychiatry Vol. 17; no. 6; pp. 642 - 649 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.06.2012
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Chronic cannabis (marijuana, hashish) smoking can result in dependence. Rodent studies show reversible downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB
1
(cannabinoid receptor type 1) receptors after chronic exposure to cannabis. However, whether downregulation occurs in humans who chronically smoke cannabis is unknown. Here we show, using positron emission tomography imaging, reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB
1
receptors in human subjects who chronically smoke cannabis. Downregulation correlated with years of cannabis smoking and was selective to cortical brain regions. After ∼4 weeks of continuously monitored abstinence from cannabis on a secure research unit, CB
1
receptor density returned to normal levels. This is the first direct demonstration of cortical cannabinoid CB
1
receptor downregulation as a neuroadaptation that may promote cannabis dependence in human brain. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Chronic cannabis (marijuana, hashish) smoking can result in dependence. Rodent studies show reversible downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB(1) (cannabinoid receptor type 1) receptors after chronic exposure to cannabis. However, whether downregulation occurs in humans who chronically smoke cannabis is unknown. Here we show, using positron emission tomography imaging, reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB(1) receptors in human subjects who chronically smoke cannabis. Downregulation correlated with years of cannabis smoking and was selective to cortical brain regions. After ∼4 weeks of continuously monitored abstinence from cannabis on a secure research unit, CB(1) receptor density returned to normal levels. This is the first direct demonstration of cortical cannabinoid CB(1) receptor downregulation as a neuroadaptation that may promote cannabis dependence in human brain.Chronic cannabis (marijuana, hashish) smoking can result in dependence. Rodent studies show reversible downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB(1) (cannabinoid receptor type 1) receptors after chronic exposure to cannabis. However, whether downregulation occurs in humans who chronically smoke cannabis is unknown. Here we show, using positron emission tomography imaging, reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB(1) receptors in human subjects who chronically smoke cannabis. Downregulation correlated with years of cannabis smoking and was selective to cortical brain regions. After ∼4 weeks of continuously monitored abstinence from cannabis on a secure research unit, CB(1) receptor density returned to normal levels. This is the first direct demonstration of cortical cannabinoid CB(1) receptor downregulation as a neuroadaptation that may promote cannabis dependence in human brain. Chronic cannabis (marijuana, hashish) smoking can result in dependence. Rodent studies show reversible downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB(1) (cannabinoid receptor type 1) receptors after chronic exposure to cannabis. However, whether downregulation occurs in humans who chronically smoke cannabis is unknown. Here we show, using positron emission tomography imaging, reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB(1) receptors in human subjects who chronically smoke cannabis. Downregulation correlated with years of cannabis smoking and was selective to cortical brain regions. After 4 weeks of continuously monitored abstinence from cannabis on a secure research unit, CB(1) receptor density returned to normal levels. This is the first direct demonstration of cortical cannabinoid CB(1) receptor downregulation as a neuroadaptation that may promote cannabis dependence in human brain. Chronic cannabis (marijuana, hashish) smoking can result in dependence. Rodent studies show reversible downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB 1 (cannabinoid receptor type 1) receptors after chronic exposure to cannabis. However, whether downregulation occurs in humans who chronically smoke cannabis is unknown. Here we show, using positron emission tomography imaging, reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB 1 receptors in human subjects who chronically smoke cannabis. Downregulation correlated with years of cannabis smoking and was selective to cortical brain regions. After ∼4 weeks of continuously monitored abstinence from cannabis on a secure research unit, CB 1 receptor density returned to normal levels. This is the first direct demonstration of cortical cannabinoid CB 1 receptor downregulation as a neuroadaptation that may promote cannabis dependence in human brain. Chronic cannabis (marijuana, hashish) smoking can result in dependence. Rodent studies show reversible downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB(1) (cannabinoid receptor type 1) receptors after chronic exposure to cannabis. However, whether downregulation occurs in humans who chronically smoke cannabis is unknown. Here we show, using positron emission tomography imaging, reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB(1) receptors in human subjects who chronically smoke cannabis. Downregulation correlated with years of cannabis smoking and was selective to cortical brain regions. After ∼4 weeks of continuously monitored abstinence from cannabis on a secure research unit, CB(1) receptor density returned to normal levels. This is the first direct demonstration of cortical cannabinoid CB(1) receptor downregulation as a neuroadaptation that may promote cannabis dependence in human brain. Chronic cannabis (marijuana, hashish) smoking can result in dependence. Rodent studies show reversible downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB 1 (cannabinoid receptor type 1) receptors after chronic exposure to cannabis. However, whether downregulation occurs in humans who chronically smoke cannabis is unknown. Here we show, using positron emission tomography imaging, reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB 1 receptors in human subjects who chronically smoke cannabis. Downregulation correlated with years of cannabis smoking and was selective to cortical brain regions. After ~4 weeks of continuously monitored abstinence from cannabis on a secure research unit, CB 1 receptor density returned to normal levels. This is the first direct demonstration of cortical cannabinoid CB 1 receptor downregulation as a neuroadaptation that may promote cannabis dependence in human brain. Chronic cannabis (marijuana, hashish) smoking can result in dependence. Rodent studies show reversible downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB1 (cannabinoid receptor type 1) receptors after chronic exposure to cannabis. However, whether downregulation occurs in humans who chronically smoke cannabis is unknown. Here we show, using positron emission tomography imaging, reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors in human subjects who chronically smoke cannabis. Downregulation correlated with years of cannabis smoking and was selective to cortical brain regions. After ∼4 weeks of continuously monitored abstinence from cannabis on a secure research unit, CB1 receptor density returned to normal levels. This is the first direct demonstration of cortical cannabinoid CB1 receptor downregulation as a neuroadaptation that may promote cannabis dependence in human brain. |
| Author | Morse, C Huestis, M A Volkow, N D Zoghbi, S S Pike, V W Hirvonen, J Li, C-T Terry, G E Innis, R B Goodwin, R S |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Office of the Director, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA 2 Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA 1 Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA – name: 3 Office of the Director, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA – name: 1 Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: J surname: Hirvonen fullname: Hirvonen, J organization: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH – sequence: 2 givenname: R S surname: Goodwin fullname: Goodwin, R S organization: Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH – sequence: 3 givenname: C-T surname: Li fullname: Li, C-T organization: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH – sequence: 4 givenname: G E surname: Terry fullname: Terry, G E organization: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH – sequence: 5 givenname: S S surname: Zoghbi fullname: Zoghbi, S S organization: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH – sequence: 6 givenname: C surname: Morse fullname: Morse, C organization: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH – sequence: 7 givenname: V W surname: Pike fullname: Pike, V W organization: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH – sequence: 8 givenname: N D surname: Volkow fullname: Volkow, N D organization: Office of the Director, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH – sequence: 9 givenname: M A surname: Huestis fullname: Huestis, M A organization: Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH – sequence: 10 givenname: R B surname: Innis fullname: Innis, R B email: robert.innis@nih.gov organization: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25952950$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21747398$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | cannabis receptor positron emission tomography receptor imaging addiction CB Radionuclide study CB1 cannabinoid receptor Central nervous system Cannabidaceae Encephalon Cannabis Chronic Addiction Smoker Dicotyledones Imaging Cannabinoid receptor Angiospermae Spermatophyta Drug of abuse Positron emission tomography Recreational drug Biological receptor Emission tomography |
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| Snippet | Chronic cannabis (marijuana, hashish) smoking can result in dependence. Rodent studies show reversible downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB
1
(cannabinoid... Chronic cannabis (marijuana, hashish) smoking can result in dependence. Rodent studies show reversible downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB(1) (cannabinoid... Chronic cannabis (marijuana, hashish) smoking can result in dependence. Rodent studies show reversible downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB1 (cannabinoid... |
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| SubjectTerms | Abstinence Adult Behavioral Sciences Biological and medical sciences Biological Psychology Body mass index Brain research Cannabinoid CB1 receptors Cannabinoids Cannabis Cerebral Cortex - drug effects Cerebral Cortex - metabolism Chronic exposure Down-Regulation - drug effects Drug abuse Drug withdrawal Fluorine Radioisotopes Functional Neuroimaging - methods Functional Neuroimaging - psychology Humans Male Marijuana Marijuana Smoking - metabolism Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mental health Neuroimaging Neurosciences original-article Pharmacotherapy Positron emission tomography Positron-Emission Tomography - methods Positron-Emission Tomography - psychology Psychiatry Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Pyrrolidinones Receptor density Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - metabolism Smoke Smoking Substance Withdrawal Syndrome - metabolism Time Factors Tobacco Tomography Urine |
| Title | Reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors in chronic daily cannabis smokers |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/mp.2011.82 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21747398 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1015279663 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2645772951 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1015756815 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3223558 |
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