Beyond species area curves: application of a scale-free measure for spatial variability of species richness
We report a novel pattern in species richness, complementary to the well-known species—area relationship. We show that, as sample area increases, the variation in relative richness decreases among otherwise comparable spatial units. This pattern holds for southern African birds, French birds, Cape P...
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| Published in | Oikos Vol. 120; no. 7; pp. 966 - 978 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.07.2011
Blackwell Publishers Blackwell |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0030-1299 1600-0706 |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.19134.x |
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| Abstract | We report a novel pattern in species richness, complementary to the well-known species—area relationship. We show that, as sample area increases, the variation in relative richness decreases among otherwise comparable spatial units. This pattern holds for southern African birds, French birds, Cape Proteaceae and the trees of Barro Colorado Island. We propose a scale-free method for quantifying this pattern by measuring the multifractal intensity of species richness, which is the multi-scale tendency of adjacent patches with the same area to differ in richness. By this measure, spatial variability is strongest for Cape Proteaceae and weakest for Barro Colorado Island trees. Our results have implications for area-dependent estimates of species-richness, for example in reserve planning and in simulation-based studies. They imply that such estimates are most accurate for large areas, and will be subject to substantial uncertainty when the multifractal intensity is high and the area is small. For comparative purposes, multifractal intensity may be used as a supplement or as an alternative to mean richness, as well as for other ecological densities, such as biomass distribution and local abundance. |
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| AbstractList | We report a novel pattern in species richness, complementary to the well-known species-area relationship. We show that, as sample area increases, the variation in relative richness decreases among otherwise comparable spatial units. This pattern holds for southern African birds, French birds, Cape Proteaceae and the trees of Barro Colorado Island. We propose a scale-free method for quantifying this pattern by measuring the multifractal intensity of species richness, which is the multi-scale tendency of adjacent patches with the same area to differ in richness. By this measure, spatial variability is strongest for Cape Proteaceae and weakest for Barro Colorado Island trees. Our results have implications for area-dependent estimates of species-richness, for example in reserve planning and in simulation-based studies. They imply that such estimates are most accurate for large areas, and will be subject to substantial uncertainty when the multifractal intensity is high and the area is small. For comparative purposes, multifractal intensity may be used as a supplement or as an alternative to mean richness, as well as for other ecological densities, such as biomass distribution and local abundance. We report a novel pattern in species richness, complementary to the well‐known species–area relationship. We show that, as sample area increases, the variation in relative richness decreases among otherwise comparable spatial units. This pattern holds for southern African birds, French birds, Cape Proteaceae and the trees of Barro Colorado Island. We propose a scale‐free method for quantifying this pattern by measuring the multifractal intensity of species richness, which is the multi‐scale tendency of adjacent patches with the same area to differ in richness. By this measure, spatial variability is strongest for Cape Proteaceae and weakest for Barro Colorado Island trees. Our results have implications for area‐dependent estimates of species‐richness, for example in reserve planning and in simulation‐based studies. They imply that such estimates are most accurate for large areas, and will be subject to substantial uncertainty when the multifractal intensity is high and the area is small. For comparative purposes, multifractal intensity may be used as a supplement or as an alternative to mean richness, as well as for other ecological densities, such as biomass distribution and local abundance. |
| Author | Perrier, Edith Laurie, Henri |
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E (e_1_2_10_29_1) 2004 e_1_2_10_3_1 e_1_2_10_5_1 e_1_2_10_17_1 e_1_2_10_38_1 e_1_2_10_7_1 e_1_2_10_15_1 e_1_2_10_36_1 e_1_2_10_12_1 e_1_2_10_35_1 Takhtajan A (e_1_2_10_46_1) 1986 e_1_2_10_10_1 e_1_2_10_33_1 e_1_2_10_31_1 e_1_2_10_50_1 Yeatman‐Berthelot D. (e_1_2_10_51_1) 1994 Rebelo A (e_1_2_10_37_1) 1991 e_1_2_10_28_1 e_1_2_10_49_1 Harrison J. A. (e_1_2_10_19_1) 1997 e_1_2_10_26_1 e_1_2_10_47_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Rodriguez-Iturbe I. et al. 1994. Self-organized river basin landscapes: fractal and multifractal characteristics. Water Resour. Res. 30: 3531-3539. – reference: Dolnik C. and Breuer M. 2008. Scale dependency in the speciesarea relationship of plant communities. Folia Geobot. 43: 305-318. – reference: Šizling A. L. and Storch D. 2004. Power-law species-area relationships and self-similar species distributions within finite areas. Ecol. Lett. 7: 60-68. – reference: Ozik J. et al. 2005. Formation of multifractal population patterns from reproductive growth and local resettlement. Phys. Rev. E 72: 513-519. – reference: Harte J. et al. 1999. Self-similarity in the distribution and abundance of species. Science 284: 334-336. – reference: Burns K. C. et al. 2009. The small-island effect: fact or artefact? Ecography 32: 269-276. – reference: Jiguet F. et al. 2005. Modeling spatial trends in estimated species richness using breeding bird survey data: a valuable tool in biodiversity assessment. Biodiv. Conserv. 14: 3305-3324. – reference: Drakare S. et al. 2006. The imprint of the geographical, evolutionary and ecological context on species-area relationships. Ecol. Lett. 9: 215-227. – reference: Pascual M. et al. 1995. Intermittency in the plankton: a multifractal analysis of zooplankton biomass variability. J. Plankton Res. 17: 1209-1232. – reference: Tjörve E. 2003. Shapes and functions of species-area curves: a review of possible models. J. Biogeogr. 30: 827-835. – reference: Paladin G. and Vulpiani A. 1987. Anomalous scaling laws in multifractal objects. Phys. Rep. 156: 147-225. – reference: Ulrich W. and Buszko J. 2007. Sampling design and the shape of species-area curves on the regional scale. Acta Oecol. 31: 54-59. – reference: Coleman B. 1981. Random placement and species-area relations. Math. Biosci. 54: 191-215. – reference: Condit R. et al. 2002. Beta-diversity in fropical forest trees. Science 295: 666-669. – reference: Crawley M. J. and Harral J. E. 2001. Scale dependence in plant biodiversity. Science 291: 864-868. – reference: Rosenzweig M. 1995. Species diversity in space and time. - Wiley. – reference: Schmitt F. G. and Seuront L. 2001. Multifractal random walk in copepod behavior. Physica A 301: 375-396. – reference: Magurran A. E. 2004. Measuring biological diversity. - Blackwell. – reference: Laurie H. and Perrier E. 2010. A multifractal model for spatial variation in species richness. Ecol. Complexity 7: 32-35. – reference: Harrison J. A. et al. (eds) 1997. The atlas of southern African birds. - Birdlife South Africa. – reference: Dengler J. 2009. Which function describes the species-area relationship best? A review and empirical evaluation. J. Biogeogr. 36: 728-744. – reference: Rebelo A. 1991. 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| Snippet | We report a novel pattern in species richness, complementary to the well-known species—area relationship. We show that, as sample area increases, the variation... We report a novel pattern in species richness, complementary to the well‐known species–area relationship. We show that, as sample area increases, the variation... We report a novel pattern in species richness, complementary to the well-known species-area relationship. We show that, as sample area increases, the variation... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Best fit Biodiversity Biological and medical sciences biomass Birds Datasets Degrees of freedom Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fynbos General aspects interspecific variation islands Landscape ecology planning Proteaceae Spatial models Species species diversity Species richness Standard deviation Statistical variance trees uncertainty |
| Title | Beyond species area curves: application of a scale-free measure for spatial variability of species richness |
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